Practices in pelvic organ prolapse operations among surgeons:an international survey identifying needs for further research

OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to identify variation in surgical technique for treating pelvic floor disorders looking specifically at differences in approach between subspeciality trained urogynaecologists and general gynaecologists. We hypothesised that speciality trained surgeons would have a more uniform operative technique. We did not make a hypothesis about which operative areas would have the most variation overall. METHODS: We performed a single-timepoint online survey of members of the International Urogynaecological Association (IUGA). Probability of difference from mean is presented as a raw value and significance of difference of means between surgical cohorts was calculated using the t test for independent variables. RESULTS: We received 205 responses from 118 general gynaecologists and 87 from subspecialty trained urogynaecologists (8 % response rate) to 27 questions concerning operative steps in four common urogynaecological operations. Surgeons had low levels of variation. The probability of any surgeon providing a different answer from the mode of their cohort was not significant within or between surgeons with and without subspeciality training (p = 0.47). Two areas with high levels of variation between surgeons were identified (probability of variation >0.5). These were: “In order to reduce cystocele, do you plicate the fascia covering the bladder or use vaginal tissue?” and “Would you usually plicate the rectovaginal facial septum to the vault?” CONCLUSIONS: Most urogynaecological surgeries were of similar technique; however there were two areas of significant variation between surgeons that may affect outcomes and warrant further study

Penerapan Media Gambar dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Bagian-Bagian Tumbuhan dan Fungsinya pada Siswa Kelas IVB SDK 077 Kecamatan Kewapante Kabupaten Sikka Tahun 2021/2022

This study aims to find out the results of learning science for grade IV students through the Application of Media Pictures in an Effort to Improve Science Learning Outcomes on the Material of Plant Parts and Their Functions in Grade IVB Students SDK 007 Kewapante, Kewapante District, Sikka Regency, Academic Year 2021/2022. The type of research used in this research is classroom action research (CAR) with a quantitative approach, and the model chosen in this study is the Kurt Lewin model which consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. This can be seen from the learning outcomes of students in cycle I obtaining a total score of 876 with an average score of 73 with a classical completeness percentage of 41.66% and cycle II obtaining a total score of 1092 with an average score of 91 with a classical completeness percentage of 100%. Thus it can be interpreted that by using the application of media images on parts of plants and their functions can improve student learning outcomes

Deep Rooting In-Situ Expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup R8 in South Asia

The phylogeny of the indigenous Indian-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been determined and refined in previous reports. Similar to mtDNA superhaplogroups M and N, a profusion of reports are also available for superhaplogroup R. However, there is a dearth of information on South Asian subhaplogroups in particular, including R8. Therefore, we ought to access the genealogy and pre-historic expansion of haplogroup R8 which is considered one of the autochthonous lineages of South Asia.Upon screening the mtDNA of 5,836 individuals belonging to 104 distinct ethnic populations of the Indian subcontinent, we found 54 individuals with the HVS-I motif that defines the R8 haplogroup. Complete mtDNA sequencing of these 54 individuals revealed two deep-rooted subclades: R8a and R8b. Furthermore, these subclades split into several fine subclades. An isofrequency contour map detected the highest frequency of R8 in the state of Orissa. Spearman's rank correlation analysis suggests significant correlation of R8 occurrence with geography.The coalescent age of newly-characterized subclades of R8, R8a (15.4+/-7.2 Kya) and R8b (25.7+/-10.2 Kya) indicates that the initial maternal colonization of this haplogroup occurred during the middle and upper Paleolithic period, roughly around 40 to 45 Kya. These results signify that the southern part of Orissa currently inhabited by Munda speakers is likely the origin of these autochthonous maternal deep-rooted haplogroups. Our high-resolution study on the genesis of R8 haplogroup provides ample evidence of its deep-rooted ancestry among the Orissa (Austro-Asiatic) tribes

Recent progress in development of dressings used for diabetic wounds with special emphasis on scaffolds

Diabetic wound (DW) is a secondary application of uncontrolled diabetes and affects about 42.2% of diabetics. If the disease is left untreated/uncontrolled, then it may further lead to amputation of organs. In recent years, huge research has been done in the area of wound dressing to have a better maintenance of DW. These include gauze, films, foams or, hydrocolloid-based dressings as well as polysaccharide-and polymer-based dressings. In recent years, scaffolds have played major role as biomaterial for wound dressing due to its tissue regeneration properties as well as fluid absorption capacity. These are three-dimensional polymeric structures formed from polymers that help in tissue rejuvenation. These offer a large surface area to volume ratio to allow cell adhesion and exudate absorbing capacity and antibacterial properties. They also offer a better retention as well as sustained release of drugs that are directly impregnated to the scaffolds or the ones that are loaded in nanocarriers that are impregnated onto scaffolds. The present review comprehensively describes the pathogenesis of DW, various dressings that are used so far for DW, the limitation of currently used wound dressings, role of scaffolds in topical delivery of drugs, materials used for scaffold fabrication, and application of various polymer-based scaffolds for treating DW