In situ nutrient degradation of conventional diets commonly fed to dairy cows in central Myanmar

The determination of nutrient degradability is very important for the effective use of feeds in ruminant production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient degradability and energy protein synchronization of conventional diets commonly fed to dairy cows in the central Myanmar through the in situ method. The conventional diets are Diet-ST (diet from Sin Tel), Diet-MN (diet from Myay Ngu), Diet-TP (diet from Ta Pel) and Diet-AM (diet from Amarapura). The roughage to concentrate ratio of conventional diets ranged from 53:47 to 72:28. The crude protein (CP) content of Diet-TP (17.96%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of other diets with the least CP obtained from Diet-AM (11.46%). Among the conventional diets, wide variation of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) disappearances were observed throughout the incubation times. The highest value (p<0.05) was found in Diet-AM and the lowest (p<0.05) was observed in Diet-ST and Diet-TP. The rapidly degradable fraction “a†and rate of degradation “c†of DM and OM of Diet-AM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of other diets. The effective degradability of DM and OM were also highest (p<0.05) in Diet-AM. Generally, the lowest (p<0.05) CP disappearance was observed in Diet-TP. The rapidly degradable fraction “a†of CP was highest (p<0.05) in Diet-ST and the greater (p<0.05) effective degradability was observed for Diet-AM. Moreover, the highest values (p<0.05) of rumen degradable protein (RDP), rumen undegradable protein (UDP) and energy protein synchronization were found in Diet-TP, while the lowest value was observed in Diet-AM. Therefore, it was concluded that all conventional diets could be used as ration for dairy cows; however, the best potential was found in Diet-AM because of its highest effective degradability of nutrients

Determinants of preterm birth, small for gestational age and foetal growth in a marginalized populations on Thai-Myanmar border: a 30 year population cohort study

Preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) have serious implications for neonatal health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where healthcare access is restricted, and socioeconomic disparities are prevalent. This thesis aimed to investigate the factors influencing PTB, SGA, and foetal growth among marginalized pregnant women along the Thai-Myanmar border. The research objectives were to identify demographic, infectious, medical, and obstetric factors associated with poor birth outcomes (Objective 1); explore the determinants of PTB and SGA in a 30-year cohort of refugee and migrant pregnant women (Objective 2); identify the demographic, infectious (malaria infection), and non-infectious factors (preeclampsia) associated with poor foetal growth (Objective 3); and explore interventions to optimize foetal growth in low-resource settings (Objective 4). Retrospective data analysis utilized secondary data from the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU), including antenatal care and delivery records, and prospective pregnancy cohort studies. The findings aligned with existing literature, highlighting a high prevalence of teenage pregnancies and a dual burden of malnutrition (overweight and underweight) linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Risk factors for PTB included teenage pregnancy, low Body Mass Index (BMI), preeclampsia, a history of previous PTB, and non-malaria bacterial infection. Risk factors for SGA included teenage primigravida, advanced maternal age, low BMI, smoking, malaria infection, and preeclampsia. Increased maternal height and BMI were protective factors for both PTB and SGA. Additionally, maternal overweight and carrying a male fetus were associated with higher mean abdominal circumference (AC) z-scores, while the height of taller women and overweight mothers influenced head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and femur length (FL) z-scores. Preeclampsia had a significant adverse impact on AC and FL z-scores. Malaria infection did not significantly affect HC and BPD, but vivax-infected pregnancies showed lower mean AC and FL z-scores temporarily after infection, all of which were treated. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive healthcare approaches to reduce the burden of PTB and SGA in LMICs. At SMRU, malaria control effort has successfully decreased the adverse impact from malaria, whereas non-infectious causes are becoming more prevalent. Addressing identified risk factors, along with comprehensive healthcare strategies, can contribute to improving birth outcomes in these settings. As these findings emerged from this thesis three strategies have been implemented in the population: i) avoiding repeat teenage pregnancy after childbirth, ii) aspirin and calcium for prevention of pre-eclampsia and iii) most recently screening all women for gestational diabetes using a two-step approach. Government led service provision would be ideal however the civil war following the February 2021 coup d’etat threatens gains obtained in the prior decade. There is real danger malaria will re-emerge due to conflict. Malaria redirects limited resources to fight a single scourge and will inevitably increase maternal and child death

Drill stem and Deliverability test analysis: Case study of a gas field well test analysis in Myanmar

Drill-stem tests are performed to confirm or prove the presence and the producibility of oil and gas that is detected by the other services. It is usually performed on exploration wells are often the key to determining whether a well has found a commercial hydrocarbon reservoir. Reservoir parameters specifically related to productive capacity such as pressure, permeability can be determined through drill stem test. Common sequence of a drill stem test includes of a short flow period mostly five or ten minutes, which is followed by a buildup period of about an hour that is used to determine initial reservoir pressure. Afterwards, the well is allowed to flow for next four to twenty four hours to establish stable flow to the surface then the well is shut in again for final shut in or build up test which is used to determine permeability thickness and flow potential. Drill stem tests are usually combined with deliverability tests which is referred to the testing of a well to measure its production capabilities and flow performance relationships. Most common deliverability tests are flow after flow, single-point, isochronal and modified isochronal tests. Two main applications of deliverability tests are obtaining the absolute open flow (AOF) potential and generating reservoir inflow performance relationship (IPR) or gas backpressure curve. This paper discusses the case study of drill stem test and deliverability test done on a well in one of the gas fields located in Myanmar. Topics will cover the analyses of reservoir parameters through initial build up test, final build up test during the drill stem test and analysis of flow after flow test for Darcy and Non Darcy skin factors. In addition, it will further discusses the comparison of deliverability tests (empirical and analytical) and lastly perform production forecasting. The analyses are performed through Pansystem which is the well test analysis software developed by Weatherford Inc

Therapeutic potential of anti-VEGF receptor 2 therapy targeting for M2-tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer

博士（医学）福島県立医科大

Interference Analysis of Medium Voltage Air Line 20 KV Feeder Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Method

This article discusses the interference analysis of medium voltage air line 20 kv feeder using failure mode and effects analysis method. The distribution network consists of two parts, the first the distribution network consists of two parts, the first is the medium / primary voltage (JTM) network, which supplies electrical power from the sub-transmission substation to the distribution substation, the primary distribution network uses three wires or four wires for three phases. the impact of the reliability index from the calculation of the impact of the reliability index based on the number of disturbances (SAIFI), it shows that in January 2019 it has the highest index value, namely SAIFI, 1,695 disturbances/ subscribers. From the results of the calculation of the impact of the reliability index based on the number of blackouts (SAIDI), it shows that in January 2019 the SAIDI index value was 3,883 hours/customer

Drill stem and Deliverability test analysis: Case study of a gas field well test analysis in Myanmar

Drill-stem tests are performed to confirm or prove the presence and the producibility of oil and gas that is detected by the other services. It is usually performed on exploration wells are often the key to determining whether a well has found a commercial hydrocarbon reservoir. Reservoir parameters specifically related to productive capacity such as pressure, permeability can be determined through drill stem test. Common sequence of a drill stem test includes of a short flow period mostly five or ten minutes, which is followed by a buildup period of about an hour that is used to determine initial reservoir pressure. Afterwards, the well is allowed to flow for next four to twenty four hours to establish stable flow to the surface then the well is shut in again for final shut in or build up test which is used to determine permeability thickness and flow potential. Drill stem tests are usually combined with deliverability tests which is referred to the testing of a well to measure its production capabilities and flow performance relationships. Most common deliverability tests are flow after flow, single-point, isochronal and modified isochronal tests. Two main applications of deliverability tests are obtaining the absolute open flow (AOF) potential and generating reservoir inflow performance relationship (IPR) or gas backpressure curve. This paper discusses the case study of drill stem test and deliverability test done on a well in one of the gas fields located in Myanmar. Topics will cover the analyses of reservoir parameters through initial build up test, final build up test during the drill stem test and analysis of flow after flow test for Darcy and Non Darcy skin factors. In addition, it will further discusses the comparison of deliverability tests (empirical and analytical) and lastly perform production forecasting. The analyses are performed through Pansystem which is the well test analysis software developed by Weatherford Inc

Sport as a tool of politics: A study on Myanmar's Southeast Asian Games 2013

Since a new semi-civilian government came to power in March 2011, Myanmar has embarked on sweeping reforms to end its isolation and integrate its economy with the international economy. As a signal of stimulating the economic stagnation, President Thein Sein's government revamped finance and investment laws to draw more foreign investment into the country and asked for financial and technical assistance from the international community at the same time. However, the image of a military-influenced civilian government has created administrative problems for Myanmar's policy of national re-unification and economic development. So Myanmar badly needed to improve its national image and legitimacy in order to reduce the obstacles to its regional and international political and economic objectives. As a diversely populated country, Myanmar leaders thought that projecting a positive national image will contribute to a higher level of national brand and uplift their political legitimacy. Therefore the government decided to host the 27th SEA Games which may be vital for re-branding of Myanmar and so they prepared to formulate this idea since before the transfer of power from military government to a new semi-civilian government in 2011. The Games was a good opportunity for the former Myanmar military leaders to showcase their top-down democratization model. Eventually, with the honour of hosting the Games in December 2013 that returned to the country after 44 years, Myanmar successfully hosted the biggest regional sporting event as a promotion for the new Myanmar. Especially, Myanmar showed its kind hospitability throughout the Games while sport athletes uplifted the nation’s image by earning the most medals for the first time since the competition began in 1959. Therefore, it can be said that hosting the SEA Games could revitalize the standard of Myanmar sports. After the Games, Myanmar people proudly say the words, "That's Myanmar". They have swallowed those words under an oppressive era for decades. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the once-pariah state, Myanmar, used the 2013 SEA Games to present itself as a normal and friendly country and to achieve international recognition

ミャンマー・ヤンゴン市におけるデング3型ウイルス(DENV-3)遺伝子型Iの出現に伴うDENV-3症例の増加、2017年－2019年

長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1369号 [学位授与年月日]令和3年9月17

Feeding values of conventional diets and their effects on the performances of dairy cows in Central Myanmar

The conventional diets have been fed to dairy cows since many years ago in Myanmar, however there is a little scientific information regarding the use of those diets as feed. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the feeding values of conventional diets and their effects on the performances of dairy cows in Central Myanmar. Nine cross-bred Holstein Friesian cows (460±22kg) with the 12th week of lactation were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The three treatments were Diet-ST (common diet from Sin Tel, Tatar U Township), Diet-MN (common diet from Myay Ngu, Tatar U Township) and Diet-AM (common diet from Amarapura Township). Cows were fed treatments for 60 days. The roughage to concentrate ratios ranged from 53:47 to 72:28 and the nutritive values were significantly different (p<0.05) each other. The highest nutrient intakes were observed in dairy cows fed on Diet-MN, however the nutrient digestibility were not different (p>0.05) except the CP and ether extract digestibility (CPD and EED). The nitrogen utilization was highest in dairy cows fed on Diet-ST and the lowest value was observed in the dairy cows fed on Diet-AM. Although the milk compositions were not different (p>0.05), the average milk yield of dairy cows offered the Diet-MN was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of dairy cows fed on other diets. The highest total feed cost (p<0.05) was found in Diet-AM and the lowest value (p<0.05) was in Diet-MN. According to these findings, it was concluded that the highest feeding value was observed in Diet-MN and its effect on the performances of dairy cows was also greater than others. Moreover, it would be suggested that better bean residues and sesame residues could be used as fibre sources in the diets of dairy cows