Chef de Musique or Chef de Macaroni: The Twisted History of the European Military Music in Persia

This article focuses on the history of European military music in Persia and shows how this history was twisted by French/Artesian patriotism and self-promotion. In order to provide an alternative history, this article explores various sources and introduces several European musicians who worked in Persia in the nineteenth century, including the Italian Marco Brambilla

Qand-i Pārsī: An Introduction to Twenty Persian Texts on Indo-Persian Music

An introduction to twenty Persian musical texts written in India which included both Persian and Indian musi

Analysis of the Elastic Field in Functionally Graded Materials

In this thesis, the elastic field in circular beams and pipes made of functionally graded materials is considered. The following aspects are presented First, the thermoelastic stress field in a functionally graded curved beam, where the elastic stiffness varies in the radial direction, is considered. An analytical solution is obtained where the radial variation of the stiffness is represented by a fairly general form. The stress fields corresponding to two different cases for the elastic properties are examined. The flexural stress in the curved beam is then compared with that of a ring. A relatively simple ap­ proximate solution is then developed and this is shown to be in good agreement with the analytical results. Secondly, the effect of a nonconstant Poisson’s ratio upon the elastic field in functionally graded axisymmetric solids is analyzed. Both of the elastic coefficients, i.e. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, are permitted to vary in the radial direction. These elastic coefficients are considered to be func­ tions of composition and are related on this basis. This allows a closed form solution for the stress function to be obtained. Two cases are discussed in this investigation: a) both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are allowed to vary across the radius and the effect of spatial variation of Poisson’s ratio upon the maximum radial displacement is investigated; b) Young’s modulus is taken as constant and the change in the maximum hoop stress resulting from a variable Poisson’s ratio is calculated. Thirdly, the stress concentration factor around a circular hole in an infinite plate subjected to uniform biaxial tension and pure shear is considered. The plate is made of a functionally graded material where both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio vary in the radial direction. For plane stress conditions, the governing differential equation for the stress function is derived and solved. A general form for the stress concentration factor in case of biaxial tension is presented. Using a Frobenius series solution, the stress concentration factor is calculated for pure shear case. The stress concentration factor for uniax­ ial tension is then obtained by superposition of these two modes. The effect of nonhomogeneous stiffness and varying Poisson’s ratio upon the stress con­ centration factors are analyzed. A reasonable approximation in the practical range of Young’s modulus is obtained for the stress concentration factor in pure shear loading

Exchange rate pass-through to price indices in Iran

One of the major challenges for monetary policy is to predict how exchange rate fluctuations affect inflation and price indices. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the exchange rate fluctuation in the price indices in Iran. This paper analyzes the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on price indices and other macroeconomic variables of Iran during the period of 2004-Q1 to 2018-Q4, using the framework of a recursive VAR model, drawing on Bernanke (1986) and Sims (1986).The results indicate that the transfer of exchange rate changes to price indices is imperfect, such that the exchange rate path through to consumer, producer, and import prices is from 14.68%, 15.55% and 18.22% in the first period increase to 51.78%, 53.15% and 88.14% in the 13th period. In addition, the results indicate that the exchange rate path-through decreases along the distribution chain, with the highest exchange rate passing through the import prices, producer prices and consumer prices, respectively. The result has interesting implications for Iran’s ability to attain an effective inflation-targeting regime. Monetary policy makers should curb exchange rate fluctuations by adopting appropriate exchange rate policies in order to minimize the uncertainty of the consumer price index. The study contributes to the literature by assessing the effect of changes in the exchange rate (the Iranian Rial vis-à-vis the US$) on prices using an updated time series from 2004 to 2018. It addresses the limitations of the previous studies, which found no strong relationship between the exchange rate and inflation rate in the Iranian context. One of these limitations was using the CPI, as the only price index

A cointegration analysis of tax evasion, corruption and entrepreneurship in OECD countries

This paper explores the long-run relationship among tax evasion, corruption and different stages of entrepreneurial activities for 31 OECD countries based on a series of annual data during the period of 2000–2010. The analysis was conducted using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) approaches. The results clearly suggest the existence of a statistically significant long-run relationship between Tax evasion, corruption and entrepreneurial activities. In addition, the findings reveal that (1) corruption has a negative impact on all three stages of entrepreneurial motivation, total entrepreneurship activity and established entrepreneurship, and (2) using the DOLS and FMOLS estimates, tax evasion has a negative effect on the TEA and established entrepreneurship, while it has a positive impact on the entrepreneurial motivation. Consequently, if entrepreneurship is one of the main drivers of economic growth, policymakers and the government should simultaneously adopt policies to combat corruption and reduce institutional weaknesses when trying to reduce tax evasion

Heritage Values in the Rehabilitation of Gobbe-Sabz, Iran

Gobbe-Sabz (Green Cupola) is one of the most important and prominent build­ings in Kerman, Iran, dating back to the Qara-khitai dynasty (1222–1306 AD). It was a huge complex of buildings that was almost totally destroyed in an earthquake. Every building during its lifecycle from creation to deterioration acquires values that are important in making any decision about restoration. Brandi’s theory of restoration considers ruins as a work of art, claiming that they are the result of a unique, creative process. He asserts it is necessary to have a creative process for restoration to reclaim its significance in the human consciousness. Although there remains only a small part of Gobbe-Sabz, many remarkable heritage values have been added over time that could be helpful in the creative process for its conservation. The present situation of Gobbe-Sabz precludes rebuilding it as active and complete architecture, determining the process of rehabilitating its original condition. Moreover, some heritage values and meanings have been added to it across the years which are a collection of ideas and concepts that can be useful in deciding the conservation process. In this regard, this research proposes conservation strategies and a conceptual framework for the reha­bilitation of the historic ruins based on their current situation.Gobbe-Sabz (Cupola verde) è una delle costruzioni più importanti di Kerman, in Iran, risalente alla dinastia Qara-khitai (1222–1306 d.C.). Era costituito da un enorme complesso di edifici che fu quasi completamente distrutto da un terremoto. Ogni edifi­cio durante il suo ciclo di vita dalla ideazione al deterioramento acquisisce valori impor­tanti fondamentali per progettare il restauro. La teoria del restauro di Brandi considera le rovine come un’opera d’arte, sostenendo che esse sono il risultato di un processo unico e creativo. Afferma che è necessario un processo creativo per il restauro al fine di restituire il suo significato nella coscienza umana. Sebbene rimanga solo una picco­la parte di Gobbe-Sabz, nel tempo sono stati aggiunti molti valori culturali che potreb­bero essere utili nel processo creativo per la sua conservazione. L’attuale situazione di Gobbe-Sabz preclude la ricostruzione come architettura attiva e completa, deter­minando il processo di ripristino della sua condizione originale. Inoltre, alcuni valori e significati storici sono stati aggiunti nel corso degli anni. Questi forniscono una raccolta di idee e concetti che possono essere utili nel decidere il processo di conservazione. A tal proposito, questa ricerca propone strategie di conservazione e un quadro conc­ettuale per la valorizzazione delle rovine storiche in base alla loro situazione attuale

アフガニスタンのカブール市の統計的生命の価値の推定に対する耐震補強とリスク曲線の影響

熊本大