<i>Salmonella</i> Flagellum

Flagella-driven motility contributes to effective bacterial invasion. The bacterial flagellum of Salmonella enterica is a rotary motor powered by an electrochemical potential difference of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane. The flagellum is composed of several basal body rings and an axial structure consisting of the rod as a drive shaft, the hook as a universal joint and the filament as a helical propeller. The assembly of the axial structure begins with the rod, followed by the hook and finally the filament. A type III protein export apparatus is located at the flagellar base and transports flagellar axial proteins from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing flagellar structure where their assembly occurs. The protein export apparatus coordinates flagellar gene expression with assembly, allowing the hierarchy of flagellar gene expression to exactly parallel the flagellar assembly process. The basal body can accommodate a dozen stator complexes around a rotor ring complex in a load-dependent manner. Each stator unit conducts protons and pushes the rotor. In this book chapter, we will summarize our current understanding of the structure and function of the Salmonella flagellum

<教育研究報告> ドイツ バード・ランゲンザルツァ国際彫刻シンポジウムと鑑賞教育

テューリンゲン州主催、ドイツ バード・ランゲンザルツァ市(Bad Langensalza)植物園で開催された、第2回国際彫刻シンポジウムに参加招待を受けた。会期は2009年8月6日(木)から16日(日)の11日間、実制作日数は9日間。参加国はドイツ・フランス・ポーランド・日本の4カ国6名であった。このシンポジウムの「制作会場」・「材質と大きさ」・「道具と機材」・「主題と制作方法」・「彫刻の管理」及び「鑑賞教育としてのシンポジウム」について調査した。公開制作の様子、市民との交流、制作者の視点から鑑賞教育についてまとめた

国際彫刻シンポジウムに見られる対話型鑑賞教育 : ドイツの園児・小学生の活動を中心として

鑑賞教育の重要性が昨今叫ばれる中、美術館では学芸員、アートサポーターによる子どもたちや市民を取り込む様々な教育普及活動がなされてきた。完成された美術作品の鑑賞の枠をはずれ、公開制作中の作家を訪問する鑑賞教育の企画が海外の国際彫刻シンポジウムに多く見られる。自身が招待参加したドイツでの３回の国際彫刻シンポジウムを中心に、作家との対話型鑑賞教育の有用性について考察した

H1.X with different properties from other linker histones is required for mitotic progression

AbstractWe report here the characterization of H1.X, a human histone H1 subtype. We demonstrate that H1.X accumulates in the nucleolus during interphase and is distributed at the chromosome periphery during mitosis. In addition, the results of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching indicate that the exchange of H1.X on and off chromatin is faster than that of the other H1 subtypes. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments reveal that H1.X is required for chromosome alignment and segregation. Our results suggest that H1.X has important functions in mitotic progression, which are different from those of the other H1 subtypes

The nuclear scaffold protein SAF-A is required for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and contributes to the targeting of Aurora-A to mitotic spindles

Ma N., Matsunaga S., Morimoto A., et al. The nuclear scaffold protein SAF-A is required for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and contributes to the targeting of Aurora-A to mitotic spindles. Journal of Cell Science, 124, 3, 394. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.063347

Vacuum phenomenon of sacroiliac joint

Study Design: A radiologic study of sacropelvic morphology and vacuum phenomenon of sacroiliac joint in subjects unrelated to low back pain. Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between sacropelvic morphology and vacuum phenomenon of the sacroiliac joint. Overview of Literature: Lumbopelvic alignment and sacropelvic morphology are associated with the pathomechanisms of various spinal disorders. The vacuum phenomena of the sacroiliac joint (SJVP) are often observed in clinical practice, but the relationships between these phenomena and sacropelvic morphology have not been investigated. This study examined the prevalence of SJVP in computed tomography (CT) images and the relationship between sacropelvic morphology and SJVP. Methods: We analyzed multiplanar CT images of 93 subjects (59 men, 34 women). Pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL) were measured using the three-dimensional reconstruction method. The prevalence of SJVP in multiplanar CT images were reviewed. Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) scores and the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, which focuses on subjective symptoms and restriction of activities of daily living, were also obtained from all the subjects. Results: Thirty-six of the 93 subjects had SJVP (39%), with marked female predominance (91% women, 8.5% men). Men with SJVP had significantly lower PI than men without SJVP (35.1° vs. 46.3°, p<0.05). There was no correlation between SJVP and the modified JOA or RDQ scores. Conclusions: These data suggest that differences in sacropelvic morphology can influence the biomechanical environment and contribute to SJVP in men. Presence of SJVP did not affect JOA or RDQ scores