Follow-up of the re-evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228)

Sulfur dioxide-sulfites (E 220-228) were re-evaluated in 2016, resulting in the setting of a temporary ADI of 0.7 mg SO2 equivalents/kg bw per day. Following a European Commission call for data, the present follow-up opinion assesses data provided by interested business operators (IBOs) and additional evidence identified in the publicly available literature. No new biological or toxicological data addressing the data gaps described in the re-evaluation were submitted by IBOs. Taking into account data identified from the literature search, the Panel concluded that there was no substantial reduction in the uncertainties previously identified in the re-evaluation. Therefore, the Panel considered that the available toxicity database was inadequate to derive an ADI and withdrew the current temporary group acceptable daily intake (ADI). A margin of exposure (MOE) approach was considered appropriate to assess the risk for these food additives. A lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose of 38 mg SO2 equivalents/kg bw per day, which is lower than the previous reference point of 70 mg SO2 equivalents/kg bw per day, was estimated based on prolonged visual evoked potential latency. An assessment factor of 80 was applied for the assessment of the MoE. At the estimated dietary exposures, when using a refined exposure scenario (Data set D), MOEs at the maximum of 95th percentile ranges were below 80 for all population groups except for adolescents. The dietary exposures estimated using the maximum permitted levels would result in MOEs below 80 in all population groups at the maximum of the ranges of the mean, and for most of the population groups at both minimum and maximum of the ranges at the 95th percentile. The Panel concluded that this raises a safety concern for both dietary exposure scenarios. The Panel also performed a risk assessment for toxic elements present in sulfur dioxide-sulfites (E 220-228), based on data submitted by IBOs, and concluded that the maximum limits in the EU specifications for arsenic, lead and mercury should be lowered and a maximum limit for cadmium should be introduced

Tarjeta de Visita de J. Casimiro Mirat a Pedro Dorado Montero

Tarjeta de Visita del salmantino, D. J. Casimiro Mirat a D. Pedro Dorado Montero, deseándole felicidades

Effects of Swirl on the Stabilization of Non-Premixed Oxygen Enriched Flames Above Coaxial Injectors

International audienc

Comparison among Lattice Boltzmann and finite volume solvers for swirled confined flows

International audienceA finite volume and two Lattice-Boltzmann unsteady, flow solvers using LES (Large Eddy Simulation) were compared in a swirling flow configuration, typical of aeronautical combustion chambers. Numerical results were validated against experimental data collected at EM2C laboratory by comparing pressure losses, mean and RMS velocity profiles on multiple planes and axial velocity spectra. Meshes and the overall numerical setups were individually adjusted for each code to obtain the targeted accuracy before comparing CPU efficiencies. Results confirm that the three LES codes provide high fidelity results, much better than usual RANS especially in terms of RMS data. The analysis of CPU performances shows that LBM (Lattice-Boltzmann Method) solvers are faster than the finite volume solver, even if CPU efficiencies remains of the same order of magnitude. In addition, strong scaling tests from 36 to 900 cores show that the finite volume solver scales more efficiently than the LBM codes (specially when the number of grid points per core is not sufficient)