Strain range dependent cyclic hardening of 08Ch18N10T stainless steel-experiments and simulations

This paper describes and presents an experimental program of low-cycle fatigue tests of austenitic stainless steel 08Ch18N10T at room temperature. The low-cycle tests include uniaxial and torsional tests for various specimen geometries and for a vast range of strain amplitude. The experimental data was used to validate the proposed cyclic plasticity model for predicting the strain-range dependent behavior of austenitic steels. The proposed model uses a virtual back-stress variable corresponding to a cyclically stable material under strain control. This internal variable is defined by means of a memory surface introduced in the stress space. The linear isotropic hardening rule is also superposed. A modification is presented that enables the cyclic hardening response of 08Ch18N10T to be simulated correctly under torsional loading conditions. A comparison is made between the real experimental results and the numerical simulation results, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed cyclic plasticity model.Web of Science1224art. no. 424

Katolická církev a lidská práva

Miroslav Gál Katolická církev a lidská práva (Bakalářska práce) RESUMÉ Práca sa pokúša v stručnosti charakterizovať problematiku ľudských práv a slobôd v profánnom a cirkevnom svete. Vychádza z dvoch koncepcií, z ktorých sa rodili myšlienky ľudských práv a slobôd: teickej a antropocentrickej. Prvá vychádza zo židovsko-kresťanskej tradície a môžeme povedať, že je vo svojej podstate staršia. Antropocentrická, hoci má svoje korene už v antike, zažíva svoj najväčší rozvoj až v 18. storočí v spojitosti s vyhlásením nezávislosti USA a s francúzskou revolúciou. Až tieto dve historicky dôležité udalosti prispeli k rozvoju myšlienky ľudských práv a slobôd tak, ako ich poznáme dnes. V práci sú ľudské práva následne delené podľa niekoľkých hľadísk. Na základe toho považujeme niektoré práva za dôležitejšie ako iné. Sú teda na jednej strane práva, ktorých dodržiavanie a vymáhateľnosť je upravená medzinárodne-právnymi záväzkami, na druhej strane sú práva, ktoré sú "špecifické" pre tú ktorú kultúru, spoločenstvo či krajinu. Dôraz v práci je kladený jednak na historický vývoj vzťahu Katolíckej cirkvi k ľudským právam, ktorý vôbec nebol od počiatku z najvyšších cirkevných miest pozitívny a jednoznačný, jednak sú v práci spomínané niektoré problémy, ktoré vo vzťahu k ľudským právam a slobodám môžeme nájsť vo vnútri súčasnej...ENGLISH ANNOTATION The Roman Catholic Church and the Human Rights (Bachelor Theses) In this work questions about human rights and freedom are briefly discussed. Two conceptions of the nature of human rights and freedom are characterized. The first one and older one is based on Jewish Christian tradition of creation of mankind. The second one also called antropocentric has its root in Antic age but its development is closely connected with French revolution and independence of the USA. Historical and contemporary relations of Roman Catholic Church to the idea of human rights and freedom form a main part of this bachelor theses. The contrast between Charter of the Rights of Catholics in the Church and encroach on human rights in the Catholic Church is also discussed. Key words: Human Rights; Freedom; Roman Catholic Church; Antropocentric and Jewish Christian Tradition; Encroach on Human RightsKatedra teologické etiky a spirituální teologieDepartment of Theological Ethics and Theology of SpiritualityCatholic Theological FacultyKatolická teologická fakult

What to check at developed NPP from the point of view to manage severe accidents

Velká část nově budovaných nebo projektovaných JE ve světě chce využít, pro zvládání hypotetických těžkých havárií, koncepci zadržení roztavené aktivní zóny (tzv. coria) uvnitř tlakové nádoby reaktoru (TNR) odvodem tepla z vnějšího povrchu nádoby přes zaplavenou šachtu reaktoru (tzv. strategie IVMR-ERVC – In-Vessel Melt Retention by External Reactor Vessel Cooling). Tato strategie byla navržena již v 90. letech pro projekt JE AP-600 a byla doposud mimo jiné zpětně implementována na většině jaderných bloků s reaktory VVER-440 (prvním byla finská JE Loviisa). Pro reaktory vyšších výkonů (cca 3000 MWth) je nutné minimalizovat nepřesnosti a potvrdit nové poznatky o chování bazénu coria uvnitř TNR. V roce 2020 budou zahájeny dva významné projekty v rámci IAEA a OECD/NEA s cílem potvrdit realizovatelnost strategie IVMR-ERVC právě pro bloky vyšších výkonů. ÚJV se aktivně zúčastní obou projektů. Jsou shrnuty nejdůležitější poznatky a příspěvky ÚJV do obou projektů, a i zásadní podmínky pro úspěšné zvládnutí těžké havárie (TH) aplikací strategie IVMR-ERVC.Large number of recently developed NPP designs has implemented the In-Vessel Melt Retention (IVMR) strategy to manage hypothetical severe accidents. This strategy, more precisely denoted IVMR-ERVC (i.e. IVMR by External Reactor Vessel Cooling), is based on heat removal from the outer RPV surface into the coolant (water) in a flooded reactor cavity. The strategy was developed in the 90‘s for the AP-600 reactor design, and recently has been applied (in the frame of a “back-fitting” program) to most of the VVER-440 units worldwide (the first one being the Loviisa NPP in Finland). For units with higher thermal power outputs (around 3000 MWth) it is necessary to minimize uncertainties and to confirm the outcomes of recent studies related to corium (i.e. molten core) pool behavior inside the RPV. In the year of 2020 two important projects will start under the management of IAEA and OECD/NEA, having for target confirmation of the applicability of the IVMR-ERVC strategy to high-powered units. ÚJV will actively participate in both projects. In our presentation, crucial UJV’s knowledge and expertise are provided, summarizing necessary conditions needed to successfully mitigate severe accidents by application of the IVMR-ERVC strategy. The intended ÚJV contribution to both international projects is be tackled as well

Carbon family nanomaterials - new applications and technologies

DOI nefunkční (17.9.2020)Research on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) and their development is one of the major scientific disciplines of the last century. This is mainly because of their unique properties which can lead to improvements in industrial technology or new medical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their properties such as shape, size, chemical composition, density, toxicity, etc. This article focuses on the general characteristics of nanomaterials (NMs) and their behavior when entering the environment (water and soil). In addition, it presents individual members of the graphene family including porous ecological carbon (biochar). The article mainly deals with the new potential technologies of CBNMs considering their possible toxic and genotoxic effects. This review also highlights the latest developments in the application of self-propelled micromotors for green chemistry applications. Finally, it points to the potential biomedical applications of CBNMs.Web of Science131877

Distinctive behaviour of live biopsy-derived carcinoma cells unveiled using coherence-controlled holographic microscopy

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most aggressive tumours and is typically diagnosed too late. Late diagnosis requires an urgent decision on an effective therapy. An individualized test of chemosensitivity should quickly indicate the suitability of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. No ex vivo chemosensitivity assessment developed thus far has become a part of general clinical practice. Therefore, we attempted to explore the new technique of coherence-controlled holographic microscopy to investigate the motility and growth of live cells from a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma biopsy. We expected to reveal behavioural patterns characteristic for malignant cells that can be used to imrove future predictive evaluation of chemotherapy. We managed to cultivate primary SACR2 carcinoma cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma biopsy verified through histopathology. The cells grew as a cohesive sheet of suspected carcinoma origin, and western blots showed positivity for the tumour marker p63 confirming cancerous origin. Unlike the roundish colonies of the established FaDu carcinoma cell line, the SACR2 cells formed irregularly shaped colonies, eliciting the impression of the collective invasion of carcinoma cells. Time-lapse recordings of the cohesive sheet activity revealed the rapid migration and high plasticity of these epithelial-like cells. Individual cells frequently abandoned the swiftly migrating crowd by moving aside and crawling faster. The increasing mass of fast migrating epithelial-like cells before and after mitosis confirmed the continuation of the cell cycle. In immunofluorescence, analogously shaped cells expressed the p63 tumour marker, considered proof of their origin from a carcinoma. These behavioural traits indicate the feasible identification of carcinoma cells in culture according to the proposed concept of the carcinoma cell dynamic phenotype. If further developed, this approach could later serve in a new functional online analysis of reactions of carcinoma cells to therapy. Such efforts conform to current trends in precision medicine

System size and centrality dependence of the balance function in A + A collisions at sqrt s NN = 17.2 GeV

Electric charge correlations were studied for p+p, C+C, Si+Si and centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt s_NN = 17.2$ GeV with the NA49 large acceptance detector at the CERN-SPS. In particular, long range pseudo-rapidity correlations of oppositely charged particles were measured using the Balance Function method. The width of the Balance Function decreases with increasing system size and centrality of the reactions. This decrease could be related to an increasing delay of hadronization in central Pb+Pb collisions

The Roman Catholic Church and the Human Rights

ENGLISH ANNOTATION The Roman Catholic Church and the Human Rights (Bachelor Theses) In this work questions about human rights and freedom are briefly discussed. Two conceptions of the nature of human rights and freedom are characterized. The first one and older one is based on Jewish Christian tradition of creation of mankind. The second one also called antropocentric has its root in Antic age but its development is closely connected with French revolution and independence of the USA. Historical and contemporary relations of Roman Catholic Church to the idea of human rights and freedom form a main part of this bachelor theses. The contrast between Charter of the Rights of Catholics in the Church and encroach on human rights in the Catholic Church is also discussed. Key words: Human Rights; Freedom; Roman Catholic Church; Antropocentric and Jewish Christian Tradition; Encroach on Human Right

Electrochemistry of selected radiosenzitizer-etanidazole

The first electron transfer to radiosensitizer etanidazole (ETN) and ETN radical anion formation in buffered aqueous media was studied by means of voltammetric techniques and Electrochemical Impendance Spectroscopy (EIS). The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant for the first reduction of ETN (radical anion production) k0 for the redox couple and so called E1,7 potential were calculated. The obtained values of k0 and E1,7 potential indicate that ETN compared to some other possible chemical radiosensitizers requires lower energy to accept the first electron during metabolic pathway

Electrochemistry of Potential Eu MRI Complexes

Properties of the several potential contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Eu(III)/Eu(II) redox couple were investigated by means of the electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetry, phase sensitive AC voltammetry, and DC polarography were utilized to elucidate the mechanism of the reduction/oxidation of Eu ion in the presence of these compounds. Moreover, the stability constants of the Eu(II)-MRI agent complexes were also determined. Some suggestions on the chemical structure of the potential contrast agents for MRI are also made

Nevyhnutelnost křtu pro spásu ve světle dokumentu MTK

Na základě dokumentu MTK "Naděje na spásu pro děti, které umírají nepokřtěné" a na podkladě studia vybraných textů Písma, magisteriálních, teologických, liturgických pramenů byla v práci stručně řešena otázka nevyhnutelnosti křtu pro spásu dětí i dospělých. Křest představuje řádnou cestu spásy pro všechny lidi. V christocentricky vnímaných dějinách je každý člověk zaměřen na Krista a naopak, Kristus má nárok na každého jednotlivce. Proto je možné oprávněně předpokládat, že pro dospělého člověka, který nemůže vykonat explicitní rozhodnutí pro Krista, bude jeho implicitní rozhodnutí na základě tohoto Kristova nároku spásonosným, pokud tomuto nároku výslovně neodporuje. Za malé zemřelé děti, které explicitní ani implicitní rozhodnutí nemohli objektivně vykonat, se církev přimlouvá, aby se nik neztratil, protože existují dostatečné teologické důvody domnívat se, že i tyto děti budou spaseny, protože Kristův nárok se vztahuje rozhodně i na ně.In the Diploma thesis entitled "The Necessity of the Baptism for Salvation in the Light of the Document of ITC" in terms of the document of ITC "The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die without Being Baptized" and on the base of the selected parts of the Holy Scripture, magisterial, theological, liturgical texts questions about the necessity of the baptism for salvation of infants and adults are discussed. The baptism is the proper way for all people to be saved. The history of salvation is christocentric; everything is focused on Christ and, vice versa Christ turns to every man, accepts every man. Therefore, one can suppose that for every adult who cannot make an explicit decision for Christ, this Christ acceptation together with its implicit decision is enough for its salvation. On the other side, church prays for those infants who died without being baptized and who could not make neither explicit nor implicit decision for Christ. There are sufficient theological reasons to suppose that these infants will be saved because Christ has accepted also all these children.Department of Dogmatic and Fundamental TheologyKatedra fundamentální a dogmatické teologieCatholic Theological FacultyKatolická teologická fakult