Maternal Drinking During Pregnancy: Attention and Short-Term Memory in 14-Year-Old Offspring—A Longitudinal Prospective Study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66151/1/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00904.x.pd

Attention Performance in an Epidemiological Sample of Urban Children: The Role of Gender and Verbal Intelligence

We administered a comprehensive attentional battery to an epidemiologically defined sample of 435 first and second-grade children to assess the influence of gender and verbal intelligence on attention. The battery included three versions of the continuous performance test (CPT), two digit cancellation tasks, three subtests from the WISC-R, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The results indicated that both gender and intelligence had an impact on attentional performance. Girls performed better than boys; they made fewer errors on the CPT and obtained higher scores on the digit cancellation task and the Coding subtest of the WISC-R. Children with higher verbal intelligence also performed better on the attentional tests, but this advantage was not observed across measures or levels of performance. For example, children with limited verbal skills performed significantly worse than their peers only in measures with high processing demands(the degraded CPT and the distraction version of the digit cancellation task)

Emotional responses toward humans in monkeys with selective frontal lesions

Monkeys with lateral or orbital frontal lesions, operated controls with inferotemporal lesions and unoperated controls were tested for aggressive and aversive responses toward humans as judged by three observers. Contrary to expectations based upon previous findings, the frontal monkeys failed to show decreased avoidance of humans, and the orbital frontal monkeys showed increased avoidance compared with the other groups.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33202/1/0000590.pd