LÓGICA DIDÁCTICA PARA LA FORMACIÓN CIENTÍFICO-PROFESIONAL EN LAS CARRERAS PEDAGÓGICAS (Revisión)

Departing from the analysis and Didactic considerations in reference to the scientific –professional formation and the limitations found in this process; the article is based on a logical which makes possible to better up the scientific formation. This research also supports the professional preparation of the future professors to develop their Scientific and professional abilities according to the particularities of the institution where they are located. One main characteristic is the logical foundation for the Scientific-investigative abilities: problematize, theorize and to assess the reality on this type of career. It also favors the previous conditions for its application on the different levels of education through the future professionals.A partir del análisis y las consideraciones didácticas acerca de la formación científico-profesional y de las limitaciones detectadas en este proceso, en el presente artículo se fundamenta una lógica que posibilita mejorar la eficiencia del trabajo en este tipo de formación. El mismo se apoya en la necesidad de preparar profesionales capaces de realizar su labor con mayor cientificidad, en correspondencia con las particularidades del proceso institucional que dirige. Una característica es la fundamentación lógica para las habilidades científico-investigativas problematizar, teorizar y comprobar la realidad en este tipo de carrera, así como las condiciones previas para su aplicación a través del reto de los futuros profesionales en el contexto de las distintas formas de organización de la docencia y su sistematización, así como la independencia y el enriquecimiento de las actividades investigativas

Corrosion behavior of boride diffusion layer on CoCrMo alloy surface

87-95In the present study, the corrosion behaviour of CoCrMo ASTM F75 alloy with boride diffusion layer and under simulated physiological conditions has been investigated using electrochemical methods. Corrosion has been analyzed using Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) curves. The corrosion resistance optimization of boride diffusion layer on ASTM F-75 alloy using a central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) has been studied. A boronizing thermochemical treatment has been carried out at different temperatures, time periods and paste mass. The roughness for samples subjected to boride annealing has been higher than that of the unboride sample. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement has shown that the boride layer of the sample at least consists of a mixture of CoB and CrB phases. The EIS and Tafel curves results have suggested that boride ASTM F75 alloy has not been a suitable candidate for orthopedics applications

A specific protein-enriched enteral formula decreases cortisolemia and improves plasma albumin and amino acid concentrations in elderly patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Old age is associated with an involuntary and progressive but physiological loss of muscle mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exclusive consumption for 6 months of a protein-enriched enteral diet with a relatively high content of branched-chain amino acids on albuminemia, cortisolemia, plasma amino acids, insulin resistance, and inflammation biomarkers in elderly patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-two patients from the Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Unit at our hospital exclusively consumed a protein-enriched enteral diet for 6 months. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and on plasma concentrations of amino acids, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, urea, creatinine, insulin resistance, and inflammation biomarkers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The percentage of patients with albumin concentration below normal cut-off values decreased from 18% to 0% by the end of the study. At 6 months, concentrations of total plasma (<it>p </it>= 0.008) and essential amino acids (<it>p </it>= 0.011), especially branched-chain amino acids (<it>p </it>= 0.031), were higher versus baseline values, whereas 3-methylhistidine (<it>p </it>= 0.001), cortisol (<it>p </it>= 0.001) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (<it>p </it>= 0.004) levels were lower.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Regular intake of specific protein-enriched enteral formula increases plasma essential amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, and decreases cortisol and 3-methylhistidine, while plasma urea and creatinine remain unchanged.</p

Non-invasive grading of astrocytic tumours from the relative contents of myo-inositol and glycine measured by in vivo MRS

Altres ajuts: INTERPRET (EU-IST1999-10310). This work was also partially funded by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, which is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) co-funded by EU FEDER funds.MRI and MRS are established methodologies for evaluating intracranial lesions. One MR spectral feature suggested for in vivo grading of astrocytic tumours is the apparent myo-Inositol (mI) intensity (ca 3.55ppm) at short echo times, although glycine (gly) may also contribute in vivo to this resonance. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the mI + gly contribution to the recorded spectral pattern in vivo and correlate it with in vitro data obtained from perchloric acid extraction of tumour biopsies. Patient spectra (n = 95) at 1.5T at short (20-31 ms) and long (135-136 ms) echo times were obtained from the INTERPRET MRS database (http://gabrmn.uab.es/interpretvalidateddb/). Phantom spectra were acquired with a comparable protocol. Spectra were automatically processed and the ratios of the (mI + gly) to Cr peak heights ((mI + gly)/Cr) calculated. Perchloric acid extracts of brain tumour biopsies were analysed by high-resolution NMR at 9.4T. The ratio (mI + gly)/Cr decreased significantly with astrocytic grade in vivo between low-grade astrocytoma (A2) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In vitro results displayed a somewhat different tendency, with anaplastic astrocytomas having significantly higher (mI + gly)/Cr than A2 and GBM. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro data suggests that the NMR visibility of glycine in glial brain tumours is restricted in vivo

Material híbrido a base de MgAl-Cloxacilina para la inhibición de Salmonella Typhi

Artículo número 31 de la Sección 3. Química de Materiales. NanoquímicaGracias al espacio interlaminar que poseen los hidróxidos dobles laminares, estos pueden actuar como matrices inorgánicas biocompatibles, hospedadoras de moléculas orgánicas, en específico fármacos, para mejorar la liberación o bien proteger de condiciones adversas. En este trabajo se estudió la síntesis del material híbrido MgAl-Cloxacilina para la inhibición de Salmonella typhi. Los materiales híbridos consistieron en la asociación de un hidróxido doble laminar inorgánico a base de MgAl, obtenido por el método de coprecipitación, con la molécula orgánica de cloxacilina, intercalada por el método de reconstrucción, los cuales fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos X, espectroscopia de IR por transformada de Fourier, análisis termogravimétrico y microscopía electrónica de barrido. La eficiencia de estos materiales fue probada en la evaluación de la actividad antibacterial de cultivos de cepas de Salmonella typhi. Se determinó que solo el material híbrido MgAl-Cloxacilina inhibió el crecimiento bacteriano en un 25% en 2 horas. Por lo tanto, la intercalación de cloxacilina juega un papel esencial en la inhibición de Salmonella typhi, considerando que la matriz inorgánica MgAl no exhibió propiedades antibacterianas.Thanks to the interlaminar space that the lamellar double hydroxides have, they can act as biocompatible inorganic matrices, hosts of organic molecules, specifically drugs, to improve the release or protect against adverse conditions. In this work, the synthesis of the MgAl-Cloxacillin hybrid material was studied to inhibit Salmonella typhi. The hybrid materials consisted of the association of an inorganic MgAl-based layered double hydroxide obtained by the coprecipitation method with the organic molecule of cloxacillin, intercalated by the reconstruction method, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The efficiency of these materials was tested by evaluating the antibacterial activity of cultures of Salmonella typhi strains. It was determined that only the MgAl-Cloxacillin hybrid material inhibited bacterial growth by 25% within 2 hours. Therefore, the intercalation of Cloxacillin plays an essential role in inhibiting Salmonella typhi, considering that the inorganic matrix MgAl did not exhibit antibacterial properties

Activity, a variable in the time : University of peace and reconciliation in 12 Commune of Medellín

La investigación indagó la relación entre actividad y tiempo, proponiendo cuatro categorías teóricas como hipótesis que, permiten el desarrollo en el proyecto arquitectónico en una Ciudad Universitaria en Medellín: Forma constante, Muerte, Arquitectura móvil y Contenedor. Esto ya que, la arquitectura contemporánea no presta atención a la vida útil del proyecto, es decir, en la actualidad, el objetivo de la disciplina está en proyectar espacios que perduren eternamente, omitiendo el tiempo como estrategia de composición. A partir de esto, la indagación abordó la composición del proyecto arquitectónico desde la definición formal de la relación actividad / tiempo. La investigación agrupo las reflexiones teóricas en un encargo que propicia y evidencia la actividad, el tiempo y el proyecto arquitectónico: una Ciudad Universitaria en la Comuna 12 de Medellín. El proceso metodológico, fue basado en tres aspectos: analizar, analogar y componer. Un proceso cíclico en el que, fue necesario analizar modelos paradigmáticos para componer y componer para analizar. La analogía proyectual al momento de analizar develó lógicas formales, para después asumir estrategias y operaciones relacionadas con el tiempo y la actividad. Los resultados de la investigación no están orientados en ofrecer instrumentos para lograr la permanencia en la eternidad, en cambio propone una postura consiente de la relación entre actividad y tiempo, para demostrar las reflexiones teóricas sobre la actividad y el tiempo en la composición de una Ciudad UniversitariaThe investigation inquired the association between activity and time in the architectural project in a University Campus in Medellín, since, contemporary architecture excludes this relation in the design process. In other words, at present, the discipline objective is to project spaces that will last forever, omitting time as a compositional strategy. From this, the research addressed the composition of the architectural project from the formal definition of the activity / time association. Grouping the study in a commission that promotes and demonstrates the activity, time and architectural project: A University Campus in the Commune 12 of Medellín. The methodological process was based on three aspects: analyze, analogy and compose. A cyclical process in which it is necessary to analyze paradigmatic models to compose and compose to analyze. The project analogy showed formal logics at the analyzing, then assume strategies and operations applied in the composition. The results of the research are not oriented to offer instruments to achieve permanence in eternity, instead proposes a conscientious position of the relationship between activity and time, to demonstrate the theoretical reflections on the activity and time in the composition of a University Campus

Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of primary health care professionals towards alcohol use: A national, cross-sectional study.

Introduction Primary care (PC) professionals' knowledge about alcohol use has been identified as one of the barriers PC providers face in their clinic. Both PC professionals’ level of training and attitude are crucial in the clinical practice regarding alcohol use. Objective To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices of Spanish PC physicians and nurses towards alcohol use. Design An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-center study. Methodology Location: PC centers of the Spanish National Health System (NHS). Participants: PC physicians and nurses selected randomly from health care centers, and by sending an e-mail to semFYC and SEMERGEN members. Healthcare providers completed an online survey on knowledge, attitude, and follow-up recommendations for reducing alcohol intake. A descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis was conducted (p<0.05). Results Participants: 1,760 healthcare providers completed the survey (75.6% [95% CI 73.5–77.6] family physicians; 11.4% [95% CI 9.9–12.9] medical residents; and 12.5% [95% CI 10.9–14.1] nurses), with a mean age of 44.7 (SD 11.24, range: 26–64, 95% CI: 47.2–48.2). Knowledge was higher in family physicians (p<0.001), older professionals (Spearman's r = 0.11, p<0.001), and resident trainers (p<0.001). The PC professional most likely to provide advice for reducing alcohol use was: a nurse (p <0.001), female (p = 0.010), between 46 and 55 years old (p <0.001). Conclusions PC providers’ knowledge and preventive practices regarding alcohol use are scarce, hence specific training strategies to increase their knowledge and improve their attitude and skills with regard to this health problem should be considered a healthcare policy priority.post-print507 K

APPLICATIONS PLATFORM FOR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS THROUGH MOBILE COMPUTING

In this paper, an application platform for delivering academic documents in electronic format through  mobile computing is presented. The platform is service-oriented students, where they can make the  request for an academic document such as: proof of enrollment, credits studied, average, among  others. A request can be issued from a mobile device via the GSM network using the short text  messages service (SMS). Also from an Android/iOS based application designed to connect through a  wireless network which shall request the document through a Web Service. The cost of transaction  will be charged from credit line applicant or via the PayPal system. Ending with the creation of the  PDF document (electronically signed) and sent to the email of student. SEDE will provide benefts to  both: users and service providers, as they can save on costs, improve response times for applications  and mainly the ecological impact by using less paper. KEYWORDS: Electronic document, Mobile Computing, Web Services, GSM, SMS, Android, iOS.En este artículo se presenta el diseño de una plataforma de aplicaciones para la emisión de documentos académicos de manera electrónica a través de computación móvil. La plataforma está orientada al servicio de los alumnos, donde puedan realizar la solicitud de algún documento académico tales como: constancias de inscripción, créditos cursados, promedio general, entre otros. Una solicitud puede emitirse desde un dispositivo móvil a través de la red GSM, mediante mensajes de texto cortos (SMS). También desde una aplicación basada en Android/iOS diseñada para conectarse a través de una red inalámbrica la cual solicitará el documento a través de un Web Service. El cobro de la transacción se descontará del crédito de la línea telefónica del solicitante o por el sistema de cobros PayPal©, fnalizando con la creación del documento en formato PDF (frmado electrónicamente) para su envío al correo electrónico del solicitante. SEDE aportará benefcios tanto a los usuarios como a los proveedores del servicio, ya que podrán ahorrar en costos, mejorar los tiempos de respuesta de las solicitudes y principalmente el impacto ecológico al utilizar menos papel.PALABRAS CLAVES: Documento electrónico, Cómputo Móvil, Servicios Web, GSM, SMS, Android, iOS.