Desarrollo de un sistema para determinación de las condiciones de perfusión en un sistema Langendorff

OBJETIVOS. Se propone el desarrollo de un sistema basado en transductores y microcontrolador para la medida de variables de un sistema Langendorff: presión, temperatura y caudal (adicionalmente podría incluirse el PH del líquido perfundido). Se trabajará en los Laboratorio del grupo BIO (IUI ITACA de la UPV), donde se programaría el sistema, y el Laboratorio de Fisiología (grupo GRELCA) de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universitat de València, en el que se realizaría la validación experimental. PLAN DE TRABAJO. FASES PRELIMINAR (100 h). Cuaderno de campo del TFG. Comprensión de la propuesta y contexto. Revisión bibliográfica y experiencias previas. Identificación de necesidades. Valoración de alternativas: selección. Atención a directrices para la memoria y presentación. Elección de la estructura de la memoria y contenidos. Primer control (Avances). DESARROLLO (180 h). Realización del diseño. Ejecución del montaje. Concepción y ejecución del protocolo de validación. Obtención de resultados y medidas. Redacción del Borrador de la memoria (íntegra y sin errores). Confección de diapositivas. Segundo control (Resultados). FINAL (40 h). Modificaciones memoria y diapositivas. Tercer control (Depósito): ensayo de la defensa y valoración del trabajoCanales Morejudo, A. (2017). Desarrollo de un sistema para determinación de las condiciones de perfusión en un sistema Langendorff. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/87704TFG

SÍNTESIS, CARACTERIZACIÓN Y PROPIEDADES CATALÍTICAS PARA LA OXIDACIÓN SELECTIVA DE PROPANO DE ÓXIDOS MIXTOS DE METALES DE TRANSICIÓN TIPO BRONCES

Resumen La presente tesis doctoral muestra un estudio sobre la síntesis y caracterización de bronces basados en óxidos metálicos de Mo y V, para ser empleados como catalizadores en la reacción de oxidación parcial de propano a ácido acrílico. La preparación de sólidos basados en óxidos mixtos MoVSb, MoVTe y MoVTeNb, se ha llevado a cabo mediante síntesis hidrotermal. Los materiales fueron finalmente activados térmicamente, en atmósfera inerte, para obtener catalizadores activos y selectivos en la oxidación parcial de propano. El estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas de estos materiales (antes y después de la etapa de activación térmica) se ha llevado a cabo mediante el empleo combinado de diversas técnicas de caracterización: adsorción de N2, DRX, FTIR, Raman, microscopía electrónica (SEM/HREM), así como con la determinación de las características redox y/o ácidas superficiales (XPS, TPD-NH3, o la adsorción de moléculas sonda mediante espectroscopia infrarroja). En primer lugar, se ha estudiado la incorporación de un metal promotor en la síntesis de óxidos mixtos MoVTeO. La incorporación de promotores en el gel de síntesis afecta a la distribución de fases cristalinas y al comportamiento catalítico de los materiales dependiendo de la naturaleza del metal incorporado. Únicamente en el caso de la incorporación de Ca, Ga o Nb se ha observado una mejora en las propiedades catalíticas de los materiales. Especialmente, cabe destacar que, además del niobio (elemento promotor ya conocido), la incorporación de galio mejora sustancialmente la selectividad a ácido acrílico durante la oxidación de propano con estos materiales. Así, se han conseguido obtener catalizadores promovidos con galio con rendimientos catalíticos superiores a los obtenidos con los catalizadores ternarios de partida. Posteriormente, se ha estudiado la influencia de los dos parámetros importantes en la síntesis de óxidos mixtos (MoVSbO, MoVTeO y MoVTeNbO): i) la temperatura de síntesis hidrotermal yHernández Morejudo, S. (2012). SÍNTESIS, CARACTERIZACIÓN Y PROPIEDADES CATALÍTICAS PARA LA OXIDACIÓN SELECTIVA DE PROPANO DE ÓXIDOS MIXTOS DE METALES DE TRANSICIÓN TIPO BRONCES [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1688

Catalytic VOCs elimination over copper and cerium oxide modified mesoporous SBA-15 silica

[EN] Copper and cerium oxide bi-component materials with different Cu/Ce ratio were prepared using ordered SBA-15 silica as a support and compared with their bulk analogs. The samples were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and TPR with hydrogen. Cyclohexanol conversion was used as a catalytic test to obtain more information for the surface properties of the supported materials. The catalytic properties of the samples were studied in VOCs oxidation using toluene and ethyl acetate as probe molecules. A strong effect of mesoporous silica support and samples composition on the formation of catalytic sites was established. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support of Bulgarian Academy of Science and National Scientific Fond of Ministry of Education Projects DTK 02/64 and ДНTC/Киtай 01/8, financial support from DGICYT in Spain (Project CTQ-2009-14495) and bilateral project Bulgarian-Spain Inter-academic Exchange Agreement (Project 2009BG0002) are acknowledged.Tsoncheva, T.; Issa, G.; Blasco Lanzuela, T.; Dimitrov, M.; Popova, M.; Hernández Morejudo, S.; Kovacheva, D.... (2013). Catalytic VOCs elimination over copper and cerium oxide modified mesoporous SBA-15 silica. Applied Catalysis A General. 453:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.12.007S11245

Direct conversion of methane to aromatics in a catalytic co-ionic membrane reactor

[EN] Nonoxidative methane dehydroaromatization (MDA: 6CH(4) C6H6 + 9H(2)) using shape-selective Mo/zeolite catalysts is a key technology for exploitation of stranded natural gas reserves by direct conversion into transportable liquids. However, this reaction faces two major issues: The one-pass conversion is limited by thermodynamics, and the catalyst deactivates quickly through kinetically favored formation of coke. We show that integration of an electrochemical BaZrO3-based membrane exhibiting both proton and oxide ion conductivity into an MDA reactor gives rise to high aromatic yields and improved catalyst stability. These effects originate from the simultaneous extraction of hydrogen and distributed injection of oxide ions along the reactor length. Further, we demonstrate that the electrochemical co-ionic membrane reactor enables high carbon efficiencies (up to 80%) that improve the technoeconomic process viability.This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grants 195912, 210418, 210765, and 219194) and the Spanish government (grants SEV-2012-0267 and ENE2014-57651). We thank the ALBA Synchrotron Light Laboratory for beam time provision. C.K. and P.K.V. have applied for a patent based on this work (PCT/EP2014/071697). Experimental data are available online at ftp://itqrepositorio.itq.upv.es/pub/.Hernández Morejudo, S.; Zanón González, R.; Escolástico Rozalén, S.; Yuste Tirados, I.; Malerod Fjeld, H.; Vestre, PK.; Coors, WG.... (2016). Direct conversion of methane to aromatics in a catalytic co-ionic membrane reactor. Science. 353(6299):563-566. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0274S563566353629

Thermo-electrochemical production of compressed hydrogen from methane with near-zero energy loss

[EN] Conventional production of hydrogen requires large industrial plants to minimize energy losses and capital costs associated with steam reforming, water-gas shift, product separation and compression. Here we present a protonic membrane reformer (PMR) that produces high-purity hydrogen from steam methane reforming in a single-stage process with near-zero energy loss. We use a BaZrO3-based proton-conducting electrolyte deposited as a dense film on a porous Ni composite electrode with dual function as a reforming catalyst. At 800 degrees C, we achieve full methane conversion by removing 99% of the formed hydrogen, which is simultaneously compressed electrochemically up to 50 bar. A thermally balanced operation regime is achieved by coupling several thermo-chemical processes. Modelling of a small-scale (10 kg H-2 day-1) hydrogen plant reveals an overall energy efficiency of >87%. The results suggest that future declining electricity prices could make PMRs a competitive alternative for industrial-scale hydrogen plants integrating CO2 capture.This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant 256264) and the Spanish Government (SEV-2016-0683 grant).Malerød-Fjeld, H.; Clark, D.; Yuste Tirados, I.; Zanón González, R.; Catalán-Martínez, D.; Beeaff, D.; Hernández Morejudo, S.... (2017). Thermo-electrochemical production of compressed hydrogen from methane with near-zero energy loss. Nature Energy. 2(12):923-931. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0029-4S923931212Morejudo, S. H. et al. Direct conversion of methane to aromatics in a catalytic co-ionic membrane reactor. Science 353, 563–566 (2016).Chu, S. & Majumdar, A. Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature 488, 294–303 (2012).Logan, B. E. & Elimelech, M. Membrane-based processes for sustainable power generation using water. Nature 488, 313–319 (2012).Rostrup-Nielsen, J. R. 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Mater. 14, 205–209 (2015).Myung, J.-h, Neagu, D., Miller, D. N. & Irvine, J. T. S. Switching on electrocatalytic activity in solid oxide cells. Nature 537, 528–531 (2016).Iwahara, H., Uchida, H., Ono, K. & Ogaki, K. Proton conduction in sintered oxides based on BaCeO3. J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 529–533 (1988).Hamakawa, S., Hibino, T. & Iwahara, H. Electrochemical methane coupling using proton conductors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 459–462 (1993).Bonanos, N., Knight, K. S. & Ellis, B. Perovskite solid electrolytes: structure, transport properties and fuel cell applications. Solid State Ion. 79, 161–170 (1995).Norby, T. Solid-state protonic conductors: principles, properties, progress and prospects. Solid State Ion. 125, 1–11 (1999).Kreuer, K. D. On the development of proton conducting materials for technological applications. Solid State Ion. 97, 1–15 (1997).Kreuer, K. D. Aspects of the formation and mobility of protonic charge carriers and the stability of perovskite-type oxides. Solid State Ion. 125, 285–302 (1999).Kreuer, K. D. Proton-conducting oxides. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 33, 333–359 (2003).Tao, S. W. & Irvine, J. T. S. A stable, easily sintered proton-conducting oxide electrolyte for moderate-temperature fuel cells and electrolyzers. Adv. Mater. 18, 11581-1584 (2006).Wang, H., Peng, R., Wu, X., Hu, J. & Xia, C. Sintering behavior and conductivity study of yttrium-doped BaCeO3–BaZrO3 solid solutions using ZnO additives. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92, 2623–2629 (2009).Coors, W. G. in Advances in Ceramics—Synthesis and Characterization, Processing and Specific Applications (Ed. Sikalidis, C.) Ch. 22, 501–520 (InTech, UK, 2011) (2011).Manabe, R. et al. Surface protonics promotes catalysis. Sci. Rep. 6, 38007, (2016).Rohland, B., Eberle, K., Ströbel, R., Scholta, J. & Garche, J. Electrochemical hydrogen compressor. Electrochimica Acta 43, 3841–3846 (1998).Kochetova, N., Animitsa, I., Medvedev, D., Demin, A. & Tsiakaras, P. Recent activity in the development of proton-conducting oxides for high-temperature applications. RSC Adv. 6, 73222–73268 (2016).Yamazaki, Y. et al. Proton trapping in yttrium-doped barium zirconate. Nat. Mater. 12, 647–651 (2013).Kjølseth, C. et al. Space-charge theory applied to the grain boundary impedance of proton conducting BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ . Solid State Ion. 181, 268–275 (2010).Coors, W. G A stoichiometric titration method for measuring galvanic hydrogen flux in ceramic hydrogen separation membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 458, 245–253 (2014).Zeppieri, M., Villa, P. L., Verdone, N., Scarsella, M. & De Filippis, P. Kinetic of methane steam reforming reaction over nickel- and rhodium-based catalysts. Appl. Catal. A 387, 147–154 (2010).Wang, B., Zhu, J. & Lin, Z. A theoretical framework for multiphysics modeling of methane fueled solid oxide fuel cell and analysis of low steam methane reforming kinetics. Appl. Energy 176, 1–11 (2016).Overview of Electricity Production and Use in Europe (European Environment Agency, 2016).Edwards, R., Larive, J.-F., Rickeard, D. & Weindorf, W. Well-To-Wheels Analysis of Future Automotive Fuels and Powertrains in the European Context, Well-to-Tank Report Version 4.a, JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis (Joint Research Centre, 2014).Cho, V. H., Hamilton, B. A. & Kuehn, N. J. Assessment of Hydrogen Production with CO 2 Capture Volume 1: Baseline State-of-the-Art Plants (National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2010).Schjølberg, I. et al. Small-Scale Reformers for On-Site Hydrogen Supply (International Energy Agency-Hydrogen Implementing Agreement, 2012).de Visser, E. et al. Dynamis CO2 quality recommendations. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control 2, 478–484 (2008).Bertucciolo, L. et al. Development of Water Electrolysis in the European Union (Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, 2014).Edwards, R. et al. 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Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior for propanepartial oxidation of Ga-promoted MoVTeO catalysts

[EN] Two sets of Ga-promoted MoVTeO catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally and heat-treated at 600 degrees C in N-2: (i) materials prepared from gels with Mo/V/Te/Ga atomic ratios of 1/0.60/0.17/x (x=0-0.12) (A-series) and (ii) materials prepared from gels with Mo/V/Te/Ga atomic ratios of 1/0.60-x/0.17/x (x=0.15 or 0.25) (B-series). In addition, a Ga-containing MoVTeO catalyst was also prepared from M1-containing MoVTeO material by impregnation with aqueous solution of gallium and heat-treated at 450 degrees C in N-2. Catalysts were characterized by means of powder XRD, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, NH3-TPD and XPS and tested in the partial oxidation of propane. The results showed that the addition of small amount of gallium significantly increase the selectivity to acrylic acid (AA) at low propane conversion. However, at high propane conversion, the selectivity to AA strongly depends on both the catalyst composition and the gallium incorporation method. The higher selectivity to acrylic acid over Ga-containing MoVTeO catalysts has been related to: (i) structural changes in the M1 phase by the incorporation of Ga3+ into the octahedral structural framework and/or (ii) incorporation of Ga3+ species on the catalyst surface thus modifying catalysts acid properties. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support from DGICYT in Spain (Project CTQ2012-37925-C03-1 and Program Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0267) is gratefully acknowledged. EGG acknowledges finantial support through spanish project MAT2010-19837-C06-05 and the ICTS-Microscopia Electronica in Madrid for facilities.Hernández Morejudo, S.; Massó Ramírez, A.; García-González, E.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; López Nieto, JM. (2015). Preparation, characterization and catalytic behavior for propanepartial oxidation of Ga-promoted MoVTeO catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General. 504:51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.12.039S516150

Lanthanum tungstate membranes for H-2 extraction and CO2 utilization: Fabrication strategies based on sequential tape casting and plasma-spray physical vapor deposition

[EN] In the context of energy conversion efficiency and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions from power generation and energy-intensive industries, membrane technologies for H-2 extraction and CO2 capture and utilization become pronouncedly important. Mixed protonic-electronic conducting ceramic membranes are hence attractive for the pre-combustion integrated gasification combined cycle, specifically in the water gas shift and H-2 separation process, and also for designing catalytic membrane reactors. This work presents the fabrication, microstructure and functional properties of Lanthanum tungstates (La28-xW4+xO54+delta, LaWO) asymmetric membranes supported on porous ceramic and porous metallic substrates fabricated by means of the sequential tape casting route and plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD). Pure LaWO and W site substituted LaWO were employed as membrane materials due to the promising combination of properties: appreciable mixed protonic-electronic conductivity at intermediate temperatures and reducing atmospheres, good sinterability and noticeable chemical stability under harsh operating conditions. As substrate materials porous LaWO (non-substituted), MgO and Crofer22APU stainless steel were used to support various LaWO membrane layers. The effect of fabrication parameters and material combinations on the assemblies' microstructure, LaWO phase formation and gas tightness of the functional layers was explored along with the related fabrication challenges for shaping LaWO layers with sufficient quality for further practical application. The two different fabrication strategies used in the present work allow for preparing all-ceramic and ceramic-metallic assemblies with LaWO membrane layers with thicknesses between 25 and 60 mu m and H-2 flux of ca. 0.4 ml/min cm(2) measured at 825 degrees C in 50 vol% H-2 in He dry feed and humid Ar sweep configuration. Such a performance is an exceptional achievement for the LaWO based H-2 separation membranes and it is well comparable with the H-2 flux reported for other newly developed dual phase cer-cer and cer-met membranes.ProtOMem Project under the BMBF grant 03SF0537 is gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, the authors thank Ralf Laufs for his assistance in operating the PS-PVD facility. Dr. A. Schwedt from the Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (Gemeinschaftslabor fur Elektronenmikroskopie GFE), RWTH Aachen University is acknowledged for performing the EBSD analysis on the PS-PVD samples.Ivanova, ME.; Deibert, W.; Marcano, D.; Escolástico Rozalén, S.; Mauer, G.; Meulenberg, WA.; Bram, M.... (2019). Lanthanum tungstate membranes for H-2 extraction and CO2 utilization: Fabrication strategies based on sequential tape casting and plasma-spray physical vapor deposition. Separation and Purification Technology. 219:100-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.015S100112219A.A. Evers, The hydrogen society, More than just a vision? ISBN 978-3-937863-31-3, Hydrogeit Verlag, 16727 Oberkraemer, Germany, 2010.Deibert, W., Ivanova, M. E., Baumann, S., Guillon, O., & Meulenberg, W. A. (2017). Ion-conducting ceramic membrane reactors for high-temperature applications. Journal of Membrane Science, 543, 79-97. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.016Arun C. 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Nature Energy, 2(12), 923-931. doi:10.1038/s41560-017-0029-4J. Franz, Energetic and economic analysis of CO2 retention in coal gasification power plants by means of polymer and ceramic membranes (dissertation, German), Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, Shaker Verlag, 2013.Franz, J., & Scherer, V. (2011). Impact of ceramic membranes for CO2 separation on IGCC power plant performance. Energy Procedia, 4, 645-652. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.100E. Forster, dissertation, Thermal stability of ceramic membranes and catalysts for H2-separation in CO-shift reactors, Energy and Environment Band, vol. 284, ISBN 978-3-95806-084-5, RUB 2015.Escolástico, S., Stournari, V., Malzbender, J., Haas-Santo, K., Dittmeyer, R., & Serra, J. M. (2018). Chemical stability in H2S and creep characterization of the mixed protonic conductor Nd5.5WO11.25-δ. 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Stiegel, in: Proceedings of the 5th ICIM, A-410, Nagoya, Japan, 1998.Qi, X. (2000). Electrical conduction and hydrogen permeation through mixed proton–electron conducting strontium cerate membranes. Solid State Ionics, 130(1-2), 149-156. doi:10.1016/s0167-2738(00)00281-2Zhan, S., Zhu, X., Ji, B., Wang, W., Zhang, X., Wang, J., … Lin, L. (2009). Preparation and hydrogen permeation of SrCe0.95Y0.05O3−δ asymmetrical membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 340(1-2), 241-248. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2009.05.037Song, S. (2004). Hydrogen permeability of SrCe1−xMxO3−δ (x=0.05, M=Eu, Sm). Solid State Ionics, 167(1-2), 99-105. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2003.12.010Wei, X., Kniep, J., & Lin, Y. S. (2009). Hydrogen permeation through terbium doped strontium cerate membranes enabled by presence of reducing gas in the downstream. Journal of Membrane Science, 345(1-2), 201-206. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2009.08.041CHENG, S., GUPTA, V., & LIN, J. (2005). 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Desarrollo de un procedimiento de análisis en foros virtuales

La comunicación entre personas ha permitido una mayor velocidad en la evolución del ser humano, por ello, han surgido diversas formas de análisis textual y gestual. Este proyecto abarca el desarrollo de un sistema de análisis textual centrado en los foros virtuales y concretamente en el espacio de aprendizaje de Moodle correspondiente a la asignatura de Sistemas Operativos en el curso académico 2013/2014 en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) de la Escuela de Ingeniería Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación (ETSIST). Este sistema no se centra en volver a crear una nueva herramienta desde el principio, sino que se ha realizado un estudio de la red del foro, teniendo en cuenta los condicionantes tecnológicos existentes en el análisis textual, y se ha seleccionado una herramienta open-source ya existente, denominada KH Coder. Además, se ha creado una aplicación capaz de convertir los datos ofrecidos por la ETSIST en información válida para la herramienta seleccionada. También se han tenido en cuenta los aspectos económicos, creando un sistema rentable y barato pero que cumple las especificaciones necesarias descritas en el proyecto. Para el desarrollo del sistema se ha empleado una metodología en cascada, ordenando rigurosamente las etapas que han sido desarrolladas, donde se han analizado los requerimientos y las especificaciones necesarias, se ha realizado el diseño del sistema describiendo los subsistemas, componentes e interfaces del mismo, se han efectuado las pruebas necesarias para su correcto funcionamiento y se han analizado los datos, extrayendo los resultados y las conclusiones de los mismos. La herramienta permite, a través de una interfaz intuitiva, extraer grandes cantidades de información, relacionar temas y dudas, extraer las palabras clave y las más empleadas por los participantes del foro y obtener tanto diagramas jerárquicos como diagramas de concurrencia entre palabras, así como buscar palabras y conocer su contexto. Todo esto permite al usuario poseer una visión más global de la información y simplificar toda la información que existe conforme a sus necesidades. Abstract: Human communication is one of the factors that make humanity evolve. Therefore, different ways of textual and gestural analysis have appeared. The aim of this project, titled “Development of an analysis procedure in virtual forums”, is the design and implementation of a system able to analyze textually a virtual forum, specifically the one used in the academic Moodle space of the Operating Systems course during the academic year 2013/2014 at the ETSIST of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Technical University of Madrid). I have not implement a new tool from scratch, Instead, I have studied the forum’s network, keeping in mind that there are technological constraints related to textual analysis, and then I have selected an already existing open-source tool named KH Coder. In addition, I have created an application able to convert the data offered by the ETSIST into a valid format for the selected tool. I have also considered the economic aspects and I have created an inexpensive system that achieves the goals described in the project. For the development of the system, I have used a cascade methodology and I have strictly ordered its stages, including the requirements analysis, the system design and the description of the subsystems, components and interfaces. I have made the necessary tests to verify the correct operation of the system and I have analyzed the data, extracted the results and obtained the conclusions. The tool allows, through an intuitive interface, to acquire large amounts of data, to relate lessons and students’ doubts, to extract the keywords and words most used by the participants of the forum and to obtain hierarchical and concurrence diagrams between words, as well as to look up words and know their context. All these functions allow the users to have a more global vision of the data and thus simplify all the information that exists and adapt it to their needs

Investigació de mercats en productes d'alimentació

En aquest projecte es pretén explicar la feina realitzada al departament d'estadística d'una empresa d'estudis de mercat on estem especialitzats en la investigació de productes d'alimentació i begudes.Es tracta de mostrar a partir de dues fonts d'informació, una es un panel d'experts i l'altre consumidors inexperts agafats a l'atzar pel carrer, de veure com millorar un producte o com trobar un forat al mercat on poder treure un nou producte que encara no existeixi