Protocol for the Reconstructing Consciousness and Cognition (ReCCognition) Study

Important scientific and clinical questions persist about general anesthesia despite the ubiquitous clinical use of anesthetic drugs in humans since their discovery. For example, it is not known how the brain reconstitutes consciousness and cognition after the profound functional perturbation of the anesthetized state, nor has a specific pattern of functional recovery been characterized. To date, there has been a lack of detailed investigation into rates of recovery and the potential orderly return of attention, sensorimotor function, memory, reasoning and logic, abstract thinking, and processing speed. Moreover, whether such neurobehavioral functions display an invariant sequence of return across individuals is similarly unknown. To address these questions, we designed a study of healthy volunteers undergoing general anesthesia with electroencephalography and serial testing of cognitive functions (NCT01911195). The aims of this study are to characterize the temporal patterns of neurobehavioral recovery over the first several hours following termination of a deep inhaled isoflurane general anesthetic and to identify common patterns of cognitive function recovery. Additionally, we will conduct spectral analysis and reconstruct functional networks from electroencephalographic data to identify any neural correlates (e.g., connectivity patterns, graph-theoretical variables) of cognitive recovery after the perturbation of general anesthesia. To accomplish these objectives, we will enroll a total of 60 consenting adults aged 20–40 across the three participating sites. Half of the study subjects will receive general anesthesia slowly titrated to loss of consciousness (LOC) with an intravenous infusion of propofol and thereafter be maintained for 3 h with 1.3 age adjusted minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane, while the other half of subjects serves as awake controls to gauge effects of repeated neurobehavioral testing, spontaneous fatigue and endogenous rest-activity patterns

Ações afirmativas diferentes concepções sobre sua constitucionalidade

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os fundamentos de mérito de duas sentenças extraídas do sítio do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul-TJ/MS que decidiram sobre a alegação de inconstitucionalidade da Lei Estadual que dispõe sobre a reversa de vagas a candidatos negros em cursos de graduação ofertados pela UEMS. Sabendo que os magistrados embasaram-se no princípio constitucional da Isonomia, questiona-se se eles tiveram a mesma solução jurídica, e se suas concepções sobre o princípio da igualdade foram extraídas do senso comum ou jurídico a luz dos direitos humanos

Exercise training program based on minimum weekly frequencies: effects on blood pressure and physical fitness in elderly hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND: Exercise training (ET) can reduce blood pressure (BP) and prevent functional disability. However, the effects of low volumes of training have been poorly studied, especially in elderly hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of a multi-component ET program (aerobic training, strength, flexibility, and balance) on BP, physical fitness, and functional ability of elderly hypertensive patients. METHODS: Thirty-six elderly hypertensive patients with optimal clinical treatment underwent a multi-component ET program: two 60-minute sessions a week for 12 weeks at a Basic Health Unit. RESULTS: Compared to pre-training values, systolic and diastolic BP were reduced by 3.6% and 1.2%, respectively (p<0.001), body mass index was reduced by 1.1% (p<0.001), and peripheral blood glucose was reduced by 2.5% (p=0.002). There were improvements in all physical fitness domains: muscle strength (chair-stand test and elbow flexor test; p<0.001), static balance test (unipedal stance test; p<0.029), aerobic capacity (stationary gait test; p<0.001), except for flexibility (sit and reach test). Moreover, there was a reduction in the time required to perform two functional ability tests: put on sock and sit down, stand up, and move around the house (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower volumes of ET improved BP, metabolic parameters, and physical fitness and reflected in the functional ability of elderly hypertensive patients. Trial Registration RBR-2xgjh3.CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O treinamento físico (TF) é capaz de reduzir a pressão arterial (PA) e prevenir o declínio da capacidade funcional. Entretanto, pouco tem sido estudado sobre os efeitos de menores volumes de treinamento em idosos com hipertensão arterial (HA). OBJETIVOS: Investigar os efeitos de um programa de TF multicomponente (treinamento aeróbico, força, flexibilidade e equilíbrio) na PA, aptidão física e capacidade funcional de idosos com HA. MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis idosos com HA e tratamento clínico otimizado foram submetidos a um programa de exercícios físicos multicomponente, com duas sessões semanais de 60 minutos cada, durante 12 semanas, em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). RESULTADOS: Comparados aos valores antes do TF, observou-se redução de 3,6% da PA sistólica (p<0,001), de 1,2% da PA diastólica (p<0,001), de 1,1% do índice de massa corporal (IMC) (p<0,001) e de 2,5% da glicemia periférica em jejum (p=0,002). Observou-se melhora em todos os domínios da aptidão física, como força muscular (testes de levantar da cadeira e flexão de cotovelos, p<0,001); equilíbrio estático (teste de apoio unipodal, p=0,029), capacidade aeróbica (teste de marcha estacionária, p<0,001), com exceção da flexibilidade (teste de sentar e alcançar). Além disso, houve redução no tempo utilizado para realização de dois testes de avaliação da capacidade funcional, o de calçar meias e o de sentar, levantar-se da cadeira e locomover-se pela casa (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O TF com duas sessões semanais em idosos hipertensos repercutiu na melhora dos indicadores metabólicos, da aptidão física e da capacidade funcional e atuou como auxiliar no controle da PA. Registro de Ensaios Clínicos RBR-2xgjh3.Universidade de São Paulo School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de Fortaleza Health Sciences CenterUSP Medical School Laboratory of Experimental HypertensionUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of BiosciencesUSP Medical School Departament of Internal MedicineUNIFESP, Department of BiosciencesSciEL

A PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA E AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS EM UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS: UMA ANÁLISE DO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO APÓS A LEI 13.409/2016

O direito é uma ciência maleável, que se ajuste de acordo com o momento em que a sociedade se encontra. Sendo assim, desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, tendo a dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do ordenamento jurídico, tanto o legislador, quanto os aplicadores do Direito tem se preocupado em incluir os grupos sociais que foram por muito tempo marginalizados pelo conglomerado social. É nesse contexto que se encontra as pessoas com deficiência, tendo em vista que o processo de inclusão dessa parcela da sociedade se deu (e continua se dando) de forma lenta. Apenas em 2016 o legislador editou a Lei 13.409/2016 que possibilita o acesso a universidades públicas através de ações afirmativas pelas pessoas com deficiência.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pessoas com deficiência; Ações afirmativas; Universidades públicas ABSTRACT: Law is a malleable science, which adjusts according to the moment in which society finds itself. Thus, since the enactment of the Federal Constitution of 1988, with the dignity of the human person as the foundation of the legal system, both the legislator and the law enforcers have been concerned with including social groups that have long been marginalized by the social conglomerate . It is in this context that people with disabilities are found, given that the process of inclusion of this part of society has taken place (and continues to be done) slowly. It was only in 2016 that the legislator published Law 13,409 / 2016 that allows access to public universities through affirmative action by people with disabilities.KEYWORD: People with Disabilitie; Affirmative Actions. Public Universitie

Nature-Based solutions in coastal and estuarine areas of Europe

ABSTRACT: Momentum for sustainable and climate resilience solutions for coastal protection are growing globally given the pressing need to prevent further loss of biodiversity and ecosystems while meeting the climate change adaptation and mitigation goals. Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) represent an opportunity to align environmental and resilience goals, at a time of strained budgets in a global context and when short-term needs may run counter to long-term goals. In Europe, NbS fit the mandates of major EU environmental and climate change policies by restoring biodiversity and enhancing climate-resilience and carbon sequestration. Previous studies have compiled scientific evidence about hydro-meteorological hazards for the use of NbS. However, their implementation at scale is still lacking. As the knowledge and experience with NbS for adaptation to natural hazards and climate change increases, it becomes more important to draw lessons learned and insights for replicating and scaling up NbS, especially in coastal areas where their implementation is still limited compared to other environments. This study analyzed NbS case studies across European coastal and estuarine areas to draw key lessons, understand better the current status of implementation, and identify key challenges and gaps. From a total of 59 NbS case studies associated with flooding, erosion and biodiversity loss, results show an increase in NbS implementation since 1990s, but most rapidly between 2005 and 2015. Most of the case studies are hybrid solutions employing wetlands, predominantly located in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands. Funding of NbS is largely from public sources, and rarely come from a single or a private source. Three-quarters of the case studies reported monitoring activities, but more than half did not disclose quantitative results related to effectiveness against flooding and/or erosion. The need to improve coastal defenses was indicated as the main motivation for NbS implementation over traditional structures, while sustainability was the most mentioned additional reason. Although a variety of co-benefits and lessons learned was identified, clearer descriptions and enhanced details of such information are required. There is a need for tools and strategies to expand knowledge sharing of lessons learned to enable further replication of successful cases in other areas.This research was carried out with the contribution of the LIFE Programme of the European Union to the Project ADAPTABLUES (ref. LIFE18 CCA/ES/001160

Ruminal parameters analyzed in remaining digestion residue of roughages in the in vitro/gas system

O desempenho animal é a medida mais direta de se avaliar a qualidade dos alimentos. Entretanto, dados de desempenho são insuficientes para se detectar as possíveis interações que possam ocorrer no ambiente ruminal. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos associativos nas concentrações de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGVs), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e pH da fração líquida remanescente da digestão da matéria seca (MS) de volumosos exclusivos (cana-de-açúcar= CN; capim-elefante com 60 dias= CP60 e 180 dias= CP180 de crescimento; e silagem de milho= SIL) e suas combinações (cana-de-açúcar+silagem de milho= CNSIL; cana-de-açúcar+capim-elefante-60d= CNCP60; cana-de-açúcar+capim-elefante-180d= CNCP180; silagem de milho+capim-elefante-60d= SILCP60; silagem de milho+capim-elefante-180d= SILCP180) na proporção de 50% na MS, que levam a resultados de desempenhos positivos ou negativos de bovinos. As concentrações de AGVs, N-NH3 e pH dos tratamentos foram: CN= 56,9 mmol L-1, 50,1 mg dL-1, 5,7; CNSIL= 61,4 mmol L-1, 50,7 mg dL-1, 5,8; CNCP60= 54,7 mmol L-1, 47,6 mg dL-1, 5,8; CNCP180= 45,4 mmol L-1, 49,4 mg dL-1, 6,0; SIL= 57,2 mmol L-1, 54,0 mg dL-1, 5,8; SILCP60= 57,1 mmol L-1, 53,1 mg dL-1, 5,9; SILCP180= 55,9 mmol L-1, 52,3 mg dL-1, 6,0; CP60= 58,1 mmol L-1, 49,4 mg dL-1, 5,9; CP180= 44,0 mmol L-1, 46,4 mg dL-1, 6,1. Os carboidratos não estruturais e amido, aliados à fibra e proteína, contribuíram para que ocorresse o efeito associativo positivo na mistura 50:50 cana/silagem. Isso pode ter propiciado os melhores resultados de desempenho em bovinos devido ao elevado padrão fermentativo.Animal performance is the most direct measure in the evaluation of feed quality. However, performance data are often insufficient to determine possible interactions that may take place in the ruminal environment. The purpose of the present trial was to evaluate the possible associative effects on the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH in the remaining liquid fraction from the dry matter (DM) digestion for exclusive roughages: sugarcane (SC), 60- (EG60) and 180-day elephantgrass (EG180), and corn silage (SIL), as well as for combined roughages: sugarcane+corn silage (SCSIL), sugarcane+60-day elephantgrass (SCEG60), sugarcane+180-day elephantgrass (SCEG180), corn silage+60-day elephantgrass (SILEG60), corn silage+180-day elephantgrass (SILEG180) associated at equal DM proportions (50%). These associative effects present positive or negative effects on bovine performance. Concentrations of VFAs and N-NH3, as well as pH for the treatments were, respectively: SC= 56.9 mmol L-1, 50.1 mg dL-1, 5.7; SCSIL= 61.4 mmol L-1, 50.7 mg dL-1, 5.8; SCEG60= 54.7 mmol L-1, 47.6 mg dL-1, 5.8; SCEG180= 45.4 mmol L-1, 49.4 mg dL-1, 6.0; SIL= 57.2 mmol L-1, 54.0 mg dL-1, 5.8; SILEG60= 57.1 mmol L-1, 53.1 mg dL-1, 5.9; SILEG180= 55.9 mmol L-1, 52.3 mg dL-1, 6.0; EG60= 58.1 mmol L-1, 49.4 mg dL-1, 5.9; and EG180= 44.0 mmol L-1, 46.4 mg dL-1, 6.1. Nonstructural carbohydrates and starch, associated with fiber and protein, contributed to positive associative effect on the 50:50 sugarcane/corn silage mixtures. The high fermentative aspect of such mixture may have promoted the best results in bovine performance

Modeling the impacts of climate extremes and multiple water uses to support water management in the Icó-Mandantes Bay, Northeast Brazil

The hydropower production, water supply and aquaculture services of the Itaparica Reservoir are of immense importance for the Brazilian Northeast. Uncontrolled water resources consumption (e.g. irrigation, water supply), climate and land use change effects deteriorated the water quantity and quality in the reservoir, leading to socio-economic and environmental problems. In this work, a depth-averaged shallow water model was set up for the Icó-Mandantes Bay, one major branch of the reservoir, using the open TELEMAC-MASCARET system. The aim was to assess the impacts of the newly built water diversion channel, as well as the effects of a flood and tracer transport from an intermittent tributary, both located in the bay. An alternative approach to estimate the water retention times was additionally implemented. The simulations showed that though the diversion channel did not significantly influence the hydrodynamics of the bay, it is necessary to continuously monitor water quality parameters in the withdrawal, especially during rainy periods after droughts, because of the nutrient inputs from the tributary and the overflows of the nearby drainage systems. Management measures adapting to the continuously changing natural conditions and anthropogenic impacts are thus indispensable and the model presented can be a valuable supporting tool for this purpose.BMBF, 01LL0904A, Verbundvorhaben INNOVATE: Nachhaltige Nutzung von Stauseen durch innovative Kopplung von aquatischen und terrestrischen Ökosystemfunktionen - Teilvorhaben 1: Verbundkoordination, Grüne Leber und Ökonomi

LEI MARIA DA PENHA: DIREITOS ADQUIRIDOS E SUA IMPLANTAÇÃO NO SISTEMA BRASILEIRO

O marco histórico da violência doméstica e familiar se deu através de umamulher chamada Maria da Penha Fernandes a qual sofreu terríveis agressões pelo seu marido no ano de 1983 . Não obstante, o número de casos de violência ainda nos dias atuais é alarmante ( 2019 )), chamando a atenção cada vez mais da sociedade e do poder público a se atentar em quanto a isso , através de denúncias, como exemplo. Importante destacar que a Lei 11.340/2006 trouxe maior visibilidade à violência de gênero e a mulher tem adquirido mais coragem para denunciar e romper com a situação abusiva Tribunal de Santa Catarina, 2009Palavras chave: Lei Maria da Penha ; violência doméstica; direitos adquiridos