Beyond the androgen receptor II: New approaches to understanding and treating metastatic prostate cancer; Report from the 2017 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138883/1/pros23424.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138883/2/pros23424_am.pd

Tumor cell heterogeneity and resistance; report from the 2018 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147081/1/pros23729.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147081/2/pros23729_am.pd

Dendritic Cells and Hepatocytes Use Distinct Pathways to Process Protective Antigen from Plasmodium in vivo

Malaria-protective CD8+ T cells specific for the circumsporozoite (CS) protein are primed by dendritic cells (DCs) after sporozoite injection by infected mosquitoes. The primed cells then eliminate parasite liver stages after recognizing the CS epitopes presented by hepatocytes. To define the in vivo processing of CS by DCs and hepatocytes, we generated parasites carrying a mutant CS protein containing the H-2Kb epitope SIINFEKL, and evaluated the T cell response using transgenic and mutant mice. We determined that in both DCs and hepatocytes CS epitopes must reach the cytosol and use the TAP transporters to access the ER. Furthermore, we used endosomal mutant (3d) and cytochrome c treated mice to address the role of cross-presentation in the priming and effector phases of the T cell response. We determined that in DCs, CS is cross-presented via endosomes while, conversely, in hepatocytes protein must be secreted directly into the cytosol. This suggests that the main targets of protective CD8+ T cells are parasite proteins exported to the hepatocyte cytosol. Surprisingly, however, secretion of the CS protein into hepatocytes was not dependent upon parasite-export (Pexel/VTS) motifs in this protein. Together, these results indicate that the presentation of epitopes to CD8+ T cells follows distinct pathways in DCs when the immune response is induced and in hepatocytes during the effector phase

Global developments in prostate cancer research and clinical practice

The prostate cancer foundation (PCF) is committed to the facilitation of global knowledge exchange as a mechanism for more rapidly discovering and developing new medicines and treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) patients worldwide. For the past 3 years, PCF has partnered with the Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium and Shanghai Changhai Hospital to host a conference in China that brings together basic, translational, and clinical researchers from China and abroad to form new partnerships and exchange findings, insights, perspectives, and ideas toward improving the treatment of PCa. The seventh forum of prostate disease held in Shanghai, China, on July 26–28, 2013, focused on current and emerging developments and approaches in PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and the discovery and targeting of disease mechanisms that drive metastasis and lethal subtypes of castrate-resistant PCa (CRPC). This special edition of the Asian Journal of Andrology highlights some of the most pressing topics that were presented and discussed at the forum