Simulation of the spectral characteristics of the photosensitive elements based on the polycrystalline lead sulfide

The results are presented of the simulation of th

Autologous platelet-rich plasma application for the optimization of bone tissue reparative regeneration in osteopenia

Objective: analysis of scientific literature on the effectiveness of using Plateled-Rich Plasma to optimize the treatment of compression fractures of vertebral bodies of thoracic and lumbar localization against the background of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. All the methods of using Platelet-Rich Plasma, described in the literature, can be divided into several main groups. Platelet-Rich Plasma can be mixed with bone material; is applied to the lesion site before application of bone material; is applied over the bone material; used as a biological membrane. Platelet-Rich Plasma contain fibrillar and cellular components and is able to act as a carrier of cells which are important for the regeneration of soft and bony tissues. It can strengthen the attachment of human osteoblasts to membranes and, as a consequence, induce osteogenesis. Many authors are the supporters of the stimulating effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on reparative osteogenesis. After injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the case of complicated fracture the following was observed: odema in the damaged tissues is less pronounced, there are less signs of acute and chronic inflammation, the phase of alteration is changing more quickly by regenerative-reparative processes. The natural clot contains fibrin, fibronectin and vitronectin, they are also called adhesion molecules necessary for cell migration, osteoconduction, epithelialization and osseointegration. Biological properties of Platelet-Rich Plasma are due not only to the presence of growth factors (TGF-β and PDGF), but without them it immediately induces the formation of a fibrin clot, followed by stimulation of cell adhesion and collagen synthesis. Conclusion. Based on the published literature, a high potential of plasma therapy by Platelet-Rich Plasma for bone tissue regeneration is demonstrated. No adequate clinical studies on the effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma therapy that would meet all modern criteria have yet been conducted. Therapy of Platelet-Rich Plasma is a promising branch in medicine and deserves further research in terms of new effective and safe method of application in medical practice

Genesis of International Commercial Custom (Lex Mercatoria): the Role of Rôles d'Oléron

In this article, the authors made an attempt to appraise the role and significance of the Roules d’Oleron in the formation of lex mercatoria as a special legal phenomenon on a par with the conflict of law, as well as in the development of both the national law of European countries and the norms of international trade law. It was made in a historical retrospective as historically, lex mercatoria came into existence arbitrarily, but its efficiency, timeliness and flexibility guaranteed long lif

Elaboration of Screening Scales for Early Diagnosis of Developmental Delay in Four- to Five-Year-Old Children in Russia

Background. While various screening systems are used worldwide for early detection of developmental delay (DD), Russia still does not have such a screening system in place, even though a good prognosis for the cognitive development of a child with DD depend strongly on the time of the diagnosis. Objective. Te objective of this study was to create a system to rapidly monitor the mental development of four- to fve-year-old Russian children, a system that allows for the use of modern information technologies to obtain reliable results. Design. Tis study was carried out with a sample of 1,232 children. For data collection, the multifactor study of mental development tool was used as a part of a sofware complex for longitudinal research. Tis tool included a much more extensive set of tasks than in traditional tests of abilities, allowing for a wider variation of the factor structure. For the 4-year-olds, 236 tasks were used and 349 for the 5-year-olds. Factor and discriminant analysis were carried out to construct scales for each age group (6–7 points in each), which most accurately predict the diagnosis (Norm/DD). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to verify the prediction model. Results. Two scales were elaborated, which coincided with the type of variables combined in each of them regardless of age (for 4-years — simpler and for 5-years — more complex): logical reasoning, motor skills, and general awareness (listed in descending order of contribution to the prediction). SEM confrmed that the selected scales are indicators of the general ability factor, which is the main predictor of the diagnosis. Conclusions. Two short scales for the rapid diagnosis of DD in preschool children were constructed, allowing the use of computer technology to timely identify the risk group among 4- and 5-year-olds with high sensitivity and specifcity of the forecast (not lower than 95%)

Annealing effect on temperature stability and mechanical stress at the “CdxPb1−xS film – substrate” interface

The article establishes the upper temperature steadiness limit of СdxPb1-xS supersaturated solid solutions obtained by chemical bath deposition. СdxPb1-xS (x = 0.06; 0.122; 0.176) and (x = 0.02–0.05) films remained stable under the heating up to 405–410 and 450 K, respectively. SEM studies have shown that heating of СdxPb1-xS films (x = 0.02–0.05) to 620 K leads to the structure destruction. Internal mechanical compressive stresses at the "СdxPb1-xS film-substrate" interface was calculated in the range of 300–900 K for the first time ever, the highest values reached 2000–2750 kN/m2 for a number of the films compositions. In contrast to solid solutions, the expansion stresses up to 100 kN/m2 were derived for the CdS layer at 900 K. The obtained temperature steadiness boundaries and the mechanical stresses of СdxPb1-xS films must be taken into account in the development of photonic devices based on such materials

INFLUENCE OF SEX DIFFERENCES ON PHARMACOKINETICS OF DRUGS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIES OF GENERIC MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

Background. Evidence of the effect of sex on the pharmacokinetics of drugs and, accordingly, on the clinical response is significantly accumulated, because of a growing number of clinical studies of the early development of original drugs, which include female subjects. The number of bioequivalence studies of replicated drugs involving both sexes is also growing. Of particular importance for the bioavailability of oral medications are differences in the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. Along with this factor, the differences may be due to the dosage form of the reproduced drug, which may differ from that of the reference (original). The aim of the study was to identify the effect of sex differences on the pharmacokinetics of drugs and to propose an algorithm for assessing their detection. Materials and methods. The article presents a general analysis of the works devoted to the pharmacokinetics of medicines in men and women and includes literature data. Results. The main factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of drugs (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) are identified. Examples of medicinal products for which differences in pharmacokinetics in men and women are revealed are given. The article describes the main international requirements for conducting clinical trials and bioequivalence studies with regard to the choice of gender of subjects and their number to be included in the clinical study. It is suggested that there is a need to further study of the effect of sex differences on bioequivalence results in carrying out relevant studies. Conclusion. An algorithm for estimating the detection of sex differences and their effect on the results of bioequivalence studies of generic drugs is proposed

Screening of anxiolytic properties and analysis of structure-activity relationship of new derivatives of 6-(4-methoxy)-7H-[1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-a] [2,3] benzodiazepine under the code RD

Anxiolytic potential and cytotoxic properties of previously synthesized molecules, containing fragments of 2,3-benzodiazepine and 1,2,4-triazole - 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-A] [2,3]benzodiazepines under the generic code RD were studie

Influence of Diazepino [1,2-a] benzimidazole derivative (DAB-19) on behavioral aspects of animals

In the present study, compound DAB-19 was screened for its influence on animals` behavior patterns, such as aggression, obsessive-compulsive behavior, emotional lability, and unsociabilit

Practical recommendations for safe reduction of body weight in combat sports: scoping review

The presence of weight categories in martial arts requires an athlete to constantly maintain and control body weight and, in some cases, to reduce it. For this reason, it is common among martial artists to use forced methods of body weight reduction, which are often unphysiological and may have a negative impact on performance, as well as pose a danger to health. In this connection, it is of practical interest to search, analyse and introduce into practice physiological and safe methods of body weight reduction by athletes-athletes before participation in competitions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various methods of weight loss in athletes preparing to participate in competitions.Materials and methods: the review was conducted according to the methodology of Scoping review. Articles were selected in the domestic data-bases eLibrary and Russian State Library, using the following keywords: «методы снижения массы тела ИЛИ снижение массы тела ИЛИ весогонка» И «единоборства ИЛИ боевые виды спорта», as well as in the foreign databases ScienceDirect and PubMed, using the following keywords: «making weight OR weight loss» AND «combat sports», placed in a search depth of 15 years.Results: we found 121 studies, 3 duplicates were excluded after initial screening, 118 studies were screened for inclusion criteria, and a total of 16 studies were included in the review.Conclusion: a reduction of 5 to 10 % of body weight less than 7 days before the official weigh-in may adversely affect performance parameters and the state of the body’s functional systems. A reduction of up to 5 % of body weight 7 or more days before the official weigh-in is the safest