Internship Experiences Contribute to Confident Career Decision Making for Doctoral Students in the Life Sciences.

The Graduate Student Internships for Career Exploration (GSICE) program at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), offers structured training and hands-on experience through internships for a broad range of PhD-level careers. The GSICE program model was successfully replicated at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). Here, we present outcome data for a total of 217 PhD students participating in the UCSF and UC Davis programs from 2010 to 2015 and 2014 to 2015, respectively. The internship programs at the two sites demonstrated comparable participation, internship completion rates, and overall outcomes. Using survey, focus group, and individual interview data, we find that the programs provide students with career development skills, while increasing students' confidence in career exploration and decision making. Internships, in particular, were perceived by students to increase their ability to discern a career area of choice and to increase confidence in pursuing that career. We present data showing that program participation does not change median time to degree and may help some trainees avoid "default postdocs." Our findings suggest important strategies for institutions developing internship programs for PhD students, namely: including a structured training component, allowing postgraduation internships, and providing a central organization point for internship programs

Developing One Health surveillance systems

The health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment are inter-dependent. Global anthropogenic change is a key driver of disease emergence and spread and leads to biodiversity loss and ecosystem function degradation, which are themselves drivers of disease emergence. Pathogen spill-over events and subsequent disease outbreaks, including pandemics, in humans, animals and plants may arise when factors driving disease emergence and spread converge. One Health is an integrated approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize human, animal and ecosystem health. Conventional disease surveillance has been siloed by sectors, with separate systems addressing the health of humans, domestic animals, cultivated plants, wildlife and the environment. One Health surveillance should include integrated surveillance for known and unknown pathogens, but combined with this more traditional disease-based surveillance, it also must include surveillance of drivers of disease emergence to improve prevention and mitigation of spill-over events. Here, we outline such an approach, including the characteristics and components required to overcome barriers and to optimize an integrated One Health surveillance system

Developing One Health surveillance systems

The health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment are inter-dependent. Global anthropogenic change is a key driver of disease emergence and spread and leads to biodiversity loss and ecosystem function degradation, which are themselves drivers of disease emergence. Pathogen spill-over events and subsequent disease outbreaks, including pandemics, in humans, animals and plants may arise when factors driving disease emergence and spread converge. One Health is an integrated approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize human, animal and ecosystem health. Conventional disease surveillance has been siloed by sectors, with separate systems addressing the health of humans, domestic animals, cultivated plants, wildlife and the environment. One Health surveillance should include integrated surveillance for known and unknown pathogens, but combined with this more traditional disease-based surveillance, it also must include surveillance of drivers of disease emergence to improve prevention and mitigation of spill-over events. Here, we outline such an approach, including the characteristics and components required to overcome barriers and to optimize an integrated One Health surveillance system.</p

One Health : a new definition for a sustainable and healthy future

No abstract available.http://www.plospathogens.orgdm2022Medical Virolog

Localization of CTP: Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in Chinese hamster ovary cells

In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells the rate of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is modulated by changes in the amount of membrane-associated CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. To begin to understand the mechanism of this process, the subcellular localization of the membrane-associated cytidylyltransferase was determined. A method was developed for the rapid, analytical fractionation of entire CHO cell homogenates on Percoll density gradients. A key feature of this procedure is the addition to the homogenate of either micrococcal nuclease or DNase I in excess of cellular actin. In CHO cells with an altered membrane composition, 80% of the cytidylyltransferase is associated with the membrane. Homogenates from these cells were fractionated on Percoll density gradients and marker enzyme activities were used to determine the location of the cellular membrane fractions. The peak of cytidylyltransferase activity occurred in the gradient at a density intermediate to the peak of the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane markers. The profile of the cytidylyltransferase activity most closely resembled that of the Golgi membrane marker; however, sucrose gradient centrifugation separated the Golgi from the cytidylyltransferase activity. Differential centrifugation suggested a nuclear membrane association of the enzyme. Cytidylyltransferase was associated with a membrane fraction that sedimented when subjected to low speed centrifugation (65 $\times$ g, 5 min). From Percoll gradient fractions, nuclear membranes were identified by microscopy and these membranes migrated with the cytidylyltransferase activity. The data are consistent with a localization of cytidylyltransferase in the nuclear membrane. Antibodies to purified cytidylyltransferase were prepared in chickens. The antibodies reacted with cytidylyltransferase on Western blots and precipitated activity from rat liver and CHO cell cytosol. Immunolocalization of the enzyme in intact cells was attempted. A CHO cell mutant defective in endosome acidification was used to determine if organelle acidification plays a role in the response of cytidylyltransferase to phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. The cells were impaired in phospholipase C-stimulated phosphatidylcholine synthesis; however, activation and translocation of cytidylyltransferase was unchanged

Internship Experiences Contribute to Confident Career Decision Making for Doctoral Students in the Life Sciences.

The Graduate Student Internships for Career Exploration (GSICE) program at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), offers structured training and hands-on experience through internships for a broad range of PhD-level careers. The GSICE program model was successfully replicated at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). Here, we present outcome data for a total of 217 PhD students participating in the UCSF and UC Davis programs from 2010 to 2015 and 2014 to 2015, respectively. The internship programs at the two sites demonstrated comparable participation, internship completion rates, and overall outcomes. Using survey, focus group, and individual interview data, we find that the programs provide students with career development skills, while increasing students' confidence in career exploration and decision making. Internships, in particular, were perceived by students to increase their ability to discern a career area of choice and to increase confidence in pursuing that career. We present data showing that program participation does not change median time to degree and may help some trainees avoid "default postdocs." Our findings suggest important strategies for institutions developing internship programs for PhD students, namely: including a structured training component, allowing postgraduation internships, and providing a central organization point for internship programs

One Health action for health security and equity

The importance of integrated One Health approaches to reduce the likelihood and impacts of emerging infectious disease outbreaks has been widely accepted, as the Lancet series on One Health emphasises.1–4 However, implementing One Health requires transdisciplinary approaches, with a systemic focus on the health of animals, humans, and ecosystems worldwide, and potential solutions that are equitable, inclusive, and sustainable.http://www.thelancet.com2024-01-19am2023Medical VirologyNon