Aspectos sanitarios manejo clínico y entrenamiento del jaguar panthera Onca, (Linnaeus 1758) en zoológicos

33 páginas : ilustracionesKnow the management of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in zoos, as a conservation strategy due to its threat status and as through a training plan, the general clinical examination and sampling are facilitated. 36 species of wild felids on the planet have been specified, of which 12 species exist in the neotropic, of all the wild Felidae species described in the world, 62% show population decline categorized as threatened, vulnerable and endangered. Among the factors that lead to the population decline of felids are habitat fragmentation, urbanization and human population growth (Lewis et al., 2015). In Colombia, the greatest threat to species Biodiversity is due to the loss of Habitat, specifically affected by the expansion of agricultural and livestock borders. Among the main causes of deforestation are African palm crops, as well as illegal crops (Bello, et al., 2014; Vijay, Pimm, Jenkins and Smith, 2016). In addition to this, wild cats are threatened by other factors that include hunting, illegal trafficking and fur trade (Marchini and Crawshaw, 2015). Taking this scenario into account, within the strategies proposed for the conservation of the Jaguar is the design of strategies aimed at monitoring and protecting the core populations, identifying correctors that affect mobility and connectivity between the different populations, are also aimed at creating units Jaguar conservation that interacts with protected areas in situ, as well as ex-situ conservation processes that are maintained and repopulated affected areas (Kay et al., 2015; Rabinowitz and Zeller, 2010). Following the above, ex-situ conservation efforts are of great importance to control population viability while maintaining important genetic reservoirs that can help in situ rehabilitation programs (Jiménez, 2017). Simultaneously, to facilitate the clinical management of animals in precaution, they should be considered training, since it could facilitate the management of animals without the need to resort to physical or chemical restraint mechanisms, which would also help to achieve a semiological review. correct, to be able to administer medications and perform routine procedures, which would improve the welfare and health of animals.Conocer el manejo del jaguar (Panthera onca) en zoológicos, como estrategia de conservación debido a su estado de amenaza y como por medio de un plan de entrenamiento se facilita, el examen clínico general y toma de muestras. Se han descrito 36 especies de félidos silvestres en el planeta, de las cuales 12 especies existen en el neotrópico, de todas las especies de félidos silvestres descritas en el mundo, el 62% presenta declive poblacional categorizado como amenazados, vulnerables y en vía de extinción. Entre los factores que llevan al declive poblacional de félidos se encuentran la fragmentación de hábitat, la urbanización y el crecimiento de la población humana (Lewis et al., 2015). En Colombia, la mayor amenaza para la Biodiversidad de especies se debe a la perdida de Hábitat, generalmente relacionada con la expansión de las fronteras agrícola y ganadera. Dentro de las principales causas de desforestación se encuentran los cultivos de palma africana, así como los cultivos ilícitos (Bello, et al., 2014; Vijay, Pimm, Jenkins, & Smith, 2016). Sumado a esto, los felinos silvestres se encuentran amenazados por otros factores que incluyen la cacería, el tráfico ilegal y el comercio de pieles (Marchini & Crawshaw, 2015). Teniendo en cuenta este escenario, dentro de las estrategias planteadas para la conservación del Jaguar se encuentran el diseño de estrategias orientadas a monitorear y proteger las poblaciones núcleo, identificando corredores que permitan la movilidad y conectividad entre las distintas poblaciones, también se orienta crear unidades de conservación del Jaguar que interactúen con las áreas protegidas in situ, así como procesos de conservación ex situ que permitan mantener y repoblar las áreas afectadas (Kay et al., 2015; Rabinowitz & Zeller, 2010). Que en conformidad con lo anterior, los esfuerzos de conservación ex situ presentan gran importancia para garantizar la viabilidad poblacional manteniendo importantes reservorios genéticos que pueden ayudar a los programas de rehabilitación in situ (Jiménez, 2017). Simultáneamente, para facilitar el manejo clínico de los animales en cautiverio se debe considerar el entrenamiento de los mismos, ya que podría facilitar el manejo de los animales sin necesidad de acudir a mecanismos restricción física o química, que ayudarían además de lograr revisión semiológica correcta, poder administrar medicamentos y realizar procedimientos de rutina, lo que mejoraría el bienestar y la salud de los animalesIncluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Veterinari

Debates educativos contemporáneos en contexto

El libro es una obra en colaboración que recoge debates educativos contemporáneos que se plantean desde contextos específicos para fortalecerlos. Así, se reconoce que la producción académica sobre currículo y pedagogía no puede ser una actividad lejana a la realidad, sino que debe estar directamente relacionada con contextos que pueden ser cualificados con fundamento. Los debates son: alineación iusteórica de los enfoques educativos para las facultades de derecho; exigencias de transformación educativa desde la teoría sociopolítica de Karl Popper; factores escolares que impiden la convivencia en colegios; exigencias de formación moral en facultades de administración; y planos de inmanencia como una invitación a la reflexión educativa. De esta forma, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria y multinivel, el lector puede encontrar exigencias teóricas aplicadas para mejorar contextos educativos concretos

Subchondral pre-solidified chitosan/blood implants elicit reproducible early osteochondral wound-repair responses including neutrophil and stromal cell chemotaxis, bone resorption and repair, enhanced repair tissue integration and delayed matrix deposition

Background: In this study we evaluated a novel approach to guide the bone marrow-driven articular cartilage repair response in skeletally aged rabbits. We hypothesized that dispersed chitosan particles implanted close to the bone marrow degrade in situ in a molecular mass-dependent manner, and attract more stromal cells to the site in aged rabbits compared to the blood clot in untreated controls. Methods: Three microdrill hole defects, 1.4 mm diameter and 2 mm deep, were created in both knee trochlea of 30 month-old New Zealand White rabbits. Each of 3 isotonic chitosan solutions (150, 40, 10 kDa, 80% degree of deaceylation, with fluorescent chitosan tracer) was mixed with autologous rabbit whole blood, clotted with Tissue Factor to form cylindrical implants, and press-fit in drill holes in the left knee while contralateral holes received Tissue Factor or no treatment. At day 1 or day 21 post-operative, defects were analyzed by micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and stereology for bone and soft tissue repair. Results: All 3 implants filled the top of defects at day 1 and were partly degraded in situ at 21 days post-operative. All implants attracted neutrophils, osteoclasts and abundant bone marrow-derived stromal cells, stimulated bone resorption followed by new woven bone repair (bone remodeling) and promoted repair tissue-bone integration. 150 kDa chitosan implant was less degraded, and elicited more apoptotic neutrophils and bone resorption than 10 kDa chitosan implant. Drilled controls elicited a poorly integrated fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue. Conclusions: Pre-solidified implants elicit stromal cells and vigorous bone plate remodeling through a phase involving neutrophil chemotaxis. Pre-solidified chitosan implants are tunable by molecular mass, and could be beneficial for augmented marrow stimulation therapy if the recruited stromal cells can progress to bone and cartilage repair

Safe Areas for the Placement of Standard Shoulder Arthroscopy Portals: An Anatomical Study

The abundant vascular structures that surround the shoulder joint are complex and variable, complicating arthroscopy approaches. The aim of this study is to determine safe and risky areas around standard posterior and standard anterior portals, and accounting for the distribution of neurovascular structures of small and medium diameters that can lead to intra-articular bleeding during surgery. The standard posterior portal, and standard anterior portal were placed as described in the literature, and punch dissection was performed 2.5 cm around the trocar in situ. The arrangement of each identified structure was photographically documented and digitalized for each anatomic plane; the distance to the trocar and the diameter of each structure were measured. Based on each digitalized anatomic plane, safe and risky tissue areas were determined, and a clock face coordinate system was used to represent these areas. The safe area around the standard posterior portal was located between 11 and 1 o´clock for the left shoulder and 11 and 2 o´clock for the right shoulder. For the standard anterior portal, the safe area was located between 2 and 3 o´clock for the left shoulder and between 9 and 12 o´clock for the right shoulder. However, we did document a risk of injuring the cephalic vein 5 times, the axillary artery 3 times and the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery once. This study reports quantitatively the total number of small diameter structures present in the two shoulder arthroscopic portals evaluated. The safe areas proposed in this study must be evaluated to propose new access points for performing arthroscopic procedures on the shoulder

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Chitosan Rate of Uptake in HEK293 Cells is Influenced by Soluble versus Microparticle State and Enhanced by Serum-Induced Cell Metabolism and Lactate-Based Media Acidification

molecule