Development of the RF Ion Sources for Focused Ion Beam Accelerators

The paper presents the results of investigations of ion sources developed in the IAP of NAS of Ukraine for generation of high brightness ion beams with small energy spread. A series of RF ion sources operated at the frequency of 27.12 MHz were studied: the inductive RF ion source, the helicon ion source, the multi-cusp RF ion source, and the sputter type RF source of metal ions. A global model and transformer model were applied for calculation of RF source plasma parameters. Ion energy spread, ion mass, and ion current density of some sources were measured in the wide range of RF power, extraction voltage and gas pres-sure. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3555

Genitourinary tuberculosis in the structure of autopsy morphological findings in deceased patients at the late stages of HIV infection

Introduction. The problem of tuberculosis (TB) has not lost its significance due to the overlapping epidemic of HIV infection and the addition of specific lesions at its late stages. It is due to the lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a large number of patients. The high mortality rate in HIV-associated TB requires an increase in the interest of all doctors for the early detection of various TB localizations against the background of HIV, allowing the patient to be cured. For urologists, information on the frequency of genitourinary TB in HIV patients is of interest to improve its diagnosis.Purpose of the study. To identify the proportion of genitourinary TB in the structure of the specific lesions in patients with HIV-associated TB.Materials and methods. The case-records of 115 deceased patients with a combination of HIV infection and TB were retrospectively analyzed using a continuous method. The number of men among them was 81.7 ± 3.6% (94). The average age of men was 37.1 ± 27.2 years, women — 31.9 ± 6.3 years. The research results were processed statistically.Results. The average period from the moment of HIV infection detection to the registration of a lethal outcome was 2.8 ± 1.3 years, from the moment of TB diagnosis — 6.96 ± 7.3 years. The majority of patients with HIV infection had a stage of secondary diseases (93.1 ± 2.4%). At the time of admission to the TB dispensary, the average CD4 + lymphocyte level was 131.06 ± 75.8 cells/pL, 10.03 ± 2.5%. Anti-retroviral therapy was observed only in 19 (16.5 ± 3.5%) patients. In deceased patients disseminated pulmonary TB was more often verified at autopsy — 52.2 ± 4.7%, miliary — 7.8 ± 2.5%, infiltrative — 11.3 ± 3.0%. In patients with disseminated and miliary pulmonary TB, foci of dropout were often observed in the spleen (71.7 ± 5.8% and 55.6 ± 16.6%) and liver (46.7 ± 6.4% and 33.3 ± 15,7%). The kidney damage occurred in 60.0 ± 6.3% of patients with disseminated and 44.4 ± 16.6% miliary pulmonary TB. Kidneys TB was confirmed by bacterioscopic urine examination in three cases only (2.6 ± 1.5%) during life. Prostate TB was confirmed by analysis of expressed prostatic secretion on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2.6 ± 1.5%) and was combined with kidney TB. The lesions of the lymphatic system during life were exposed in 17.4 ± 3.5% of patients. A pathomorphological examination revealed TB of intrathoracic lymph nodes in 37.4 ± 4.5%, intra-abdominal lymph nodes — in 22.6 ± 3.9%, peripheral — 6.1 ± 2.2%, more often in miliary and disseminated pulmonary TB. TB meningitis was registered in 31 cases as well as meningoencephalitis in 32 patients during life and at autopsy, respectively. Intestinal TB was confirmed by autopsy in 9.6 ± 2.7% of patients; during life, it was accompanied by the detection of the pathogen in the feces. The pancreatic TB was detected in 2.6 ± 1.5%, TB spondylodiscitis in 1.7 ± 1.2%, myocardial TB in 0.9 ± 0.9% and pericardium TB in 0.9 ± 0.9% cases.Conclusion. Thus, generalized TB is diagnosed in patients in the late stages of HIV infection, in the structure of which kidney damage is in second place, yielded only to spleen damage. Obtaining this information should form the alertness of urologists in terms of detecting and diagnosing genitourinary TB in patients with HIV infection

Клинические формы туберкулёза у детей с соматической и инфекционной патологией

The analysis of influence of difference pathology at children on structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis will allow to create approaches to prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Our retrospective research included 1165 children from 0 to 14 years with tuberculosis. Predisposition to development of tuberculosis of respiratory organs in children with the accompanying infectious pathology (90,3%) and with a combination infectious and somatic (93,6%) (χ²= 16,161, р = 0,000). The children with the isolated somatic pathology had the lowest indicators of a lesion of respiratory organs tuberculosis (84%). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is bound to existence of somatic pathology (8%) (χ²= 9,598, р = 0,029).Проведен анализ влияния сопутствующей патологии у детей на структуру клинических форм туберкулеза. В ретроспективное исследование включены 1165 детей от 0 до 14 лет с туберкулёзом. Отмечена предрасположенность к развитию туберкулёза органов дыхания у детей с сопутствующей инфекционной патологией (90,3%) и с сочетанием инфекционной и соматической (93,6%) (χ²= 16,161, р = 0,000). При этом дети только с соматической патологией имели более низкий процент поражения органов дыхания туберкулёзом (84%). Внелегочный туберкулёз связан с наличием соматической патологии (8%) и редко возникал у детей с сопутствующими инфекционными болезнями (5,4%)(χ²= 9,598, р = 0,029)

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОТИВОТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНОЙ И АНТИРЕТРОВИРУСНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ С ВИЧ -ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ

In the territory of the Omsk region HIV infection and tuberculosis at patients come to light at the same time (61,0%) more often. Combination of these two infectious diseases men (81,5%), aged from 30 till 39 years (45,0%) at which the parenteral way of infection (87,3%) HIV infection prevailed are subject to a thicket. Tuberculosis, in this group of patients came to light at early stages of HIV infection (74,5%) that affected frequent percent of infiltrative tuberculosis of lungs (45,5%). Among patients tuberculosis in a combination HIV infection the low motivation to treatment met, however at an assessment of efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis data similar to those at patients with the isolated tuberculosis were obtained. From treatment we explain good effect with a combination of antitubercular therapy with antiretrovirus.На территории Омской области ВИЧ-инфекция и туберкулез у больных чаще выявляются одновременно (61,0%). Сочетанием этих двух инфекционных заболеваний чаще подвержены мужчины (81,5%) в возрасте от 30 до 39 лет (45,0%), с преобладанием парентерального пути заражения ВИЧ (87,3%). Туберкулез в данной группе больных выявлялся на ранних стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции (74,5%), что повлияло на высокий процент инфильтративного туберкулеза легких (45,5%) в структуре клинических форм. Среди больных туберкулезом в сочетании с ВИЧ-инфекцией встречалась низкая мотивация к лечению, однако при оценке эффективности лечения туберкулеза были получены данные, сопоставимые с таковыми у больных с изолированным туберкулезом

Изучение связи сопутствующих заболеваний с переносимостью химиотерапии у детей с активным туберкулезом: результаты ретроспективного когортного исследования

Background: It is known that concomitant diseases in adults with TB contribute to the development of intolerance to chemotherapy.Objective: Our aim was to examine the association of concomitant diseases in children with tuberculosis with TB treatment tolerability.Methods: Analyzing of the adverse events (AE) occurrence frequency in the background of the standard (RF Ministry of Health order № 109) treatment with anti-TB drugs in a continuous retrospective cohort research. AE were considered to be drug-induced hepatitis, gastritis, neurotoxic and allergic reactions.Results: The authors analyzed the results of treatment of 231 children with active TB at the age from 0 to 14 years, 186 (80.5%) of which had concomitant somatic diseases. On the background of anti-tuberculosis therapy in hospital, 69 (37%) children with concomitant diseases and 22 (49%) children of the comparison group (p = 0.200) had AE. Differences in the structure of AE between the groups were not found. The most common AE were drug-induced hepatitis: they occurred in 58 (25%) children. The risk of AE on the background of anti-TB therapy was lower among girls and higher during treatment with cycloserine and fluoroquinolones.Conclusion: Concomitant diseases in children with active TB are not associated with the development of AE on the background of the anti-TB drugs therapy.Известно, что сопутствующие заболевания у взрослых больных туберкулезом способствуют развитию непереносимости химиотерапии.Цель исследования: изучить связь сопутствующей патологии у больных туберкулезом детей с переносимостью противотуберкулезной терапии.Методы: в сплошном ретроспективном когортном исследовании анализировали частоту возникновения нежелательных явлений (НЯ) на фоне стандартной (приказ МЗ РФ № 109) терапии противотуберкулезными препаратами. За НЯ считали лекарственные гепатиты, гастриты, нейротоксические и аллергические реакции.Результаты: проанализированы результаты лечения 231 ребенка с активным туберкулезом в возрасте от 0 до 14 лет, из них 186 (80,5%) — с сопутствующими соматическими заболеваниями. На фоне противотуберкулезной терапии в стационаре НЯ были зафиксированы у 69 (37%) детей с сопутствующей патологией и у 22 (49%) — в группе сравнения (р = 0,200). Различий в структуре НЯ между группами не обнаружено. Наиболее часто встречающимися НЯ были лекарственные гепатиты: всего развились у 58 (25%) детей. Риск развития НЯ на фоне противотуберкулезной терапии был ниже у девочек, выше — на фоне применения циклосерина и фторхинолонов.Заключение: наличие сопутствующих заболеваний у детей с активным туберкулезом не связано с развитием НЯ при применении противотуберкулезных препаратов

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ И ГЕНДЕРНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЙ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРОТИВОТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНОГО СТАЦИОНАРА

591 lethal cases among patients of TB dispensary were analyzed with relevance to gender and HIV status; the part of patients with TB/HIV co-infection made 38.4% with absolute prevalence of men among those died (82.2%). It has been found out that those died due to HIV infection suffered mostly from disseminated and miliary tuberculosis  and HIV negative patients had fibrous cavernous and infiltrate tuberculosis. No impact of gender on the form of pulmonary tuberculosis was detected in HIV positive patients, and infiltrate form of tuberculosis was confidently the most common cause of death in female HIV negative patients. Generalized tuberculosis confidently developed more often in HIV positive patients, male patients had more severe lesions with the higher frequency of meningocephalites. The cause of death in those with TB/HIV infection was the progressing disease with no antiretroviral therapy  in the majority of cases regardless of gender.Проведен  анализ  591 случая летального исхода у пациентов  противотуберкулезного диспансера в зависимости  от гендерной принадлежности и ВИЧ-инфекции, доля пациентов  с сочетанием  ВИЧ/туберкулез составила  38,4%, с абсолютным  преобладанием  мужчин среди умерших (82,2%). Выявлено, что у лиц, умерших от ВИЧ-инфекции, чаще регистрировался диссеминированный и милиарный  туберкулез, а у пациентов  без ВИЧ-инфекции – фиброзно-кавернозный и инфильтративный туберкулез.  При этом влияния гендерных различий  на формирование форм легочного туберкулеза  у больных с ВИЧ-инфекцией не выявлено, а у пациентов без ВИЧ-инфекции женского пола достоверно чаще причиной смерти выступал инфильтративный туберкулез. Генерализация туберкулеза достоверно чаще развивалась у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией, у лиц мужского пола варианты поражения были более тяжелыми с большей частотой менингоэнцефалитов. У лиц с коинфекцией причиной смерти являлось прогрессирование заболевания на фоне отсутствия антиретровирусной терапии в подавляющем большинстве случаев независимо от гендерной принадлежности