Sensory Evaluation of Antioxidant Enriched and Iron Based Prebiotic Milk Cake

The main objective of this research study was to develop antioxidant enriched and iron based prebiotic milk cake and to evaluate sensory analysis of newly prepared milk cake. In this research study, control milk cake was developed without prebiotics and experimental milk cake was prepared by different percentage of prebiotics. As a prebiotics kiwi fruits powder was used. The nutritional value of bakery goods and their potential for use in feeding programmes and emergencies captured the attention of customers. After sensory analysis, it was found that T3 treatment combination was showed higher overall acceptability

Obesity Worsens Gulf War Illness Symptom Persistence Pathology by Linking Altered Gut Microbiome Species to Long-Term Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Neuronal Inflammation in a Mouse Model

Persistence of Gulf War illness (GWI) pathology among deployed veterans is a clinical challenge even after almost three decades. Recent studies show a higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic disturbances among Gulf War veterans primarily due to the existence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic fatigue, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet. We test the hypothesis that obesity from a Western-style diet alters host gut microbial species and worsens gastrointestinal and neuroinflammatory symptom persistence. We used a 5 month Western diet feeding in mice that received prior Gulf War (GW) chemical exposure to mimic the home phase obese phenotype of the deployed GW veterans. The host microbial profile in the Western diet-fed GWI mice showed a significant decrease in butyrogenic and immune health-restoring bacteria. The altered microbiome was associated with increased levels of IL6 in the serum, Claudin-2, IL6, and IL1β in the distal intestine with concurrent inflammatory lesions in the liver and hyperinsulinemia. Microbial dysbiosis was also associated with frontal cortex levels of increased IL6 and IL1β, activated microglia, decreased levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and higher accumulation of phosphorylated Tau, an indicator of neuroinflammation-led increased risk of cognitive deficiencies. Mechanistically, serum from Western diet-fed mice with GWI significantly increased microglial activation in transformed microglial cells, increased tyrosyl radicals, and secreted IL6. Collectively, the results suggest that an existing obese phenotype in GWI worsens persistent gastrointestinal and neuronal inflammation, which may contribute to poor outcomes in restoring cognitive function and resolving fatigue, leading to the deterioration of quality of life

Impact of Rapid Urbanization on the Rates of Infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a country where acute dehydrating diarrhea or cholera is common and is seen at least two times every year and additionally in natural disasters. In addition cholera cases have increased in the country, especially in urban settings such as in the capital city, Dhaka, where the number of hospitalized patients with more severe disease has tremendously increased. In the present observation, we have concentrated on determining the occurrence of diarrhoea caused by the two most common bacterial agents V. cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in a densely populated, disease prone area Mirpur in Dhaka for two years from March 2008 to February 2010. Stool or rectal specimens from diarrheal patients coming to the ICDDR,B hospital from Mirpur were tested for the two bacterial pathogens. We found that V. cholerae O1 was the major bacterial pathogen and a cause of severe cholera disease in 23% of patients (2,647 of a total of 11,395 patients) from Mirpur. We surmise that cholera vaccines, as well as other public health tools that can target such high risk groups in the country, will be able to reduce the disease morbidity and the transmission of pathogens to improve the quality of life in urban settings

P2P, ad hoc and sensor networks – All the different or all the same?

Currently, data management technologies are in the process of finding their way into evolving networks, i.e. P2P, ad hoc and wireless sensor networks. We examine the properties, differences and commonalities of the different types of evolving networks, in order to enable the development of adequate technologies suiting their characteristics. We start with presenting definitions for the different network types, before arranging them in a network hierarchy, to gain a clear view of the area. Then, we analyze and compare the example applications for each of the types using different design dimensions. Based on this work, we finally present a comparison of P2P, ad hoc and wireless sensor networks

Early life child micronutrient status, maternal reasoning, and a nurturing household environment have persistent influences on child cognitive development at age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED

Background: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. Methods: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. Results: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. Conclusions: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development.publishedVersio

Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years : Results from MAL-ED

Funding Information: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. This work was also supported by the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (D43-TW009359 to ETR). Author disclosures: BJJM, SAR, LEC, LLP, JCS, BK, RR, RS, ES, LB, ZR, AM, RS, BN, SH, MR, RO, ETR, and LEM-K, no conflicts of interest. Supplemental Tables 1–5 and Supplemental Figures 1–3 are available from the “Supplementary data” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn/. Address correspondence to LEM-K (e-mail: [email protected]). Abbreviations used: HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment inventory; MAL-ED, The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project; TfR, transferrin receptor; WPPSI, Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence.Peer reviewe

Metal Complexes of Sulphur-Nitrogen Chelating Agents: Part IX-Nickel(II), Palladium(II) & Cobalt(II) Complexes of (2-Aminocyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxy)-S-acetic Acid

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Metal complexes of sulphur-nitrogen chelating agents. Part 10 . The chemistry of palladium(II) complexes with some monoanionic tridentate ligands of the type SNN

Complexes of the type [PdLX](X = Cl or Br) have been obtained with the tridentate ligands (HL) : methyl 2-(β-aminoethylamino)cyclopent-1-enedithiocarboxylate (HL1), methyl 2-(β-aminopropylamino)cyclopent-1-enedithiocarboxylate (HL2), and methyl 2-(β-diethylaminoethylamino)cyclopent-1-enedithiocarboxylate (HL3). The reactions between [PdLX] and a stoicheiometric amount of silver perchlorate in acetonitrile and 99% methanol lead to the formation of the complexes [PdL(MeCN)]ClO4 and [PdL(H2O)]ClO4 respectively. The co-ordinated solvents in these compounds can be easily substituted by other nucleophilic bases (B) and the corresponding complexes [PdL(B)]ClO4 are obtained. Due to steric effects complexes of the type [PdL(py)]X (X = Cl, Br, or ClO4; py = pyridine) cannot be prepared for the ligand HL3. In dry acetone the reaction between [PdLBr](L = L1 or L2) and silver perchlorate in 2 : 1 molar ratio results in the formation of [Pd2L2Br]ClO4. The same reaction in acidic medium (pH 2) affords [Pd(HL)Br]ClO4. However, when the reactants are used in 1 : 1 molar proportion no stable product can be isolated. The heats of dissociation (ΔH) for the reaction [PdL1(B)]Cl >[PdL1Cl]+ B (B = pyridine, NH2Et, or NHEt2) have been compared with the analogous nickel(II) complexes, and the results show slightly greater bond strengths of Ni-B

Metal complexes of sulphur-nitrogen chelating agents: Part 11 - Synthesis, characterisation, and thermodynamics of nucleophilic substitution reactions of monohalogeno nickel(II) complexes of tridentate ligands of the type SNN in solution and the solid state

Square-planar nickel(II) complexes [NiLX](X = Cl, Br, I, or SCN) have been obtained through deprotonation of the ligands methyl 2-(β-aminoethylamino)cyclopent-1-enedithiocarboxylate (HL1), methyl 2-(β-aminoisopropylamino)cyclopent-1-enedithiocarboxylate (HL2), and methyl 2-(β-diethylaminoethylamino)cyclopent-1-enedithiocarboxylate (HL3). Diamagnetic complexes of composition [NiL(MeCN)][ClO4](L = L1-L3) and [Ni2L2(HL)][ClO4]2(L = L1 or L2) have also been synthesised. The equilibrium constants for the nucleophilic substitution reaction [NiL2X]+ B ⇌[NiL2(B)]++ X-(X = Cl, Br, or I; B = pyridine and its methyl-substituted derivatives) have been determined spectrophotometrically in the temperature range 25-50 ¯C. A linear correlation has been obtained between the ΔH⊖ and ΔS⊖ values. The enthalpy changes (ΔH2) and activation energies (Ea*) for the thermal dissociation [NiL2(B)]X(s)→[NiL2X](s)+ B(g) have been determined. A linear correlation has been found between the (ΔS2) and Ea* values

Effect of Aloe vera and clove powder supplementation on carcass characteristics, composition and serum enzymes of Japanese quails

Aim: The aim was to study the effect of Aloe vera and clove powder supplementation on carcass characteristics, composition and serum enzymes of Japanese quails. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 120-day-old Japanese quails, which were randomly divided into four treatment groups viz. T1-control, T2-0.5% A. vera, T3-0.5% clove, and T4-(0.25% A. vera + 0.25% clove) powder, each having three replications consisting of ten Japanese quails. The birds in control group (T1) were fed no supplement whereas in treatments T2-T4 birds were supplemented with A. vera leaf powder, clove, and mixture of both (powdered form) at 0.5, 0.5, and 0.25+0.25% of feed, respectively. After 7 days of brooding, a feeding trial of 35 days was conducted. On 35th day of trial birds were sacrificed and dressing percentage, cut up parts, organ weight, processing losses and carcass meat composition of the breast, thigh, and drumstick were recorded. Blood samples were collected on the same day and serum was separated to evaluate serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Results: It showed significantly (p0.05) differences were observed in giblet weight, other cut up parts and composition of the breast, thigh, and drumstick muscles in all the treatment groups. Serum ALT and AST did not vary significantly among different treatment groups. Conclusion: A. vera and clove supplementation improved the dressing percentage and breast weight without adversely affecting the meat composition and serum enzymes. Thus, these can be used as a growth promoter in Japanese quails