The Role of Surakarta City Government in Providing Legal Aid for People with Disabilities in Criminal Cases

Equality before the law is a symbol of justice in law enforcement, but in its implementation often there is legal discrimination against one group of people namely the disabled. Imperfections of persons with disabilities should not be a cause of loss of their dignity. But back in reality, people with disabilities often become vulnerable and marginalized people in social life. Therefore, it is necessary to have a law or regulation that contains the protection of the rights of the disabled group so that they do not experience discrimination and are guaranteed their rights as citizens like the others. In addition to the laws that govern, legal assistance is also needed from the government and legal aid institutions to provide assistance when they (the disabled) face the law. The existence of Law No. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid has shown the government's commitment in providing equal justice before the law. The implementation of providing legal aid services contained in the Legal Aid Act is not carried out directly by the government, but by the Legal Aid Institute (LBH) which is a social organization (Ormas).Keywords: human rights; legal aid; people with disabilities

Groundwater quality in coastal area: A case study in Parangtritis Village, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Groundwater in coastal areas is one of the natural resources that is vulnerable to quality degradation due to population activities in coastal areas. This is also the case in Parangtritis Village, a coastal area with various potential regions for the population's welfare, ranging from tourism to agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries. Therefore, this study explores groundwater quality in Parangtritis Village, Kretek District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Groundwater quality data was collected through field surveys based on land use, with water quality parameters including odor, color, nitrate, nitrite, and E. coli. The Minister of Health Regulation Document Number 32 of 2017 was adopted as a benchmark for groundwater quality in the research area. Further, by using the gathered data, the groundwater quality was classified based on limiting parameters. Groundwater quality is distributed based on limiting parameters such as odor, color, nitrite, and E. coli bacteria. Odor and color limitations are found in agricultural areas, tourism areas, and fish farms. Nitrite limitations are found in residential and livestock areas. E. coli bacteria limitations are found in all land use areas

Menyingkap perkembangan perbandaran Ipoh menjadi sebuah bandaraya

Bandar Ipoh merupakan bandar yang terkenal di Malaysia sebagai bandar yang berkembang hasil perlombongan bijih timah. Perkembangan perbandaran yang unik ini menjadikan Ipoh terkenal dari Tanah Melayu kepada Malaysia. Artikel ini akan meneliti atau menyingkap perkembangan perbandaran di Ipoh dengan memberi perhatian terhadap perkembangan industri dan perbandaran di Ipoh sejak menjadi bandar sumber bijih timah di Lembah Kinta sehingga kini. Perkembangan industri dan perbandaran di Ipoh amat penting kepada manusia pada hari ini kerana bandar ini menjadi pusat tumpuan manusia untuk mendapatkan pelbagai keperluan kehidupan. Perkembangan dan perbandaran seringkan dikaitkan dengan dasar dan perancangan bandar. Antara perkara penting yang diteliti iaitu perkembangan industri bijih timah kepada industri perkilangan dan elektronik serta industri simen. Perkembangan ini membawa pertumbuhan petempatan serta peningkatan penduduk. Kajian ini hanya melibatkan analisis deskriptif dan statistik dari data sekunder secara bertulis dan bukan bertulis dari pelbagai agensi kerajaan, swasta dan NGO termasuk data sejarah. Ipoh mengalami perkembangan industri dan pertambahan penduduk yang pesat seiring dengan fungsi dan kedudukannya sebagai sebuah bandaraya yang terletak dalam daerah Kinta, dan merupakan ibu negeri dan pusat pentadbiran Perak Darul Ridzuan. Kedudukan dan perkembangan Ipoh di Lembah Kinta berfungsi sebagai bandar sumber bijih sehingga sebagai sebuah Bandaraya yang terletak kira-kira 200 km ke utara Kuala Lumpur merupakan bandaraya keempat terbesar di Malaysia selepas Kuala Lumpur, Georgetown, dan Johor Bahru. Perkembangan perbandaran melibatkan perkembangan industri dan aktiviti perbandaran di pusat bandar sehingga melimpah ke sekitarnya seperti Chemor, Jelapang, Falim, Menglembu, Tambun dan Tanjung Rambutan. Kajian ini mendapati juga perbandaran di Ipoh semakin berkembang di kawasan Pekan Lama dan Pekan Baru yang mana dipecahkan oleh Sungai Kinta ditengah-tengah bandarnya. Permulaan aktiviti industri di Ipoh dipelopori oleh pusat perdagangan dan perlombongan kaum Cina. Pembangunan yang meningkat selaras dengan jumlah penduduk Ipoh seramai 710,798 (2007) dan jumlah penduduk di sekitar bandaraya 1,022,240 di Ipoh yang dipelopori majoriti kaum Cina. Ruang petempatan penduduk di Ipoh bertumpu diMenglembu, Buntong, Tasek, Ampang, Bercham serta Pasir Puteh. Faktor ini menjadikan perkembangan perbandaran di bandaraya Ipoh menjadi semakin merebak di kawasan pinggir bandar Ipoh

Teachers need analysis: Development of the Urban Heat Island module based on a contextual approach

Since the nineteenth century, scientists have studied the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The negative effects of UHI could be mitigated with the help of interdisciplinary studies, but none have been performed so far. UHI research in schools has some holes that could seriously hinder students' grasp of climate change. The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether or not the Urban Heat Island module is necessary for enhancing students' understanding of climate change in the classroom. The Greater Solo Area Region's 72 geographic teachers were chosen at random for this study. Preliminary data on teachers' familiarity with UHI in the Greater Solo Area shows that, on average, they know very little about UHI. About 47 percent of the teachers surveyed had no understanding at all of UHI, while the remaining 25 percent had a moderate amount of knowledge, seven percent had high understanding, and three percent had very high understanding. Results from a test given to educators in both the suburbs and the city corroborated these observations. All teachers agreed that the UHI enrichment module created using a contextual approach was necessary as a supplementary medium for climate change material, as indicated by the results of the teacher needs assessment tests

Kemarau hidrologi dan kelestarian sumber air di Malaysia: kajian analisis sifat Lembangan Langat, Selangor

Perkembangan pesat dunia kini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah bandar lebih tinggi berbanding luar bandar dan sekaligus menyebabkan permintaan terhadap air bersih meningkat berlipat ganda. Bagi menilai kelestarian sumber air yang mencukupi bagi kegunaan manusia, satu pendekatan yang boleh digunakan untuk menunjukkan tahap keparahan kemarau ialah persentil Q90 dan Q95. Persentil Q90 merupakan paras amaran untuk pengurus air berkaitan paras kritikal luahan sungai dan persentil Q95 pula merupakan petunjuk luahan ekstrem. Kajian yang dijalankan di Lembangan Sungai Langat ini mendapati bilangan tahun yang telah dilanda kemarau di lembangan tersebut adalah pada paras Q90 sekitar 14 tahuan kemarau (TK) iaitu meliputi 29.2% daripada keseluruhan tempoh rekod (TR). Tahun-tahun tersebut meliputi tahun 1970, 1976-1978, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1996-1999, 2002 dan 2006. Berbeza dengan persentil Q95, jumlah tahun yang dilanda kemarau sebanyak 4 TK (8.3% daripada TR). Tahun-tahun tersebut meliputi 1977, 1980, 2002 dan 2006. Apa yang diperhatikan, purata landaan kemarau berselang tiga tahun sekali pada paras Q90 manakala pada paras Q95, ulangan berlaku setiap 12 tahun sekali. Keadaan sensitif kesan daripada kehadiran kemarau menyebabkan usaha perbekalan air terawat kepada pengguna telah terganggu. Kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi, kepesatan proses urbanisasi dan kerencaman kitaran hidrologi menyebabkan kehadiran kemarau walaupun singkat akan mudah dirasai. Justeru, pihak bertanggungjawab terhadap isu pengurusan sumber air perlu memberikan perhatian sewajarnya agar tidak wujud bencana yang disebabkan oleh kemarau terutamanya kepada penduduk

Low-carbon tourism approach as an alternative form for tourism development: a review for model development

The tourism industry is a major contributor to the gross domestic product of several countries, including Malaysia. However, recent tourism growth has led to increase the industry’s carbon dioxide (CO2). Low-carbon tourism, therefore, needs to be introduced to the sector to help curb global climate change. A comprehensive understanding of low-carbon tourism needs to be developed to achieve this goal. This article looks at the relevant studies in the literature using content analysis. By adopting a qualitative methodology, the article collected and assessed measurements of tourism’s carbon emissions and examined the effects of implementing a low-carbon tourism programme. Some of the low-carbon strategies were listed by going through the entire implementation process of low-carbon tourism as an alternative form of tourism development. The discussion also focuses on how Covid-19 can influence low-carbon tourism development. A blueprint for a low-carbon recovery proposed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is also presented at the end of the paper. The results of this study can be used as a basis for policy development and further research on low-carbon tourism in industry sub-sectors worldwide

Melestarikan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDGs) 2030 Di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT)

Kertas kerja ini menerangkan penggunaan media sosial iaitu Facebook Pages dan Instagram dan pembentukkan rubrik penilaian tugasan pelajar bagi kursus DRK3062 (Inovasi dan Reka Cipta). Responden adalah terdiri daripada pelajar Politeknik Kota Kinabalu semester tiga yang mengikuti kursus DRK3062 Inovasi Dan Reka Cipta. Media Sosial digunakan sebagai alat bantuan mengajar bagi mengatasi masalah semasa yang dihadapi proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Seterusnya pembentukkan rubrik penilaian tugasan juga dibentuk supaya penilaian lebih tepat dengan hasil kerja dan kreativiti pelajar. Media sosial yang dibangunkan adalah dengan menggunakan Facebook dan Instagram di mana terdapat video dan penerangan yang boleh dijadikan rujukan kepada pelajar untuk menyiapkan tugasan. Dengan membangunkan rubrik analitik, pensyarah dapat menganalisis kelebihan dan kelemahan seseorang pelajar. Kesimpulannya, pelajar memberikan respon positif terhadap penggunaan media sosial dan rubrik yang dibina. Penggunaan internet dalam proses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (P&P) adalah selari dengan perkembangan teknologi maklumat masa kini seterusnya menyokong transformasi pendidikan di Politeknik

An Exploration of Drivers and Strategies for Encouraging the Delivery of Green Building Projects in Housing Development

Green building has attracted increasing attention in recent years and the concept has a positive impact on the environment when adopted in the field of housing development. This study aims to explore the drivers and strategies that should be developed in order to encourage green building project delivery in housing development. This study uses an empirical approach that combines case study, quantitative, and qualitative methods. First, a questionnaire survey was distributed to housing developers in the Klang Valley (KV). A total of 234 developers returned completed questionnaires. The results of the quantitative analysis, based on descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, correlation, and multiple regression analysis showed that social and cultural drivers have the greatest effect on green building project delivery by housing developers. Next, the quantitative findings were applied to a qualitative case study and two companies in KV were investigated. Finally, the results were validated by interviewing five experts in the industry. The results of the experts’ interviews not only validated the findings obtained from the quantitative and qualitative analysis, but also provided in-depth explanations for the identified drivers and strategies

Relationship between Landuse Type and Temperature in Tanjong Malim, Perak

The purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between land use type and temperature in Tanjong Malim, Perak. Various analysis methodology have been examined to produce the relationship answer. One is correlation coefficient analysis. Beside that, GIS application is also used to produce temperature map. From the analysis done, they are several temperature variations detected in Tanjong Malim. Pearson correlation analysis is tested in three different situations namely average temperature for morning, noon and afternoon. Average temperature in the morning showed that the agriculture land use are with negative correlation value (r = -0.381), mean while average temperature in the noon showed the negative value for business and commercial land use (r = -0.541), and the average temperature for afternoon showed the positive value with residential area (r = 0.454). The negative value produced showed the flow of relationship is established within land use and temperature. The relationship between land use and temperature in Tanjong Malim is only at the level of medium high or very weak. There is no strong relationship between land use and temperature in Tanjong Malim. Urbanization is still low in this area and this does not affect the change and temperature variance in Tanjong Malim

Elements of the social system

In a social system it is not the nature of the means that matters. The focus of sociologists' attention lies in the problem of use as a process that is closely related to social systems. For example, in today's world there are people who do not want to eat pork, beef or horse, but for the cow, or horse, they are only a means, namely food for many people. This happens because of differences in value. In a social system there will be elements of pressure and tension. This arises because not even two people have exactly the same interpretation of the role and position of status, in any social system. The social system will experience pressure if there are differences in interpretation and when those differences turn into patterns of action. Tension is a form of behavior that cannot be separated from pressure because pressure is the source of restraint. This tension is closely related to the level of restraint received by a person from an individual or group. This restraint is intended by the pressure to avoid the tendency to deviate from the norm. Of course, those who are oppressed or restrained face it with tension