Blends of polyaniline and engineering plastics

In this work we describe a method for obtaining blends of polyaniline with poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Noryl(R) by mechanical mixing to prepare processable conducting materials for large-scale utilization. Polyaniline was synthesized in a pilot plant scale and doped with p-toluene-sulphonic acid. Mixing doped polyaniline with poly(ethylene terephthalate) induces hydrolysis of the ester bonds and produces a hard and brittle material with conductivity of 10(-5) S cm(-1). The preparation of the blends with Noryl(R) was optimized using two types of factorial designs. The results indicated satisfactory values of conductivity, in the range of 10(-7) S cm(-1) for blends containing only 5% of polyaniline (v/v). Materials with conductivity in this range are used for the production of plastic parts which are able to dissipate electrostatic electricity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.35101791179

Conductive Polymer Blends As Electrochromic Materials

Conductive polymer blends were prepared mixing conductive and insulating polymers and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were studied. Depending on the insulator matrix used, these properties are not changed. Blend containing polyacrylonitrile and poly(o-methoxyaniline) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid presents the same electrochemical and electrochromic behavior as the pure conducting polymer. Other blends studied were those obtained by combining poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) with poly(o-methoxyaniline) and poly(4,4′-dipentoxy-2,2′-bithiophene). An electrochromic device using these polymer blends and a liquid electrolyte was assembled and presented Δ%T620nm=56%. This contrast decreased after 300 double potential steps to 33%.441219651971Echte, A., (1993) Handbuch der Technischen Polymerchemie, p. 663. , VCH Verlag, WeinheimOsaka, T., Ogano, S., Naoi, K., (1989) J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, p. 306Noufi, R., Nozik, A.J., White, J., Warren, L.F., (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, p. 226Josowiaz, M., Janata, J., (1986) J. Anal. Chem., 58, p. 514Bull, R.A., Fan, F.R., Bard, A.J., (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, p. 687Heinze, J., (1991) Synth. Met., 41, p. 2085Laakso, J., Osterholm, J-E., Nyholm, P., Stubb, H., Punnka, E., (1990) Synth. Met., 37, p. 145Gonçalves, D., Waddon, A., Karasz, F.E., Akcerlud, L., (1995) Synth. Met., 74, p. 197Chen, Y., Qian, R., Li, G., Li, Y., (1991) Polym. Commun., 32, p. 189De Paoli, M.-A., Peres, R.C.D., Duek, E.A.R., Pandalai, S.G., (1994) Current Topics in Electrochemistry, 3, p. 409. , (Eds.), Council of Scientific Information, TrivandrumMastragostino, M., Scrosati, B., (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, p. 223. , (Eds.), Chapman & Hall, LondonScrosati, B., Scrosati, B., (1993) Applications of Electroactive Polymers, p. 299. , (Eds.), Chapman & Hall, LondonMastragostino, M., Marinangeli, A.M., Corradini, A., Giacobbe, C., (1989) Synth. Met., 28, p. 501Gustafson, J.C., Inganas, O., (1994) Synth. Met., 62, p. 17Roncali, J., Garnier, F., (1988) J. Phys. Chem., 92, p. 833Gazotti Jr, W.A., De Paoli, M-A., (1996) Synth. Met., 80, p. 263De Paoli, M-A., Waltman, R.J., Diaz, A.F., Bargon, J., (1984) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1015Mano, V., Felisberti, M.I., Matencio, T., De Paoli, M-A., (1996) Polymer, 37, p. 5165De Paoli, M-A., Maia, D.J., (1994) J. Mater. Chem., 4, p. 1799Malmonge, L.F., Mattoso, L.H.C., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 245Geniès, E.M., Boyle, A., Lapkowski, M., Tsintavis, C., (1990) Synth. Met., 36, p. 139Huang, W-S., Humphrey, B.D., MacDiarmid, A.G., (1986) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I, 82, p. 2385Watanabe, A., Mori, K., Mikuni, M., Nakamura, Y., Matsuda, M., (1989) Macromolecules, 22, p. 3323Gazotti W.A., Jr., Jannini, M.J.D.M., Córdoba De Torresi, S.I., De Paoli, M.-A., (1998) J. Electroanal. Chem., , in pressGazotti W.A., Jr., Faez, R., De Paoli, M.-A., (1996) J. Electroanal. Chem., 415, p. 107Zotti, G., Gallazzi, M.C., Zerbi, G., Meille, S.V., (1995) Synth. Met., 73, p. 217Arbizzani, C., Mastragostino, M., Meneghello, L., Morselli, M., Zanelli, A., (1996) J. Appl. Electrochem., 26, p. 121Silva, G.G., Lemes, N.H., Polo Da Fonseca, C.M.N., De Paoli, M-A., (1996) Solid State Ionics, 93, p. 105Duek, E.A.R., De Paoli, M-A., Mastragostino, M., (1993) Adv. Mater., 5, p. 650De Paoli, M-A., Zanelli, A., Mastragostino, M., Rocco, A.M., (1997) J. Electroanal. Chem., 435, p. 21

Polyaniline synthesized with functionalized sulfonic acids for blends manufacture

Polyaniline (PAni), an electronic conductive polymer, has poor mechanical properties, such as low tensile, compressive and flexural strength that render PAni a non-ideal material to be processed for practical applications. Desired properties of polyaniline can be enhanced by mixing it with a polymer that has good mechanical properties. In this work, PAni was synthesised using functionalized sulfonic acids like camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) and dodecilbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) in order to promote PAni doping and improve its solubility, making possible conductive blends manufacture. The different forms of PAni were characterized by infra-red spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and conductivity measurements. A conductive blend composed of PAni/DBSA and lower density polyethylene (LDPE) was obtained via solubilization method and its thermal, morphological and electrical properties were investigated. Concentrations as low as 5 wt. (%) of PAni was able to lead to electrical conductivities of PAni/LDPE blends in the range of 10-3 S.cm-1, showing great potential to be used in antistatic packing, electromagnetic shielding, anti-corrosion shielding or as a semiconductor