Link level imuslations for 5G remote area scenario

Abstract. The main object of this thesis is to utilize the Vienna 5G link-level simulator and to introduce modifications which are needed to include new scenarios, such as remote area case. The Vienna 5G link-level simulator is a simulation platform for promoting 5th generation (5G) research and development for the mobile communications system. This work gives a general overview of the link-level simulator platform to evaluate the average performance of the 5G physical layer (PHY) schemes. In many places across the world, there is no reliable internet connectivity in remote areas. Remote area connectivity is a kind of "missing scenario" of standard 5G solution, which focuses on improved data rate, latency, and massive internet of things (IoT). This work addresses views of connectivity in remote areas with 5G solutions, focusing on wireless radio technologies. The study of 5G physical layer performance evaluation is performed for downlink transmission using single-input and single-output (SISO) techniques. This thesis focused on the performance of waveforms, which can be effectively used in remote area communication systems. The analysis of the simulation results signifies that generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) would be the better option for remote area communication than other waveforms investigated in this study. This work also focused on the performance of channel coding schemes in order to determine the appropriate channel coding scheme for the 5G mobile communication system for medium length message transmission in remote area communication. The polar code appears to be the best possible channel code for medium-length message data transmission in remote areas based on the study of channel coding schemes

Experimental analysis and comparison of performance characteristics of catalytic converters

The purpose of this chapter is to present the results of an experimental study of the performance and conversion efficiencies of ceramic monolith three-way catalytic converters (TWCC) employed in automotive exhaust lines for the reduction of gasoline emissions. Two ceramic converters of different cell density, substrate length, hydraulic channel diameter and \vall thickness were studied to investigate the effect of varying key parameters on conversion efficiencies and pressure drop. Based on the emission test results, the conversion efficiencies of HC from both converters were calculated and evaluated

Experimental analysis to determine the relationship between noise and back pressure for muffler design – Part II: Experimental results

This chapter describes the final part of the detailed methodology of relationship between noise and back pressure for muffler design. This part includes experimental setup, experimental procedures, results and discussions. The experimental data show a general shape of an average design ofthe muffler which would be the most suitable for the test car

Exhaust system optimization using GT- Power

The exhaust system consists of the exhaust manifold, the header, the catalytic converter, the muffler, and the tailpipe. Certain flow characteristics must be met for the optimal performance of the exhaust system. The main objective of this chapter is to design exhaust system (particularly the exhaust manifold) using GT-Power software and to optimize its performance

Experimental analysis and simulation of catalytic converters

The purpose of this chapter is to present the results of an experimental study ofthe performance of ceramic monolith three-way catalytic converters (TWCC) employed in automotive exhaust lines for the reduction of gasoline emissions. Two ceramic converters of different cell density, substrate length, hydraulic channel diameter and wall thickness were investigated. After completing the test, the converters were cut to extract the substrate or 'honeycomb' inside the housing and being analyzed for microstructure and materials composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis (EDX). Simulation program using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software packages, GAMBIT and FLUENT 6.1 was used to verify experimental results

Experimental analysis to determine the relationship between noise and back pressure for muffler design – Part I: Muffler design requirements

This chapter describes part of the detailed methodology of relationship between noise and back pressure for muffler design. Starting with a brief introduction, an attempt is made here to present different steps of muffler design considering the relation between noise and back pressure. The design ofthe muffler chamber separation and arrangement is essential in determining the muffler characteristics. Some design considerations are proposed in order to come up with an optimum muffler design

Canalscape : a conceptual study to modify the existing landform in relation to the environment for the sustainable development of rural Bangladesh

This study reviews the existing physical, environmental, agricultural, and socioeconomical conditions of Bangladesh and problems associated with these. Poverty, exploding population, poor production in agricultural sectors with natural disturbance (such as excessive flooding and drought), and other environmental problems (such as deforestation and extinction of biota) hinder the progress of the nation. This study also investigates the possibility to reshape the existing landscape to reduce the ongoing crises by carrying out a new idea Canalscape. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to test the idea into an actual vilage. An economic analysis of this project has also been done to test its effectiveness. Findings 1. The rural poor makes up most of the population in Bangladesh, and their economy is predominantly dependent on agriculture. Thus, agriculture plays a major role in the nation\u27s developmental planning. 2. Flooding is a major problem of Bangladesh. Primary and secondary floods cause damage to the standing crops and inhibit the cultivation of modern high yielding varieties (HYV). Although tertiary flooding causes severe destruction, this is not a regular event in the monsoon cycle. As for agriculture, primary and secondary floods seem more important because of their occurrence during the critical period of crop growth. 3. If primary and secondary floods can be controlled, the country can achieve a significant increase in crop production. 4. The flat topography of the existing landscape makes this delta prone to flooding. If the landform can be modified so that it can hold the excessive water during flooding seasons, more crop area can be opened for cultivation. 5. Embanking the major rivers without making any attempts to circulate the floodwater into the flood plain will cause long term economic and environmental harm. 6. A Canalscape is simply a network of canals along with levees/roads to reshape the existing flat topography. This will control the movement of floodwater during monsoons and provide irrigation for dry winter seasons by storing the excess water in its system. This transformation, moreover, will intensify the total use of the land. The Canalscape suggests coping with the flood events rather than stopping them. 7. The Canalscape provides a necessary physical infrastructure to apply a successful farming system. To increase the overall production the Canalscape generates other income sources such as fishery, forestry, livestock, and so forth. 8. The Canalscape induces a relatively safer environmental condition and designs an organized social structure into it to sustain the growth. 9. If the transformation can be done properly, the land will become more productive. The example analysis in this study indicates that an approximate 200 percent increase in overall production could be possible