Additional file 1: Tables S1. of Factors associated with change in objectively measured physical activity in older people – data from the physical activity cohort Scotland study

Results of multivariate regression analyses for theory of planned behaviour components, SF-36 components, and social capital module components. (DOCX 12 kb

Additional file 2: of Leucine and ACE inhibitors as therapies for sarcopenia (LACE trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Participant information leaflet for the LACE trial. (PDF 467 kb

Rapport belge

Informed consent form for the LACE trial. (PDF 29 kb

Additional file 1: of Systematic Techniques to Enhance rEtention in Randomised controlled trials: the STEER study protocol

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist completed for STEER Protocol. (DOC 120 kb

Additional file 1: of Prevalence and correlates of frailty in an older rural African population: findings from the HAALSI cohort study

Table S1. List of components used to construct each frailty score variant tested. Table S2. Prevalence of, and correlations between, each frailty score component used from HAALSI. Table S3. Association between frailty score variants, wellbeing, self-reported health, and ADL impairment in HAALSI. Table S4. Hazard ratios for time to death for frailty categories in HAALSI. Table S5. Discrimination of different frailty score variants to predict death at one year. (DOCX 20 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Prevalence and correlates of frailty in an older rural African population: findings from the HAALSI cohort study

Overlap between prevalence of frailty, multimorbidity and impairment in Activities of Daily Living in HAALSI. (TIFF 121 kb

Additional file 2: of Prevalence and correlates of frailty in an older rural African population: findings from the HAALSI cohort study

Definitions of multimorbidity and other outcomes. Additional methods describing disease and multimorbidity definitions, activities of daily living and subjective wellbeing measures. (DOCX 16 kb

Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study

Introduction: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the effect of frailty has been unclear. Methods: This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables. Results: Data from 5,711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, interquartile range [IQR] 54–83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 versus 18–49: hazard ratio [HR] 3.57, confidence interval [CI] 2.54–5.02), frailty (CFS 8 versus 1–3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29–4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 versus 1–3: odds ratio 7.00, CI 5.27–9.32), delirium, dementia and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9. Conclusion: Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age.</p