Some contexts for William Wordsworth's 'Recluse, 1770-1798' : education, politics and literature

The principal aim of this thesis is to illuminate some prefigurations of The Recluse from January 1793 (the publication of An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches) to early March 1798 (the first announcement of The Recluse in his letters). Three chapters and an appendix assert the importance of this period for Wordsworth's ideas of Nature, Man, and Society in referring to the social, political, and literary background 1770 -1798, and in particular to the influence of less well-known figures - John Langhorne, John Thelwall, and James Losh. Chapter One focuses on debate about the social utility of education in the explicitly radical milieux of the early 1790s, and suggests that educational interests provided Wordsworth, Thelwall, and Coleridge with a coherent frame into which the Recluse scheme would fit. Chapter Two explores similarities in Langhorne's, Thelwall's, and Wordsworth's ideas of Nature, Man, and Society, in particular in their treatment of the poor, and relates these contexts to The Recluse. Chapter Three and my Appendix suggest broad similarities between The Recluse and The Œconomist magazine, in which Wordsworth showed a keen interest in his letter to Losh of 11 March 1798. The thesis concludes by suggesting that the first announcement in early March 1798 of the 'utility' of The Recluse was retrospective - an expression of hopes, ideals, and more practical purposes that Wordsworth had perhaps already outgrown

Asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-diols by C(2)-symmetric chiral 4-pyrrolidinopyridines.

In this work we developed C(2)-symmetric chiral nucleophilic catalysts which possess a pyrrolidinopyridine framework as a catalytic site. Some of these organocatalysts effectively promoted asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-diols via enantioselective acylation

Removing epoxy underfill between neighbouring components using acid for component chip-off

International audienc

Cathepsins B and L in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of cathepsin B on the activation of pro-urokinase

To clarify the pathophysiological role of cathepsins in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether cathepsin B or cathepsin L was increased in synovial fluid (SF) of RA joints, and whether the cathepsin isolated from SF of RA patients activated pro-urokinase or not. Thus, we estimated the content of cathepsins in SF of RA patients by measuring their activities by fluorospectrometry, using Z-Phe-Arg-MCA as the substrate. Cathepsin activity was approxymately 4-fold higher in the SF of RA patients than in those of patients with osteoarthritis. Cathepsin B and cathepsin L were separated by cation-exchange column chromatography. As a result, a large peak corresponding to cathepsin B and a very small peak correponding to cathepsin L were detected. Biochemical sequential fractionation of the cathepsin purified from the SF showed that the large peak was mainly composed of cathepsin B. This purified enzyme induced conversion of pro-urokinase to urokinase, and the Km for pro-urokinase was approximately 8.27μM. These findings indicated that an imbalance between cathepsin B and its inhibitors occurred due to increased concentrations of active cathepsin B in RA articular lesions, and that cathepsin B might be related to the degradation of cartilage in RA by activating the fibrinolytic cascade

Assessment of maximal insertional torque of cervical and thoracic screws during posterior spinal surgery

Study Design : Multicenter intraoperative biomechanical analysis. Purpose : This study aimed to assess the maximal insertional torque (MIT) of lateral mass screw (LMS) and pedicle screw (PS) in the cervical or thoracic vertebrae during surgery. Methods : During posterior spinal fusion, cervical or thoracic multi-axial screws were placed at different cervical or thoracic levels and the MIT was recorded for each screw　revolution using an analogue torque wrench. Screw number was as follows : 11 PS at C7, 134 LMS (C3-6) (Magerl technique, 70 ; Roy-Camille technique, 64), and 33 PS in the thoracic region. Results : Average MIT　values (cNm) were as follows : for PS (diameter : 3.5 mm) at C7, 45.3±21.9 in men and 60.0±20.1 in women (p=0.28) ; for Magerl screws, 69.0±20.5 in men and 58.6±15.7 in women (p=0.13) ; and for Roy-Camille screws, 51.0±17.9 in men and 42.4±15.9 in women (p=0.52). The average MIT for Magerl screws was significantly higher than that for Roy-Camille screws in men and women (both p < 0.01). Conclusions : Intraoperative insertional torque could be a good indicator to evaluate the purchase and help guide decisions on screw type and insertion technique. Further postoperative assessments with sequential X-rays are needed to reveal the significance of MIT during posterior spinal fusion