The effectiveness of the 4-stage approach compared to traditional clinical teaching among midwifery student's about delivery management skills

Background & Aim: Since, employing new training methods is necessary for enhancing medical students` skills so the aim of this study was to determination of the effectiveness of the 4-stage approach compared to traditional clinical teaching among midwifery student's about delivery management skills. Methods and Material: This was an experimental study, performed in 30 midwifery students (15 students in each group) in 2013-2014 in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. At first, their delivery management skills were evaluated with an standard checklist then the first group participated in(case) 4-stage approach and the second one participated in (control)traditional clinical teaching. Their delivery management skills were re-evaluated by standard checklist after the course. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS v14 and independent t-test and paired test. The significant level was considered less than 0.05 Results: The findings of independent t test did not show any significant difference between skills scores of two groups before intervention while a statistically significant difference was observed in after intervention between the scores of two groups (p=.001). Paired t test showed a statistically significant difference in skills score in two group after intervention Four-stage teaching technique and traditional group respectively (p=.013, p=.003). Also rate of skills increased in Four-stage teaching technique group and traditional group was 77% and 12% (p=.006). Conclusion: Four-stage teaching technique can be increased delivery management skills levels in midwifery students. So, the conduction of this educational model is recommended as an effective learning. In delivery management skills

Correlation of quality of sleep or quality of life and some of blood factors in hemodialysis patients

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: علی رغم پیشرفت‌های زیادی که در درمان بیماری نارسایی مزمن کلیه صورت گرفته کیفیت زندگی به عنوان یک مشکل بزرگ در این گروه از بیماران به مخاطره افتاده است. با توجه به شیوع بالای اختلال خواب و مشکلات وابسته به آن در بیماران دیالیزی، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین کیفیت خواب، کیفیت زندگی و بعضی فاکتورهای خونی در بیماران تحت درمان با همودیالیز نگهدارنده انجام شد. روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی است که در 85 بیمار تحت درمان با همودیالیز نگه دارنده در سال 84- 83 انجام گرفته است. نمونه ها از بخش های همودیالیز سه بیمارستان آموزشی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران و ایران و براساس نمونه گیری مبتنی بر هدف انتخاب شدند. کیفیت خواب با استفاده از پرسشنامه کیفیت خواب پیتس برگ (PSQI) و کیفیت زندگی با استفاده از پرسشنامه کوتاه 36 سوالی (SF36) اندازه‌گیری شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون های آماری t، من ویتنی، کای دو، تست دقیق فیشر و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن استفاده شد. یافته ها: 63 بیمار (71) کم می خوابیدند (نمره کل کیفیت خواب بیشتر از 5 بود). ابعاد روانی (MCS) و ابعاد فیزیکی (PCS)، ‌ارتباط معکوسی با نمره کل کیفیت خواب داشت (01/0

The effect of dietary regimen education on the laboratory variables and interdialytic weight gain in hemodialytic patients

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: تغذیه یک فاکتور مهم در درمان بیماران مبتلا به بیماری مزمن کلیوی می باشد، به طوری که رژیم غذایی نامناسب باعث کاهش کیفیت زندگی و افزایش مشکلات و ناخوشی و مرگ و میر در این بیماران می شود. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش رژیم غذایی بر شاخص های آزمایشگاهی و اضافه وزن بین دو جلسه دیالیز در بیماران تحت درمان با همودیالیز نگه دارنده انجام شد. روش بررسی: یک مطالعه قبل و بعد که در یک گروه به صورت پیش آزمون - پس آزمون در بیمارستان های آموزشی منتخب دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی تهران و ایران انجام گرفت. 32 بیمار تحت درمان با همودیالیز نگه دارنده بصورت غیر تصادفی و مبتنی بر هدف انتخاب گردیدند و با استفاده از پرسشنامه تعیین نیازهای آموزشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. شاخص های آزمایشگاهی به صورت میانگین دو ماهه قبل از آموزش و اضافه وزن بین دو جلسه دیالیز در 4 نوبت در طی دو هفته قبل از آموزش اندازه گیری شد. سپس یک برنامه آموزشی بر اساس مشکلات تعیین شده و الگوی خود مراقبتی اورم تدوین و در طی چهار جلسه 20 دقیقه ای در روزهایی که بیماران دیالیز نمی شدند، به صورت پرسش و پاسخ بین بیماران و آموزش دهنده با کمک وسایل کمک آموزشی (اورهد و پاورپوینت) ارائه گردید. بعد از پایان آموزش، شاخص های آزمایشگاهی به صورت میانگین دو ماهه بعد از آموزش و اضافه وزن بیماران در 4 نوبت به فاصله دو هفته بعد از آموزش (هفته های سوم و پنجم) اندازه گیری و با استفاده از آزمون t زوجی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان دهنده کاهش قابل توجهی در میزان اوره (001/0

Comparison of the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in HIV-Positive and AIDS Patients in Khorramabad City in 2006-2007

Abstract: Background & Aims: Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in human. Parasites are one of the most important causes of infectious diseases in patients with AIDS. The prevalence of these parasites varies based on the condition of host’s immune system and the stage of disease (HIV/AIDS). To compare the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites a cross-sectional study was carried out on 306 HIV positive and AIDS patients in Khorramabad city. Methods: After selecting the samples by census and availability sampling methods, planned questionnaires were completed and three stool samples were collected from patients. Then direct smear, formalin-ether concentration techniques and modified acid fast (Kinione) and modified trichorome staining methods were carried out on all samples during 2006-2007. Moreover the relationship between different variables and infection by intestinal parasites were examined. For description and statistical analysis t-test and Chi-square test were used. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV-positive and AIDS patients was 19.6% and 50% respectively. There was a significant relationship between HIV /AIDS and species of intestinal parasites (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Higher prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients with AIDS compared to HIV-positive individuals indicates higher immune system deficiency and more susceptibility to intestinal parasitic infections (specially opportunistic parasites) and reflects the necessity of prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment programs for these patients. Keywords: Intestinal parasites, HIV, AIDS, Khorramaba

The effect of thyroxine on percentage of hatching (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

Studies showed that Thyroxine can play an important role on fish growth, osmoregulation system, and other physiological activities. Since the direct effect of thyroxine on growth and metamorphose of bony fish larvae has not been yet approved, therefore, present study were carried out in Shahid Ansary propagation and cultivation farm in order to find out the way of effect of this hormone on the survirval rate and early growth stage of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fertiled eggs that were bathed in thyroxin with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm (each one, replicates) for 6 hours. Then they were transfered into large incubators (zoog) with running water. After hatching all larvae were placed in mentioned thyroxin concentration bath for another 6 hours before being transfered into large incubators. Larvae stayed inzoogs until the yolk-sac was absorbed. Finally, live silver carp larvae were counted in separated plates. Results of present study indicated that the ra tio of hatched eggs in 0.5 ppm of thyroxin concentration was higher than other treatment

Relationship between type III secretion toxins, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance in clinical <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolates

Background and aim. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a notorious pathogen due to its multidrug resistance and life threatening infections. We investigated the relationship between type III secretion toxins, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance among clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods. A total of 70 genetically distinct clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion assay. Biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter plate method and presence of four exo genes (exoS, exoU, exoT and exoY) was investigated by PCR. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results. The most effective antibiotics were Meropenem and Piperacillin. Multidrug resistance was more prevalent in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates than in the susceptible isolates. The most frequently identified exo was exoS (37.1%). Genotype exoS/exoT was found in 4 isolates, while genotype exoU/exoT was not found. Prevalence of exoS was generally higher in the susceptible isolates than in the resistant isolates. A significant association was found between the formation of strong biofilm and resistance to antibiotics (p &lt; 0.05). Prevalence of exoY and exoU was higher in the non-strong biofilm producers compared to the strong biofilm producers. Conclusion. Our study revealed formation of strong biofilm along with antibiotic resistance and the presence of exo genes in P. aeruginosa isolates. Knowledge of virulence gene profiles and biofilm formation may be useful in deciding appropriate treatment

Report of two chalcid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) from fig soft scale in Iran

In this study, two reared chalcid wasps are newly recorded from Fars province, Iran, as the natural enemies of fig soft scale, Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae): (1) Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) (Pteromalidae: Eunotinae) and (2) Blastothrix hungarica Erdös (Encyrtidae: Encyrtinae). Both species were collected from Estahaban (May 2005) and Darab (September 2005; June 2006)

First report of Gelis declivis (Hym.: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) from different regions of Iran

Gelis declivis (Hym.: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) is newly reported from three provinces of Iran (Guilan, Alborz and Fars). Diagnostic morphological characters and information of the known distribution of G. declivis are provided

Effect of Different Doses of Curcumin on Sperm Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Testis of D-Galactose Induced Aging Mice Model

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Aging is accompanied with low concentration of testosterone hormone and apoptosis induction in the testis. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different doses of curcumin as the active ingredient of Curcuma Longa Turmeric, on sperm quality and oxidative stress in mice D-galactose-induced aging model. METHODS: 48 Balb/c mice (n=8) were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control, Sham, D-galactose and Curcumin 1 to 3 groups. 300 mg/kg of D-galactose was injected to D-galactose group. Curcumin 1 to 3 were injected D-galactose + 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg curcumin intraperitoneally. Then, the oxidative stress based on biochemical parameters and sperm analysis according to WHO guideline were evaluated on day 42 of the experiment. FINDINGS: Mean sperm count in control group was (4.17±0.84) while it reduced after reception of 300 mg/kg D-galactose (3.06±0.86). There was a significant increase in the sperm parameters in Curcumin group compared to the D-galactose group (p<0.05). A significant increase was observed in the level of thiol and superoxide dismutase enzyme in curcumin group 3, compared to the D-galactose group (p≤0.001). Significant decreases in catalase and malondialdehyde enzymes were observed in the D-galactose group, compared to the curcumin 1, curcumin 2 and curcumin 3 groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Administration of curcumin for 2 weeks improved sperm parameters and decreased oxidative stress in testis of mice D-galactose-induced aging model