Bell inequalities as constraints on unmeasurable correlations

The interpretation of the violation of Bell-Clauser-Horne inequalities is revisited, in relation with the notion of extension of QM predictions to unmeasurable correlations. Such extensions are compatible with QM predictions in many cases, in particular for observables with compatibility relations described by tree graphs. This implies classical representability of any set of correlations , , , and the equivalence of the Bell-Clauser-Horne inequalities to a non void intersection between the ranges of values for the unmeasurable correlation associated to different choices for B. The same analysis applies to the Hardy model and to the "perfect correlations" discussed by Greenberger, Horne, Shimony and Zeilinger. In all the cases, the dependence of an unmeasurable correlation on a set of variables allowing for a classical representation is the only basis for arguments about violations of locality and causality.Comment: Some modifications have been done in order to improve clarity of presentation and comparison with other approache

Towards a Generalized Distribution Formalism for Gauge Quantum Fields

We prove that the distributions defined on the Gelfand-Shilov spaces, and hence more singular than hyperfunctions, retain the angular localizability property. Specifically, they have uniquely determined support cones. This result enables one to develop a distribution-theoretic techniques suitable for the consistent treatment of quantum fields with arbitrarily singular ultraviolet and infrared behavior. The proofs covering the most general case are based on the use of the theory of plurisubharmonic functions and Hormander's estimates.Comment: 12 p., Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow 117924, Russi

Charges in Gauge Theories

In this article we investigate charged particles in gauge theories. After reviewing the physical and theoretical problems, a method to construct charged particles is presented. Explicit solutions are found in the Abelian theory and a physical interpretation is given. These solutions and our interpretation of these variables as the true degrees of freedom for charged particles, are then tested in the perturbative domain and are demonstrated to yield infra-red finite, on-shell Green's functions at all orders of perturbation theory. The extension to collinear divergences is studied and it is shown that this method applies to the case of massless charged particles. The application of these constructions to the charged sectors of the standard model is reviewed and we conclude with a discussion of the successes achieved so far in this programme and a list of open questions.Comment: 47 pages, LaTeX, 14 figures, uses feynmp, necessary Metapost files included. Review to appear in Pramana, Journal of Physics. Minor LaTeX change to make page numbers visible on "Letter" paper forma

Ventilation and outcomes following robotic-assisted abdominal surgery: an international, multicentre observational study

Background: International data on the epidemiology, ventilation practice, and outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) are lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and to describe ventilator management after abdominal RAS. Methods: This was an international, multicentre, prospective study in 34 centres in nine countries. Patients ≥18 yr of age undergoing abdominal RAS were enrolled between April 2017 and March 2019. The Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) score was used to stratify for higher risk of PPCs (≥26). The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs. Secondary endpoints included the preoperative risk for PPCs and ventilator management. Results: Of 1167 subjects screened, 905 abdominal RAS patients were included. Overall, 590 (65.2%) patients were at increased risk for PPCs. Meanwhile, 172 (19%) patients sustained PPCs, which occurred more frequently in 132 (22.4%) patients at increased risk, compared with 40 (12.7%) patients at lower risk of PPCs (absolute risk difference: 12.2% [95% confidence intervals (CI), 6.8–17.6%]; P<0.001). Plateau and driving pressures were higher in patients at increased risk, compared with patients at low risk of PPCs, but no ventilatory variables were independently associated with increased occurrence of PPCs. Development of PPCs was associated with a longer hospital stay. Conclusions: One in five patients developed one or more PPCs (chiefly unplanned oxygen requirement), which was associated with a longer hospital stay. No ventilatory variables were independently associated with PPCs. Clinical trial registration: NCT02989415

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Inventory of learning conceptions and experiences at university level : structure, content and psychometric properties

Resumen: El INCEAPU -Inventario de Concepciones y Experiencias de aprender en la universidad- (Morchio, 2007, 2014) es un cuestionario semiestructurado para recopilar información sobre el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. En él se pregunta qué piensa el alumno cuando dice aprender (Concepciones), cómo pone en obra el proceso (Experiencias) y cuál es su estimación subjetiva respecto de la mayor o menor facilidad para aprender contenidos propios de la carrera que cursa (Autopercepción de competencia para aprender). El objetivo de este artículo es, primero, presentar el instrumento en sus características distintivas, bases teóricas, objetivos y contenido; luego, analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en dos instancias: 1°) validación inter-jueces (10 expertos) a través del análisis de concordancia de Kendall y 2°) análisis factorial exploratorio y ponderación de la confiabilidad de los factores según resultados obtenidos en 642 alumnos de cinco carreras, dos universidades y dos tramos (inicial/final). Se halla que en los expertos prima la valoración positiva y que han aplicado similares estándares al asignar rangos a los indicadores. En el análisis factorial, la solución en 12 factores aparece como la más ajustada para la muestra en estudio, ya que la mayoría de los indicadores (el 95%) se agrupa con cargas satisfactorias en sus respectivos factores; además, los factores muestran consistencia interna adecuada según los valores de alpha de Cronbach. Los datos de validez de contenido y de constructo lo constituyen en un recurso pertinente para contribuir a un aprendizaje autorregulado y a una Orientación Educativa preventiva.Abstract: The I N C E A P U -Inventory of Learning Conceptions and Experiences at University Level- (Morchio, 2007, 2014) is a semi-structured questionnaire to gather information about learning from university students. It inquires what students have in mind when they think about learning (Conceptions), how they put the process into action (Experiences) and which is their subjective estimate regarding the degree of easiness or difficulty when learning the contents in their courses of studies (Self-perception of competence to learn). The aim of this article is, first, to introduce the tool and present its distinctive characteristics, theoretical bases, objectives and content, and secondly, to analyze its psychometric properties in two instances: 1) inter-judge validation (10 experts) through Kendall's concordance analysis and 2) exploratory factor analysis and weighting of factor reliability according to results obtained in 642 students of five courses of studies, two universities and two stages (initial / final). It is found that in the experts the positive valuation prevails and that they have applied similar standards when assigning ranges to the indicators. In the factorial analysis, the solution in 12 factors is the most adjusted one for the sample under study, since most of the indicators (95%) are grouped with satisfactory loads in their respective factors; in addition, the factors show adequate internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha values. The content and construct validity data make the INCEAPU a relevant resource to contribute to self-regulated learning and preventive Educational Orientation