The impact of an early intervention program based on distance training of mothers in improving the social and language skills of children with intellectual disability in Jordan

This study aimed at identifying the impact of an early intervention program based on distance training of mothers in improving the social and language skills of children with intellectual disability. To achieve the study aims, a sample of 30 children aged between 4-6 years was selected and distributed into two groups: experimental group (15) and control group (15). The Social Skills Scale and the Language Skills Scale which were prepared with their psychometric characteristics being validated was used, in addition to the training program. The study results indicated significant differences between the means of both the experimental and the control groups of social skills and language skills after implementing the distance training program in favor of the experimental group. There were no significant differences between the means of the experimental group grade ranks on the Social Skills Scale and the Language Skills Scale after implementing the program and the traceability scale. The study results showed the efficacy of the early intervention program based on distance training of mothers in improving social and language skills. The researchers recommend adopting the early intervention program for distance training of mothers to improve the social and language skills of children with intellectual disability, as well as activating the role of families in training and education

英文読解支援へのキットビルド概念マップの活用とその認知プロセスの分析

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Doctor of Engineeringdoctora

THE EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS OF TALENTED AND CREATIVE STUDENT POSSES KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACCORDING TO CEC-NAGC CRITERIA IN JORDAN

The aim of this study is to identify the extent to which teachers of talented and creative students possess knowledge and skills according to CEC- NAGC criteria in Jordan. The study was carried out on a sample of (36) teachers at king Abdullah II challenging school at Irbid and Mafraq governorates during the 2014/2015 school year in Jordan. Means, standard deviation, and MANOVA were employed in answering the research questions. Results showed that the extent to which teachers of gifted and creative students possess knowledge and skills of Foundations, Development and Characteristics of Learners, Individual Learning Differences, Instructional Strategies, learning environment and social interactions, assessment, Professional and Ethical Practice, and Collaboration was moderate. On the other hand, the extent to which these teachers possess knowledge, skills of language, communication skills, and Instructional planning was high. Results also showed no statistically significant differences in the degree to which these teachers possess knowledge and skills according to CEC- NAGC criteria. Thus, this is due to the subjects of educational qualification, teaching experience, and specialization from the educational supervisor’s point of view. These differences were found in the degree to which respondents possess these knowledge and skills according to CEC- NAGC criteria due to their sex. Thus, this criteria was found from an educational supervisor's point of view. Results also showed the need for finding programs that are prepared and specialized in preparing teachers of talented and creative students. It provides them with a pre service according to CEC- NAGC criteria. In addition, it shows the need to force talented student’s teachers to obtain the certificate for teaching talented students according to these criteria

The Effect of using Learning Strategy Mastery in the Collection of the Ninth-Grade Students in the Study of Islamic Education in Ma'an.

The educational curriculum considered as one of The main  Education Tools  in achieving its objectives, it’s a tool for interaction between the teacher and the learner; therefore  the civilized nations takes   great importance to the design  process on a sound basis, and to oversee their implementation in adequacy and effectiveness, and  evaluation and development processes in scientific methodology, it is considered a matter of national priorities that acquires the most of their attention (the hill et al., 1993). And the success of the process of implementing the curriculum and learning processes, education, depends largely on the presence of qualified teachers that they able to accommodate the educational philosophy of the educational system and the goals of the community, and the processes of development and modernization of the curriculum; to keep pace with developments and global changes in various fields; and the  curriculum needs of strategies for teaching and evaluation; to contribute in the Giving learners' knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to live in the developed and variable world, and away from the traditional methods of teaching and evaluation. It is no longer the role of the teacher in this era to indoctrination information, and facts, but its role  became  prepared for the learning and educational environment , is where the acquisition of knowledge, skills,, values and attitudes being  and  the educated started to have different thinking skills and the  objective educational of Mastery  that the modern education seeks to achieve; which required from teachers to realize it; and therefore the development of tactics, and methods of teaching; to keep pace with those objective and variables alrhmh (1987). Shows Sparks (Sparks, 2000) that the teacher should be able to diagnose students' needs, and understands how to learn every student, and that he should be familiar with the subject under consideration by, and roads that must be used to teach students, and owns stock a wide range of teaching strategies; that can choose what suits them learning educational situation. And the educationalists indicate to the close relationship between the teacher and teaching effectiveness, and that teaching provides a platform rich with opportunities, which provides the challenge for each student; to discover and invent applications of knowledge; to be used in solving problems, revealing the relationship between generalizations and concepts of realism and uses it, and the effectiveness of teaching keep teacher familiar strengths and weaknesses of the students, and make it able to adjust its strategies in education to suit requested (Selden, 1999). Sawa See (Sawa1995)that the teacher and teaching should be evaluate based on the appropriateness of the teachers strategies  and their impact on learning, and the ability to make optimum use of  teaching strategies, and building  meaningful class events  to teache students'

SentiALG: Automated Corpus Annotation for Algerian Sentiment Analysis

Data annotation is an important but time-consuming and costly procedure. To sort a text into two classes, the very first thing we need is a good annotation guideline, establishing what is required to qualify for each class. In the literature, the difficulties associated with an appropriate data annotation has been underestimated. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automatically construct an annotated sentiment corpus for Algerian dialect (a Maghrebi Arabic dialect). The construction of this corpus is based on an Algerian sentiment lexicon that is also constructed automatically. The presented work deals with the two widely used scripts on Arabic social media: Arabic and Arabizi. The proposed approach automatically constructs a sentiment corpus containing 8000 messages (where 4000 are dedicated to Arabic and 4000 to Arabizi). The achieved F1-score is up to 72% and 78% for an Arabic and Arabizi test sets, respectively. Ongoing work is aimed at integrating transliteration process for Arabizi messages to further improve the obtained results.Comment: To appear in the 9th International Conference on Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems (BICS 2018

Chemical composition and antinociceptive effects of essential oil from aerial parts of Gundelia tournefortii L Asteraceae (Compositae) in rats

Purpose: To investigate the antinociceptive effect of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Gundelia. tournefortii (EOGT) in various experimental modelsMethods: The essential oil from the aerial parts of Gundelia tournefortii was extracted using steam distillation method median lethal dose (LD50) of EOGT was evaluated using the method of Lorke. Antinociceptive effect of EOGT in rats was carried out using chemical (formalin and acetic acid) and thermal (hot-plate) nociceptive tests at doses of 10, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 mg/kg. The possible mechanism of action of EOGT was also examined.Results: In acute toxicity test, LD50 for EOGT was 2500 mg/kg. EOGT at test doses (10, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced pain response in all tests in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Glibenclamide (potassium channel sensitive to ATP antagonist) and yoimbina (α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist), partially antagonized the antinociceptive activity induced by EOGT. However, naloxone (opioid antagonist) and L-NAME (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) did not reverse the antinociception produced by EOGT.Conclusion: Essential oil from the aerial parts of G. tournefortii shows significant antinociceptive activity, which appeared to involve the participation of K+ channels sensitive to ATP and adrenergic receptors. These findings justify in part the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of various painful conditions.Keywords: Antinociceptive, Opioid receptors, Adrenergic receptor, Essential oil, Gundelia tournefortii, Formalin tes

Exhaustive exercise and vitamins C and E modulate thyroid hormone levels at low and high altitudes

Thyroid hormones play an important role in cell growth and differentiation and regulation of oxygen consumption and thermogenesis. The effect of altitude and vitamin supplementation on thyroid hormone levels in animals or humans performing acute exhaustive exercise have not been investigated before. Therefore, we thought to test whether exhaustive exerciseinduced stress with antioxidant supplementation was capable of modulating the level of thyroid hormones at different altitudes. Serum levels of T4 (Thyroxin), T3 (Triiodothyronine), and TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) were measured in rats (N=36) born and bred in low altitude (600 m above sea level) and high altitude (2200 m above sea level) following forced swimming with or without vitamins C and E (25 mg/kg) pre-treatments. Thyroid levels were significantly decreased in resting rats at high altitude compared to low altitude, and swimming exercise moderately increased T3 and TSH at both high and low altitudes, whereas T4 was markedly increased (62 %) at low altitude compared to a moderate high altitude increase (28 %). Co-administration of vitamins C and E augmented the observed forced swimminginduced thyroid release. However, the conversion of T4 to T3 was reduced in both altitude areas following swimming exercise and vitamin pre-treatment had no effect. We conclude that acute stress induced thyroidal hormones in rats, which was augmented by antioxidant drugs in both high and low altitude areas. These findings may play an important role in the human pathophysiology of thyroid gland at different altitudes

Exercise protects against obesity induced semen abnormalities via downregulating stem cell factor, upregulating Ghrelin and normalizing oxidative stress

Increased oxidative stress and hormonal imbalance have been hypothesized to underlie infertility in obese animals. However, recent evidence suggests that Ghrelin and Stem Cell Factor (SCF) play an important role in fertility, in lean individuals. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating whether changes in the levels of Ghrelin and SCF in rat testes underlie semen abnormal parameters observed in obese rats, and secondly, whether endurance exercise or Orlistat can protect against changes in Ghrelin, SCF, and/or semen parameters in diet induced obese rats. Obesity was modelled in male Wistar rats using High Fat Diet (HFD) 12-week protocol. Eight week-old rats (n=40) were divided into four groups, namely, Group I: fed with a standard diet (12 % of calories as fat); Group II: fed HFD (40 % of calories as fat); Group III: fed the HFD with a concomitant dose of Orlistat (200 mg/kg); and Group IV: fed the HFD and underwent 30 min daily swimming exercise. The model was validated by measuring the levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, estradiol, leptin, triglycerides, total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, and final change in body weight. Levels were consistent with published obesity models (see Results). As predicted, the HFD group had a 76.8 % decrease in sperm count, 44.72 % decrease in sperm motility, as well as 47.09 % increase in abnormal sperm morphology. Unlike the control group, in the HFD group (i.e. obese rats) Ghrelin mRNA and protein were elevated, while SCF mRNA and protein were diminished in the testes. Furthermore, in the HFD group, SOD and GPx activities were significantly reduced, 48.5±5.8 % (P=0.0012) and 45.6±4.6 % (P=0.0019), respectively, while TBARS levels were significantly increased (112.7±8.9 %, P≤0.0001). Finally, endurance exercise training and Orlistat administration individually and differentially protected semen parameters in obese rats. The mechanism includes, but is not limited to, normalizing the levels of Ghrelin, SCF, SOD, GPx and TBARS. In rat testes, diet induced obesity down regulates SCF expression, upregulates Ghrelin expression, and deteriorate oxidative stress levels, which are collectively detrimental to semen parameters. Exercise, and to a lesse r extent Orlistat administration, protected effectively against this detrimental effect

Co-administration of Vitamins E and C protects against stress-induced hepatorenal oxidative damage and effectively improves lipid profile at both low and high altitude

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co- administration of vitamins E and C on exhaustive exercise induced-stress in regards to hepatorenal function in rats native to low altitude (LA) and high altitude (HA). In both LA and HA areas, native wistar rats of each area were divided into three groups of 6 rats each, which include stress-free control, forced swimming-induced experimental stress and experimental stress plus vitamins E and C treatment. Lipid profile and Liver and kidney functions were assessed in both groups. HA and LA rats exhibit similar baseline levels of liver and kidney function as well as lipid metabolism profiles. However, HA rats showed decreased levels of antioxidant markers with an increased level of lipid peroxidation. Exhaustive swimming exercise induced a significant increase in the liver and kidney function of rats at both altitudes accompanied with a decrease in antioxidants levels. However, the magnitude of change observed in HA rats was more profound. Also at LA, forced swimming exercise resulted in a significant increase in serum total cholesterol (TChol), triacylglycerides (TAG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). However, in HA rats, forced swimming exercise caused a significant decrease in serum TChol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), except for HDL levels which were significantly elevated. Pre- and co-administration of vitamins E and C counteracted the induction of liver and/or kidney function by exhaustive exercise, and lowered TChol and LDL levels in rats at either altitude. In conclusion, at native high altitude: kidney and liver function essentially remained stable; response to stress included more profound oxidative damage to liver and kidney tissues as well as augmented deterioration in lipid metabolism compared to low altitude; and combined administration of vitamins E and C protected against observed oxidative stress damage to liver and kidney tissues and preserved lipid metabolism. At low altitude, combined administration of vitamin E and C protected against stress-induced oxidative damage to the liver and kidney and did preserve normal lipid metabolism, except for HDL. These novel findings reveal the pathophysiological changes in the liver function, kidney function and lipid metabolism occurring at high altitude specifically under stress, and demonstrate the efficacy of combined supplementation of vitamins E and C to normalize these changes.Key words: Exercise, oxidative stress, vitamin E, vitamin C, altitude, rats

Safety and Immunogenicity of Covid-19 Vaccines in Patients with Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of 11357 Patients

Background:  The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact worldwide, especially among patients with cancer as they are more likely to experience severe infection and worse outcomes than the general population. Cancer patients have been excluded from the confirmatory clinical trials which create a gap in the clinical data addressing the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines in this group of immunocompromised patients. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the findings of all relevant individual studies about the serological response to COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients compared with healthy participants. Method: We searched for published relevant studies in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until 1st August 2022. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as a risk ratio or mean difference (MD) in the network meta-analysis model with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. We used the random effect model in case of significant heterogeneity, otherwise, a fixed-effect model was used. We analyzed the data using R version 4 for windows. Results: We included 42 studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 39 observational) with a total of 11357 patients in this network meta-analysis. The pooled effect estimates showed that healthy participants were better than cancer patients with solid and hematological tumors in seroconversion [(RR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.87; P < 0.00001)), (RR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.54, 0.69; P < 0.00001); respectively]. However, the pooled effect estimates showed that there was no difference between healthy participants and Cancer patients with solid tumors in terms of Covid-19 antibody titer, T-cell response, and adverse events (MD = -160.82; 95% CI -3089.28, 2768.18; P = 0.91), (RR = 1.10; 95% CI 0.69,1.75; P = 0.69), (RR = 1.06; 95% CI 0.88,1.27; P= 0.54), respectively. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the different types of vaccines in terms of COVID-19 antibody titer. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current evidence demonstrated that the seroconversion rate in healthy participants was higher than in patients with solid and hematological cancers. Nevertheless, our network meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Covid-19 antibody titer, T-cell response, and adverse events. Accordingly, the present evidence is not sufficient to confirm the safety and efficacy of covid-19 vaccine among cancer patients. Therefore, further studies are recommended