Endobronchial solitary fibrous tumor

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that appears primarily in the pleura and rarely in intrapulmonary or endobronchial topography. The authors report the case of a 47-year-old woman who presented obstructive respiratory symptoms for 4 years. The chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy showed an obstructive polypoid lesion located between the trachea and the left main bronchus associated with distal atelectasis of the left lung. A resection of the lesion was performed and, macroscopically, the mass was oval, encapsulated, and firm, measuring 2.3 × 1.7 × 1.5 cm. Histology revealed low-grade mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasm, with alternating cellularity, myxoid areas, and mature adipose tissue outbreaks, as well as blood vessels with irregular walls. The immunohistochemical study was positive for CD34, CD99, and BCL2. The diagnosis was SFT in an unusual topography. The patient’s symptoms remitted after tumor excision, and no systemic problems were evident. SFTs primarily affect adults and often follow a benign course; however, their behavior is unpredictable. The presence of necrosis and mitotic activity may portend a poor prognosis. Endobronchial SFTs are rare but should be evaluated and monitored similar to SFTs at other sites, with a long-term follow-u

Endobronchial solitary fibrous tumor

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that appears primarily in the pleura and rarely in intrapulmonary or endobronchial topography. The authors report the case of a 47-year-old woman who presented obstructive respiratory symptoms for 4 years. The chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy showed an obstructive polypoid lesion located between the trachea and the left main bronchus associated with distal atelectasis of the left lung. A resection of the lesion was performed and, macroscopically, the mass was oval, encapsulated, and firm, measuring 2.3 × 1.7 × 1.5 cm. Histology revealed low-grade mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasm, with alternating cellularity, myxoid areas, and mature adipose tissue outbreaks, as well as blood vessels with irregular walls. The immunohistochemical study was positive for CD34, CD99, and BCL2. The diagnosis was SFT in an unusual topography. The patient’s symptoms remitted after tumor excision, and no systemic problems were evident. SFTs primarily affect adults and often follow a benign course; however, their behavior is unpredictable. The presence of necrosis and mitotic activity may portend a poor prognosis. Endobronchial SFTs are rare but should be evaluated and monitored similar to SFTs at other sites, with a long-term follow-u

Malignant lung PEComa (clear cell tumor): rare case report and literature review

Clear cell tumors of the lung (CCTL), or “sugar tumors” of lung, are very uncommon lesions and are mostly benign perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) tumors with no specific morphologic features. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported; the aggressive nature demonstrated in sporadic reports has rarely been described in the literature. Although the course is generally described as benign, eight reported cases showed malignant behavior. We report a case of a PEC with a malignant presentation in a young man, correlating the main characteristics of the tumor with other cases reported in the literature to better elucidate this rare presentation. We also performed a literature review of reports on benign and malignant CCTL cases, with a focus on clinical, imaging, and immunohistochemical differentiation. CCTLs are rare tumors that require histopathological and immunohistochemical confirmation; to date, criteria that can predict malignant evolution are lacking

Linfoma de Hodgkin: características anátomo-clínicas e análise de novo biomarcador (IMP3)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a hematopoietic neoplasm that characteristically affects young adults and, if untreated, presents a fatal clinical course. Early and accurate diagnosis of this lymphoma associated with modern therapeutic management, on the other hand, has promoted a dramatic decrease in mortality rates. Despite this, around 15-20% of patients show unsatisfactory progression, with resistance to primary therapy or early relapse following treatment. The literature comprises numerous studies attempting to determine prognostic profiles that are capable of selecting candidate patients for specific therapies. Insulin-like growth factor mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) has been described as a biomarker that indicates worse prognosis in several malignancies, particularly carcinomas; however, studies of IMP3 in hematopoietic malignancies are rare. To assess their potential prognostic role in HL, IMP3 expression was studied in 61 cases and included stratification of immunostaining intensities (0, +, ++ and +++) and their relation to status of life, clinical data and morphological and immunohistochemical features. Intense IMP3 expression (+++) was observed in 61% (34/56) cases and showed a strong indication of association with better disease-free survival. Our findings show that IMP3 is a potential biomarker of better prognosis in HLO Linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) é uma neoplasia hematopoiética que acomete caracteristicamente adultos jovens e apresenta, quando não tratado, curso clínico fatal. O diagnóstico precoce e preciso desse linfoma, associado à terapia moderna, por outro lado, tem proporcionado diminuição dramática das taxas de letalidade. Ainda assim, cerca de 15-20% dos pacientes evoluem de maneira insatisfatória com resistência a terapia primária ou recaída precoce pós-tratamento. Nesse sentido, há estudos variados na tentativa de buscar perfis prognósticos capazes de selecionar pacientes candidatos a terapias particulares. O IMP3 (insulin-like growth factor mRNA binding protein 3) tem sido descrito como biomarcador relacionado a pior prognóstico em diversas neoplasias, especialmente carcinomas, mas ainda pouco estudado em neoplasias hematopoiéticas. Para avaliar seu potencial papel prognóstico no LH, foi estudada a expressão do IMP3 em 61 casos, incluindo estratificação da imunocoloração em intensidades (0, 1+, 2+ e 3+) e relação com sobrevida, dados clínicos, aspectos morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. A expressão forte (intensidade 3+) para IMP3 foi observada em 61% (34/56) dos LH e apresentou forte indicio de associação com melhor sobrevida livre de doença. Nossos achados mostram o IMP3 como potencial biomarcador de melhor prognóstico em L

SNPs in genes encoding for IL-10, TNF-α, and NFκB p105/p50 are associated with clinical prognostic factors for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell-derived malignant neoplasia that has a unique histological distribution, in which the scarce malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are surrounded by nonmalignant inflammatory cells. The interactions between the malignant and inflammatory cells are mediated by aberrantly produced cytokines, which play an important role in tumor immunopathogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding cytokines and their regulatory proteins may influence the peripheral levels of these molecules and affect disease's pathobiology. In this study, we evaluate SNPs in the promoter regions of the genes encoding for two key cytokines in Hodgkin lymphoma: IL-10 (SNP/pIL10-592, rs1800872; and SNP/pIL10-1082, rs1800896) and TNF-α (SNP/pTNF -238, rs361525; and SNP/pTNF -862, rs1800630), as well as an SNP in the intronic region of the NFκB1 gene (SNP/iNFKB1, rs1585215), an important regulator of cytokine gene expression. We then look to their possible association with clinical and laboratory features in cHL patients. Seventy-three patients with cHL are genotyped by qPCR-high resolution melting. The SNPs' genotypes are analyzed individually for each SNP, and when more than two allelic combinations are identified, the genotypes are also divided into two groups according to proposed biological relevance. By univariate analysis, patients harboring SNP/pTNF -238 AG genotype more frequently have EBV-associated cHL compared to homozygous GG, whereas the presence of mediastinal disease (bulky and nonbulky) is more common in the pIL10-592 AC/CC group compared to the AA homozygous group. Patients with SNP/iNFKB1 AA genotype more frequently have stage IV and extranodal disease at diagnosis. These results indicate that some SNPs' genotypes for IL-10 and TNF-α genes are associated with prognostic parameters in cHL. For the first time, the SNP/iNFKB1 is described in association with clinical features of the disease

Should Serum Protein Electrophoresis Be a Surrogate for Liver Biopsy in Some Cases of Alpha1 Antitrypsin Deficiency?

Most patients with alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency do not receive this diagnosis until developing severe complications, in particular when respiratory symptoms are absent. This is a reason for making alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency a possible diagnosis among patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis or other conditions of liver disease without a clear etiology. In this report, a case of cryptogenic cirrhosis is presented, showing the role of serum protein electrophoresis in the diagnosis, which was made before liver biopsy. Therefore, the possibility of using a typical pattern of serum protein electrophoresis as a surrogate for liver biopsy in alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency is discussed

Evaluation of Biointegration and Inflammatory Response to Blood Vessels Produced by Tissue Engineering—Experimental Model in Rabbits

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the main cause of mortality in the western population and requires surgical intervention with the use of vascular substitutes, such as autologous veins or Dacron or PTFE prostheses. When this is not possible, it progresses to limb amputation. For cases where there is no autologous vascular substitute, tissue engineering with the production of neovessels may be a promising option. Previous experimental studies have shown in vitro that rabbit vena cava can be decellularized and serve as a scaffold for receiving mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with subsequent differentiation into endothelial cells. The current study aimed to evaluate the behavior of a 3D product structure based on decellularized rabbit inferior vena cava (IVC) scaffolds seeded with adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and implanted in rabbits dorsally subcutaneously. We evaluated the induction of the inflammatory response in the animal. We found that stem cells were positive in reducing the inflammatory response induced by the decellularized scaffolds