14 research outputs found
Choice-Disability and HIV Infection: A Cross Sectional Study of HIV Status in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland
Interpersonal power gradients may prevent people implementing HIV prevention decisions. Among 7,464 youth aged 15â29Â years in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland we documented indicators of choice-disability (low education, educational disparity with partner, experience of sexual violence, experience of intimate partner violence (IPV), poverty, partner income disparity, willingness to have sex without a condom despite believing partner at risk of HIV), and risk behaviours like inconsistent use of condoms and multiple partners. In Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland, 22.9, 9.1, and 26.1% women, and 8.3, 2.8, and 9.3% men, were HIV positive. Among both women and men, experience of IPV, IPV interacted with age, and partner income disparity interacted with age were associated with HIV positivity in multivariate analysis. Additional factors were low education (for women) and poverty (for men). Choice disability may be an important driver of the AIDS epidemic. New strategies are needed that favour the choice-disabled
Psychology and poverty reduction: a global special Issue
A âglobal special issueâ on poverty brought together 9 international psychology journals during 2010 through 2013. The purpose was to highlight psychologyâs contribution toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These goals are rooted in the âcapabilities approachâ and highlight the importance of fostering environments that support 3 core domains: health, basic education, and income. Here, we analyze what the global special issue contributed. As a whole the global special issue provided an account of âhowâ psychology engages with poverty and poverty reduction. First, the global special issue, more than other research on poverty, was focused on lower- and middle-income settings. Second, while the content of the articles could be coded into 3 specific domains (health/well-being, education/development, and society/work), the vast majority of the articles straddled more than 1 category. Third, the contents of the global special issue could be organized in terms of the type of contribution: that is, practicality, theory, description, and advocacy. We highlight the importance of addressing wider situational and sociopolitical structures that constrain capability and potential, without losing sight of the person. Psychology might (a) concentrate resources on finding out what actually works to enable poverty reduction; and (b) apply what we know to ensure that research on poverty reduction is more informative and compelling to community stakeholders, organizations, and policymakers. Such an âimplementation scienceâ could advance poverty reduction and human development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved
Geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Mesoproterozoic Kgwebe metavolcanic rocks in northwest Botswana: implications for the evolution of the Kibaran Namaqua-Natal Belt
Depositional style changes during the PermoâCarboniferousâEarly Jurassic evolution of the Central Kalahari Karoo Subâbasin, Botswana
First Journey by a Descriptive Review of Empirical Research on African Marital RelationshipsâScientific Dissemination, Thematic Focus, and Methodology
Claiming and adjudicating on Kilimanjaro's shrinking glaciers: Guy Callendar, Al Gore and extended peer communities
Climate change has mutated from being a physical phenomenon to be studied to an idea to be contested. The sites of adjudication between competing truth claims have therefore moved from the secluded academy and scientific peer review to the vociferous agora and the extended peer community. This move is illustrated here using the case of the shrinking glaciers of Mt Kilimanjaro. Both the British engineer Guy Callendar, in 1944, and the American campaigner Al Gore, in 2006, claimed that the primary cause of this glacial recession was rising world temperature. Both were passionate believers in the reality of human-induced global warming, but they had very different resources at their disposal to advance these beliefs. While Callendarâs claim was revealed only to the editor of the science journal Nature, Goreâs claims were visible to millions through his film An Inconvenient Truth. While the force of Callendarâs claim was weighed and adjudicated by one peer reviewer, the validity of Goreâs claim was tested very publicly in the British courts. Both claims about the cause of Kilimanjaroâs retreating glaciers were found wanting. The paper argues that this simple, but powerful, comparison between identical claims-making drawn from two different eras of science, yet with contrasting processes of truth-adjudication, illuminates the different âpost-normalâ world of science climate change now inhabits. The case study is used to reflect on the role of the extended peer community in establishing and validating scientific knowledge about climate change: who participates, how trust is stabilised and whether science is thereby democratised