Anti-Leukemic Effects of Typhonium Flagelliforme on Human Lymphoblastoid Cells (CEMss) and Murine Leukemic (WEHI-3) Model

To date, there has been no literature reported on the mechanism of Typhonium flagelliforme and its effects on leukemia. Hence, the anti-leukemia effect of Typhonium flagelliforme was investigated in vitro and in vivo leukemic model. Extraction and fractionation using organic solvents were applied to obtain fractions from T. flagelliforme and subsequently, chemical analysis was done using GC-MS. In vitro cytotoxic effects of extracts and fractions were tested in several human cancer cell lines including leukemia (CEMss cells) using MTT assay. Various microscopy techniques were used to study morphological changes occurring during treatment. The Annexin V assay, TUNEL assay, cell cycle analysis and DNA laddering were employed to detect apoptosis. Colourimetric assays for caspase-3 and 9, immunoblot analysis for cytochrome c, BcL-2, PARP, FasL and β-actin were analysed. The in vivo model of leukemia was induced in male BALB/c mice using WEHI-3 cells. The DCM extract of the plant tuber was used for treatment at various doses. Amongst 8 plant extracts investigated, the dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of T. flagelliforme tuber demonstrated low and significant anti proliferative effect against both CEMss (6.5±0.4 μg/ml) and WEHI-3 cells (24.0±5.2 μg/ml) (p<0.05). Further fractionation of the DCM tuber extract resulted into 12 fractions. Seven of these 12 fractions showed significant cytotoxicity against CEMss, in which the DCM/F7, DCM/F11 and DCM/F12 fractions showed highest anti-cancer activities of 3.0, 5.0 and 6.2 μg/ml respectively. Further studies of these fractions towards non cancerous Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBL) exhibited significant selectivity of DCM/F7 compared to other fractions. Phytochemical analysis using GC-MS revealed that the DCM/F7 fraction contains linoleic acid (51.20%), n-hexadecanoic acid (17.89%), 9-hexadecanoic acid (6.99%) and Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (6.06%). Cytological observations exhibited chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, abnormalities of cristae, membrane blebbing, cytoplasmic extrusions and formation of apoptotic bodies, further confirmed using AO/PI, SEM and TEM analysis. The Annexin V and TUNEL assay revealed apoptotic induction in CEMss cells exposed to the DCM/F7 in a time-dependent manner, whilst DNA fragmentation of CEMss cells were detected using 1.0% agarose gel electrophoresis. The DCM/F7 fraction significantly (p<0.05) stimulated both caspases 3 and 9 activities. The immunoblot results revealed that DCM/F7 caused the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and cleaved 116 kDa PARP into 85 kDa fragments. The Bcl-2 protein was found to decrease during treatment. Meanwhile, FasL did not exhibit up or down regulation on treatment. Cell cycle analysis revealed that there is significant (p<0.05) G1 phase arrest in a time-depended manner. The DCM extract of T. flagelliforme tuber in vivo markedly inhibited the proliferation of WEHI-3 in male BALB/c mice as evidenced by reduction in the percentage of immature monocytes as well as granulocytes, liver weight, spleen weight and histopathological profiles of H&E stained spleen tissue. The DCM tuber extract of T. flagelliforme significantly decreased the spleen tumor size, which had dose-dependent effects. Sections of spleen tissue of the BALB/c mice treated with the extract. Treatment at 800 mg/kg dose showed evidence of apoptosis in comparison to the control groups. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrate that T. flagelliforme, a local herbal medicinal plant in Malaysia inhibited the proliferation of leukemia in vitro selectively, leading to the programmed cell death, which was later confirmed to lead through mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, in vivo study on an orthotopic BALB/c mice model clearly shows that, T. flagelliforme tuber extract has inhibited the proliferation of leukemia via the induction of apoptosis

The Contemporary Affirmation of Taxonomy and Recent Literature on Workflow Scheduling and Management in Cloud Computing

The Cloud computing systemspreferred over the traditional forms of computing such as grid computing, utility computing, autonomic computing is attributed forits ease of access to computing, for its QoS preferences, SLA2019;s conformity, security and performance offered with minimal supervision. A cloud workflow schedule when designed efficiently achieves optimalre source sage, balance of workloads, deadline specific execution, cost control according to budget specifications, efficient consumption of energy etc. to meet the performance requirements of today2019; svast scientific and business requirements. The businesses requirements under recent technologies like pervasive computing are motivating the technology of cloud computing for further advancements. In this paper we discuss some of the important literature published on cloud workflow scheduling

Design of fuzzy logic based adaptive traffic signal controller

Traffic control of street intersections is one of the most critical elements in providing an efficient flow of traffic in urban networks. Conventionally, pretimed controllers are used, but they cannot respond to real time fluctuations in traffic demand. Traffic actuated signals provide an improvement over pretimed controllers, but their performance deteriorates under heavy traffic conditions. These conditions necessitate the development of a controller that responds to actual traffic demand in real time, with the objective of minimizing vehicle delays, number of stops, etc. Fuzzy logic provides the potential for development of a system that would address these needs; The objective of this research is to design and evaluate a fuzzy logic based controller for traffic intersections that is adaptive to traffic demand. The design uses the standard input traffic flow parameters generated by existing loop detectors. The outcome of this research is a traffic controller that is very responsive to real-time traffic flow for various traffic simulations, including both recurring and non-recurring conditions. Evaluation of the performance of the system is based on minimization of delay and the number of stops. The performance of the fuzzy controller is compared to that of a pretimed controller with the help of traffic packages NETSIM & SOAP-84

Effect of in-situ stresses on the stability of coal mine development workings

Among the different types of ground control problems associated with underground coal mining, those related to in-situ stresses are the most common ones affecting the safety of a mining operation. As a result, this has been the focus of many ground control research works done in the recent years. More work has been done in this thesis to add additional information on the in-situ stress related ground control issues of the underground coal mine development workings.;Three-dimensional finite element modeling has been done to examine the Influence of the in-situ maximum horizontal stress angle on the stability of both the entry and the intersection. Distribution patterns of safety factors were used to explain the location of roof failure in the entry or the intersection. Also, the effect of in-situ stress ratios on the stability of development openings was studied. To make the work more general, both low and high in-situ stress fields have been considered.;In general, the modeling results indicated that the entries oriented in the direction of the in-situ maximum horizontal stress were in the best condition while those oriented at 90° were in the worst condition. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Effects of the Build Orientation and Support Patterns on the Geometric Accuracy in Printing Parts With Overhang Structure: An Experimental Study

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular in industries such as manufacturing due to its ability to use raw materials more efficiently and require less machining than traditional methods(Calignano et al., 2017). However, constructing overhanging structures in additive manufacturing can be challenging, potentially affecting the overall geometric quality of the printed components. The objective of this study was to identify the most effective printing orientation for overhanging designs in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using two different support structures. To achieve this, the researchers used a laser scanner to collect point cloud data and conducted a comparative study to determine the optimal orientation for the overhanging structures. The analysis revealed that the 45-degree overhang structure with grid support produced a good print result compared to other build orientations. Additionally, a comparison of FDM printed parts and L-PBF printed parts showed some similar noticeable defects

The Influence of Friction Time on the Joint Interface and Mechanical Properties in Dissimilar Friction Welds

The welding of dissimilar materials is one of the challenging issues in thefabrication industry to obtain required quality welds using fusion weldingmethods. However, some processes recently improved interface bondingwith low joint strength. Unfortunately, the major intermetallic compoundscould not alleviate from the joint interface. Alternatively, solid-statewelding methods revealed fewer intermetallics at the joint interface fordissimilar material welds. Among them, friction welding was chosen to joinincompatible materials with the necessary properties successfully. Frictiontime is a critical parameter for obtaining strong welds through frictionwelding, apart from friction pressure, forging pressure, forging time, androtational speed. Variability of friction time can change the strength offriction by changing mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Thischange of tensile strength is typically influenced by the intermixing region,dependent on friction time. In this experiment, carbon steel and stainlesssteel have been friction welded to test the impact of friction time on thejoint interface where the substrate’s faying surface meets. This interfaceconsists of the intermixing region of the two materials on which the frictionwelding is performed. The results showed an interesting variation in tensilestrength, with varying friction time. The width of the intermixing zoneincreased gradually with friction time until and decreased with the furtherincreasing. The strength of the welds obtained was the highest of 730 MPaat a friction time of 4 s and fell as friction time’s increased value after 4 s

RARE SIDE EFFECT OF TOPIRAMATE - A CASE REPORT

Topiramate (sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide) is a broad spectrum newer anti-convulsant. It is also used in prophylaxis of migraine, cluster headache, bipolar affective disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, post herpetic neuralgia, relapse prevention in alcohol dependence syndrome, add on treatment for antipsychotic induced weight gain. Acute Myopia and angle closure glaucoma are some of the rare side effects of topiramate. This case highlights the development of myopia in a middle aged patient with alcohol dependence syndrome while he was on topiramate therapy. KEYWORDS:&nbsp;Topiramate; Alcohol dependence syndrome; Angle closure glaucoma; Myopia

RARE SIDE EFFECT OF TOPIRAMATE - A CASE REPORT

Topiramate (sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide) is a broad spectrum newer anti-convulsant. It is also used in prophylaxis of migraine, cluster headache, bipolar affective disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, post herpetic neuralgia, relapse prevention in alcohol dependence syndrome, add on treatment for antipsychotic induced weight gain. Acute Myopia and angle closure glaucoma are some of the rare side effects of topiramate. This case highlights the development of myopia in a middle aged patient with alcohol dependence syndrome while he was on topiramate therapy. KEYWORDS:&nbsp;Topiramate; Alcohol dependence syndrome; Angle closure glaucoma; Myopia