101 Alimentos saludables para tener en tu casa

El prof. De Luis, además de ser un referente nacional e internacional en el campo del Metabolismo y la Nutrición, se embarcó desde hace unos años en divulgar el conocimiento nutricional. “Nutrición para todos los públicos” podía ser el lema de su aventura. Bajo el auspicio de la Universidad de Valladolid, que publica esta obra, da continuidad a la tarea que comenzó con su obra anterior (21 consejos nutricionales para vivir sanos), de la que ya dimos rendida cuenta en su momento en la revista Nutrición Hospitalari

The challenges of home enteral tube feeding: A global perspective

The aim of this review is to provide a global perspective of Home Enteral Tube Feeding (HETF) and to outline some of the challenges of home enteral nutrition (HEN) provisions. It is well established that the number of patients on HETF is on the increase worldwide due to advances in technology, development of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy techniques, and the shift in care provisions from acute to community settings. While the significance of home enteral nutrition in meeting the nutritional requirements of patients with poor swallowing reflexes and those with poor nutritional status is not in doubt, differences exist in terms of funding, standards, management approaches and the level of infrastructural development across the world. Strategies for alleviating some of the challenges militating against the effective delivery of HETF including the development of national and international standards, guidelines and policies for HETF, increased awareness and funding by government at all levels were discussed. Others, including development of HEN services, which should create the enabling environment for multidisciplinary team work, clinical audit and research, recruitment and retention of specialist staff, and improvement in patient outcomes have been outlined. However, more research is required to fully establish the cost effectiveness of the HEN service especially in developing countries and to compare the organization of HEN service between developing and developed countries

Los primeros 1000 días: Una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles

Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health.El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específi cos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científi ca acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud públicaEsta publicación ha sido promovida y financiada por el Instituto Danon

El espacio de los editores: Nutrición Hospitalaria en 2017

Como es habitual, coincidiendo con el comienzo de un nuevo ejercicio, el Comité Editorial da cuenta del último año en Nutrición Hospitalaria (NH), de su situación general, de los cambios producidos y de los resultados obtenidos. Dos son los aspectos relevantes durante 2017, en apariencia, contrapuestos: el incremento en la visibilidad de la revista y, a la vez, la disminución en el factor de impacto Journal Citation Report (JCR)

CO-121 Aplicación de Técnicas Analíticas Avanzadas en el Desarrollo de Nuevas Formulaciones para la Limpieza de Barnices en Obras de Arte

Cuando se lleva a cabo la limpieza de suciedad y de barniz en obras de arte con disolvente o emulsiones en medio acuoso es necesario considerar los efectos que pueden ocasionar sobre la policromía original. Este trabajo recoge los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la eficacia de diferentes emulsiones a base de limonero para la limpieza de barnices en obras de arte, analizando su grado de eficacia, la permanencia de residuos en superficie y las posibles interacciones con las capas de policromía. La eficacia del tratamiento se ha comprobado mediante iluminación con luz ultravioleta, microscopía óptica polarizada, espectroscopía micro-Raman y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectometría de masas

Response Surface Model Applied to Fine Arts: The Case of the Restoration of Paintings

Cleaning polychrome paintings and sculptures is an essential task in restoration treatment, since it irreversibly affects the appearance and material structure of such works of art. It is a completely “analogical” process consisting of removing surface dirt, aged varnishes or repainting (paints added to the original) based on the restorer’s experience and knowledge, as well as on different internationally accepted criteria for such interventions. In this chapter we are presenting an example of the adaptation of the response surface model to this field, which is complex and difficult to adapt to quantitative parameters and has never before been studied with this approach. Using the MODDE Go® experiment optimization and statistical design software, the effectiveness of cleaning pictorial works of art has been studied using various formulas composed mainly of water and a low-toxicity monoterpene: limonene. The model’s statistical validity is demonstrated, as well as its ability to determine the main factors that affect the cleaning by means of different responses (methods) to evaluate its effectiveness: an expert’s opinion using visible light and ultraviolet light, the amount of varnish removed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the effects on color, lightness and gloss. The main influential factors were the concentrations of the two main components of the proposed formulations, water and limonene, which regulate the cleaners’ level of hydrophilia and lipophilicity, followed by the types of pigments and type of varnish used, and aging. Using an in silico simulation, the proposed model also enables specific compositions to be formulated for different scenarios and cleaning applications that are potentially effective and harmless to the pictorial materials and the restorers’ health

Los primeros 1000 días: una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles

El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específicos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científica acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud pública. Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1, 000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health

Guía de recomendaciones sobre las dietas vegetarianas en niños

Existe un número cada vez mayor de personas que siguen una dieta vegetariana, también niños y adolescentes. Los motivos por lo que las familias eligen las dietas vegetarianas son diversos, en la mayoría de ocasiones por razones éticas o ecológicas. Aunque estas dietas, bien planeadas, pueden ser adecuadas para todas las etapas del ciclo vital, incluida la infancia y la adolescencia, se ha de garantizar una ingesta adecuada de nutrientes, en especial a medida que la dieta se vuelve más restringida (dietas veganas). El Comité de Nutrición de la AEP ha considerado de interés elaborar unas recomendaciones para el seguimiento de niños que siguen una dieta vegetariana. En este documento se repasan los alimentos que forman parte más frecuentemente de una dieta vegetariana, así como de los nutrientes en los que hay que prestar una atención especial (hierro, zinc, calcio, yodo, vitamina D, vitamina B12 y ácidos grasos polinsaturados n-3. Es imprescindible el suplemento de vitamina B12 oral, en forma de cianocobalamina, para todas las personas vegetarianas y veganas. Los niños y niñas que siguen dietas equilibradas y que están creciendo y desarrollándose con normalidad requieren los mismos controles de salud que cualquier otro niño sano. No obstante, habrá que prestar especial atención a las diferentes necesidades según las etapas de la vida en las que se realice una dieta vegetariana. There are an increasing number of subjects following a vegetarian diet, including children and adolescents. Most families follow this because of ecological or ethical reasons. Those diets, if well-planned, may be adequate in every life stage, including younger ages. Nevertheless, an adequate intake of all nutrients should be guaranteed, especially in more restricted diets (vegans). The Committee on Nutrition has decided to publish some guidelines for paediatricians who care for children following a vegetarian diet. In this paper more common foods used by vegetarians are reviewed, as well as those nutrients that need a special attention (iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and n-3 fatty acids). It is essential to provide supplemental B12 in all vegetarian subjects, including infants. Children on a balanced vegetarian diet, who are growing normally, do not require any specific health controls. Nevertheless, paediatricians should closely follow-up that every nutritional need is covered through all ages

Longer breastfeeding duration is associated with lower consumption of ultraprocessed foods in a sample of spanish preschoolers: The SENDO project

Background: Breastfeeding has been linked to a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables at ages 4 to 5 years. More recently, it has been suggested that it may also be associated with lower ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption in childhood. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether breastfeeding duration was associated with consumption of UPF in a sample of Mediterranean preschoolers. Design: This study involved a cross-sectional analysis of baseline information of children in the Child Follow-Up for Optimal Development cohort. Children were enrolled at ages 4 to 5 years and information was gathered through an online questionnaire completed by parents. Dietary information was collected with a previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and foods were classified based on the degree of processing according to the NOVA classification. Participants/setting: This study used baseline information for 806 participants enrolled in the Child Follow-Up for Optimal Development cohort between January 2015 and June 2021 in Spain. Main outcomes measures: Main study outcome measures were difference in grams per day and in the percentage of total energy intake from UPF consumption related to breastfeeding duration, and odds ratio that UPF represents a high percentage of total energy intake. Statistical analyses: Crude and multivariable adjusted estimates were calculated with generalized estimating equations to account for intracluster correlation between siblings. Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding in the sample was 84%. After adjusting for potential confounders, children who were breastfed for some time reported significantly lower consumption of UPF than children who were not breastfed at all. The mean differences were -19.2 g (95% CI -44.2 to 10.8) for children who were breastfed for <6 months, -42.5 g (95% CI -77.2 to -7.80) for those who were breastfed for 6 to 12 months, and -43.6 g (95% CI -79.8 to -7.48) for those who were breastfed for 12 months or more (P value for trend = 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with children who were not breastfed, those who were breastfed for ≥12 months had consistently lower odds of UPF representing more than 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of total energy intake. Conclusions: Breastfeeding is associated with lower consumption of UPF in Spanish preschoolers

Application of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Brewery by-Products for Biomethane and Bioenergy Production in a Biorefinery Concept

This study investigated the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of brewery by-products for biomethane and bioenergy recovery, focusing on operational performance evaluation, kinetic analysis, microbial metataxonomic, and metabolic function prediction. The biochemical methane potential was conducted under mesophilic (35 °C) and methanogenic conditions (pH 7.5) by mixing brewery wastewater and sludge from the brewery wastewater treatment plant (1:1, v/v), following the addition (2.5 – 12.5 %, w/v) of brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The results demonstrate that the highest methane yield (88.02 mL CH4/g TVS) was obtained with 12.5 % BSG, which was 20.66-fold higher than the control reactor operated with wastewater and sludge (4.26 mL CH4/g TVS). The bioenergy recovery from biomethane could generate electricity (0.348 kWh/kg TVS) and heat (1556 MJ/kg TVS), avoiding greenhouse gas emissions (0.114 kg CO2-eq/kg TVS). The microbial community dynamics revealed a predominance of Halobacterota, Chloroflexi, and Euryarchaeota phylum. The genera Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium, and the Anaerolineaceae family predominated in the AcoD process. The metabolic function prediction showed the presence of genes (K01895, K00193, K00625, and K00925) associated with the direct activation of acetate in the acetoclastic pathway and methane production. Finally, the data obtained provide a perspective on using brewery by-products for bioenergy production in a biorefinery concept, reducing the environmental impacts and contributing to the circular bioeconomy transition of the beer industry