THYMUS-DERIVED CELL (T CELL) ACTIVATION BY HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGENS AS A REPLACEMENT OF SPECIFIC IMMUNE T CELLS IN THE TRANSFER OF THE SECONDARY RESPONSE TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES

Spleen cells from LAF1 mice hyperimmune to sheep erythrocytes (SE) lost their ability to transfer a secondary response to irradiated recipients after incubation with anti-θ and rabbit complement in vitro. Small numbers of specific immune cells even when taken 3 days after a primary SE injection reconstituted the direct and indirect plaque-forming cell responses. Larger numbers of cells sensitized to B. abortus (or keyhole limpet hemocyanin), and given together with the corresponding antigen, also partially reconstituted the ability to respond to SE. This property was mediated by θ-bearing cells and was interpreted as due to a nonspecific humoral factor liberated by specifically activated T cells and acting on B cell proliferation or maturation

Levantamento Mundial da Estimulaçao Cardíaca Artificial no Ano de 2001

Foi realizado um levantamento do número de procedimentos em estimulaçao cardíaca artificial permanente, incluindo marcapassos convencionais, cardioversores-desfibriladores implantáveis (CDIs) e ressincronizadores, no ano de 2001. Cinqüenta países, 22 da Europa, 16 do Leste Asiático/Oceania, três do Oriente Médio/Africa e nove das Américas contribuíram para o levantamento. Em números absolutos, os Estados Unidos da América realizaram o maior número de implantes de marcapassos convencionais, mas a Alemanha apresentou o maior número de novos implantes por milhao de habitantes. Virtualmente, todos os países que participaram do levantamento de 1997 mostraram aumento significativo nos números relativos aos implantes, ao longo desses quatro anos. Bloqueios atrioventriculares avançados e doença do nó sinusal foram as indicaçoes mais freqüentes para o implante de marcapasso cardíaco, com menos de 2% de marcapassos biventriculares nos países que implantaram este tipo de sistema em 2001. Permanece uma alta porcentagem de marcapassos VVI(R) nos países em desenvolvimento, com apenas poucos países utilizando números substanciais de cabos-eletrodos únicos VDD e sistemas AAI(R). Desde o levantamento de 1997 houve um aumento no uso de sistemas DDD(R) na maioria dos países, geralmente com diminuiçao do uso do modo VVI(R). Os cabos-eletrodos foram predominantemente transvenosos, bipolares e de fixaçao passiva. Houve, entretanto, um aumento no uso de cabos-eletrodos de fixaçao ativa no átrio. Houve também um aumento muito significativo no uso de CDIs, com a maior utilizaçao nos Estados Unidos da América. Foi estabelecido um grupo de entusiásticos coordenadores de levantamento. O recrutamento de novos países vai continuar para que se possa obter uma experiência global da utilizaçao de marcapassos cardíacos e CDIs

Levantamento Mundial da Estimulaçao Cardíaca Artificial no Ano de 2001

Foi realizado um levantamento do número de procedimentos em estimulaçao cardíaca artificial permanente, incluindo marcapassos convencionais, cardioversores-desfibriladores implantáveis (CDIs) e ressincronizadores, no ano de 2001. Cinqüenta países, 22 da Europa, 16 do Leste Asiático/Oceania, três do Oriente Médio/Africa e nove das Américas contribuíram para o levantamento. Em números absolutos, os Estados Unidos da América realizaram o maior número de implantes de marcapassos convencionais, mas a Alemanha apresentou o maior número de novos implantes por milhao de habitantes. Virtualmente, todos os países que participaram do levantamento de 1997 mostraram aumento significativo nos números relativos aos implantes, ao longo desses quatro anos. Bloqueios atrioventriculares avançados e doença do nó sinusal foram as indicaçoes mais freqüentes para o implante de marcapasso cardíaco, com menos de 2% de marcapassos biventriculares nos países que implantaram este tipo de sistema em 2001. Permanece uma alta porcentagem de marcapassos VVI(R) nos países em desenvolvimento, com apenas poucos países utilizando números substanciais de cabos-eletrodos únicos VDD e sistemas AAI(R). Desde o levantamento de 1997 houve um aumento no uso de sistemas DDD(R) na maioria dos países, geralmente com diminuiçao do uso do modo VVI(R). Os cabos-eletrodos foram predominantemente transvenosos, bipolares e de fixaçao passiva. Houve, entretanto, um aumento no uso de cabos-eletrodos de fixaçao ativa no átrio. Houve também um aumento muito significativo no uso de CDIs, com a maior utilizaçao nos Estados Unidos da América. Foi estabelecido um grupo de entusiásticos coordenadores de levantamento. O recrutamento de novos países vai continuar para que se possa obter uma experiência global da utilizaçao de marcapassos cardíacos e CDIs

Predictors of professional help-seeking for emotional problems in Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Australia : findings from the Building a New Life in Australia Database

ackground: Refugees are particularly vulnerable to poor mental health outcomes due to exposure to pre migration trauma and post migration stressors. Research has demonstrated evidence to suggest that the professional help-seeking among refugee groups is low or problematic. This study seeks to examine help-seeking for emotional problems in two large samples of Iraqi and Afghan refugees in Australia. Methods: This study uses data from two waves of the Building a New Life in Australia, the longitudinal study of Humanitarian migrants. The data was collected face-To-face between 2013 and 2016, among humanitarian migrants. All participants held a permanent protection visa and had arrived in Australia or been granted their visa between period of May to December 2013. The study sample included 1288 participants born in Iraq and Afghanistan (aged 15 and over). In the Wave 3 interview (2015-2016) participants reported on professional help received to deal with emotional problems. Results: Approximately 36 and 37% of the Iraqi and Afghan groups respectively, reported seeking help for emotional problems. Within the Iraqi group, associations between mental health status, namely general psychological distress and PTSD and help-seeking were found but this was not present in the Afghan group, where age seemed to play a role in help-seeking. Frequency of help received was low with approximately 47% of the Iraqi and 57% of the Afghan groups reporting having received help 5 times or less in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Findings from this study provide clear directions on areas where culturally tailored mental health promotion programs should target in these two refugee communities. Further, the differences in help-seeking behaviour of these communities should be noted by both clinicians and policy makers as efforts to provide culturally responsive mental health services

Kinetic approaches to particle acceleration at cosmic ray modified shocks

Kinetic approaches provide an effective description of the process of particle acceleration at shock fronts and allow to take into account the dynamical reaction of the accelerated particles as well as the amplification of the turbulent magnetic field as due to streaming instability. The latter does in turn affect the maximum achievable momentum and thereby the acceleration process itself, in a chain of causality which is typical of non-linear systems. Here we provide a technical description of two of these kinetic approaches and show that they basically lead to the same conclusions. In particular we discuss the effects of shock modification on the spectral shape of the accelerated particles, on the maximum momentum, on the thermodynamic properties of the background fluid and on the escaping and advected fluxes of accelerated particles.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Non-exponential hydrodynamical growth in density-stratified thin Keplerian discs

The short time evolution of three dimensional small perturbations is studied. Exhibiting spectral asymptotic stability, thin discs are nonetheless shown to host intensive hydrodynamical activity in the shape of non modal growth of initial small perturbations. Two mechanisms that lead to such behavior are identified and studied, namely, non-resonant excitation of vertically confined sound waves by stable planar inertia-coriolis modes that results in linear growth with time, as well as resonant coupling of those two modes that leads to a quadratic growth of the initial perturbations. It is further speculated that the non modal growth can give rise to secondary strato-rotational instabilities and thus lead to a new route to turbulence generation in thin discs

運動情報の可聴化に関する研究

電気通信大学201

Characterizing normal crossing hypersurfaces

The objective of this article is to give an effective algebraic characterization of normal crossing hypersurfaces in complex manifolds. It is shown that a hypersurface has normal crossings if and only if it is a free divisor, has a radical Jacobian ideal and a smooth normalization. Using K. Saito's theory of free divisors, also a characterization in terms of logarithmic differential forms and vector fields is found and and finally another one in terms of the logarithmic residue using recent results of M. Granger and M. Schulze.Comment: v2: typos fixed, final version to appear in Math. Ann.; 24 pages, 2 figure

On the role of injection in kinetic approaches to nonlinear particle acceleration at non-relativistic shock waves

The dynamical reaction of the particles accelerated at a shock front by the first order Fermi process can be determined within kinetic models that account for both the hydrodynamics of the shocked fluid and the transport of the accelerated particles. These models predict the appearance of multiple solutions, all physically allowed. We discuss here the role of injection in selecting the real solution, in the framework of a simple phenomenological recipe, which is a variation of what is sometimes referred to as thermal leakage. In this context we show that multiple solutions basically disappear and when they are present they are limited to rather peculiar values of the parameters. We also provide a quantitative calculation of the efficiency of particle acceleration at cosmic ray modified shocks and we identify the fraction of energy which is advected downstream and that of particles escaping the system from upstream infinity at the maximum momentum. The consequences of efficient particle acceleration for shock heating are also discussed