CONSIDERATIONS ON RECYCLING POSSIBILITIES OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TREATMENT

In our country, the developments of the measures for the prevention of the environmental pollution are aligning to the UE Directives. The costs for the treatment of the water wastes are continuously increasing, following to the also increasing of the investments costs. Therefore it is necessary to accord attention for the alternatives of cleaning, treating, respective recycling of the agro-industrial wastes and their reintroduction in the natural circuit. At the processing of the food results wastes with high organic charge. The effluents form the processing of dairy products, sugar, starch, beer yeasts as well as breweries or distilleries are getting fast into acids fermentation, finally resulting organic acids. Such process water wastes can be released in the canalization by dilution or by a suitable treating. As an example, for the distillery wastes (distillery slops) with a high dry matter contents (4-20%), the waste water treatment plant shall be designed properly (with mechanical separation step and biological treatment) to ensure the capacity of purifying according to the high flow and increased concentration, due to the high CBOD5 concentration. The treatment of such water wastes can be realized with aerobic processes, which suppose a high energetic consumption. While in the aerobic purifying processes 50 % of the CBOD5 is involved in the forming of biomass and slurry in excess, in the anaerobic treatment processes (anaerobic or methane digestion) a high part of the substrate (until 70 %) is metabolized through the metabolic transformation of bacterial flora, with production of biogas. Therefore, the concentrated water wastes, with potential for the energy production could offer a possibility of energy replacement in the own processing units. The paper presents a review of the anaerobic digestion for different wastes from the agro-industrial processing and their potential for the biogas production. There are presented possibilities of mixture, respectively of co-digestion of different wastes the agro-industrial processing with other wastes from the agriculture (from cereals processing, biomass, manure etc). Simultaneously biogas plants from the praxis with functioning characteristics are presented

The Anaerobic Digestion as Process Step for Hygienisation of Liquid Manure and Agro-Industrial Waste

Biowaste are a permanent subject of concern for environmental integrity and maintenance and human and animal health, due to their very high organic load and potential risk of pathogenic contamination. The paper presents briefly the process of anaerobic digestion as a treatment possibility for hygenisation and organic matter decomposition of biowaste (liquid manure and agro-industrial waste) with production of the energy rich biogas and of the digestion products which can be use as fertilizer. There are presented the hygienisation possibilities of the liquid manure and waste from agro-industry and the EU regulations to be considered at biogas plants construction and approval

DON DETECTION FROM CEREALS USED IN ALIMENTATION, BY RAPID IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TESTS

The mycotxins are natural chemical compounds (toxic metabolites) produced by different species of fungi, which contaminates the aliments. The principal mycotxicogenic species (known over 110.000), developing in the animal feed and human food, are framed in five species: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Claviceps, Alternaria. In the aliments security, the mycotxins with risks are grouped in 6 families: Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Fumonisins, Tricothecene, Patulin, Zearalnenone. The FAO data evaluated about two decades that about 25 % of the cereals world crops was affected by mycotoxins. Their proportion increased, so that today the alimentary risks of the mycotoxins are considered a major problem for the public health

APPROACH REGARDING THE CONTAMINATION WITH POTENTIAL MYCOTOXIGENIC MYCETS OF SOME VEGETABLE PRODUCT FROM THE AREA OF TRANSYLVANIA

The paper is a synthesis of the results obtained in researches over 5 years, made upon feed of different provenience from farms situated in the areas of Cluj and Alb

MYKOTOXIN RESEARCH IN A RESEARCH TEAM

A comprehensive review is given on cooperative scientific research between the University of Hohenheim and the Agricultural and Veterinary University of Cluj-Napoca in mycotoxinology (mainly fusariotoxins). New data of chemical and biological determination, occurrence, pathological effects and strategies for prevention are presented. The review demonstrates improved efficacy of research activities related to scientific cooperation common use of equipment, methods, research facilities as well as due to continuous scientific discussions and exchange between different groups. Informations on predominating toxins, concentrations in feed stuffs in Germany and Romania are given, a new approach to demonstrate subclinical effects is documented, the role of fusariotoxins on immunological response in piglets and pathological effects after intraperitoneal application of toxins to mice is describe

HEMOLEUCOGRAM CHANGES ON CALVES WITH NEONATAL DIARRHEA TREATED WITH PROPOLIS TINCTURE, MINT AND BILBERRY EXTRACTS

Because of increased morbidity and mortality, the neonatal diarrhea syndrome represents one of the main problems with economical lasts found in youth bovine breeding. Ecological farms are starting to develop in Romania and the use of antibiotics and chemioterapics will soon be restricted. In this study we tried to replace the classical therapy with fitotherapy, in the classical treatment of neonatal diarrhea syndrome on calves. The calves taken into study presented variable intensity of diarrhea discharges. The treatment was made for six days, twice daily with 5 ml of plant extracts (3). The blood samples were taken before, during and after treatment and the results were presented as medium values. Following fluids lost by diarrhea and hemoconcentration, hemoglobin value was 11,63 mg/dl. After three days of treatment the value decreased at 10,3 mg/dl, respectively after six days at 10,1 mg/dl, these values being between physiological limits. The evolution of hematocrit is directly correlated with hemoglobin and erythrocytes number. At the beginning of the study hematocrit was 55,4% and at the end of treatment 38,1% that is between normal limits (1, 2). The variation of leukocyte formula is in concordance with the literature, a slightly increase in lymphocytes number being noticed at the beginning of the treatment. Concerning monocytes, basophiles and eosinophiles their values were between, physiological limits. In conclusion, these plant extracts have shown efficiency in 85 % of the cases from this study. Because these natural products do not contain any antibiotic or chemiotherapic residues, the ecological farms have a real interest for them. Also, these products have a long period of preservatio