108 research outputs found
Neighborhood disadvantage across the transition from adolescence to adulthood and risk of metabolic syndrome
This study investigates the association between neighborhood disadvantage from adolescence to young adulthood and metabolic syndrome using a life course epidemiology framework. Data from the United States-based National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 9500)and a structural equation modeling approach were used to test neighborhood disadvantage across adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood in relation to metabolic syndrome. Adolescent neighborhood disadvantage was directly associated with metabolic syndrome in young adulthood. Evidence supporting an indirect association between adolescent neighborhood disadvantage and adult metabolic syndrome was not supported. Efforts to improve cardiometabolic health may benefit from strategies earlier in life
Photosensitivity in South Africa. VIII. Ovine metabolism of Tribulus terrestris saponins during experimentally induced geeldikkop
Geeldikkop was induced in a sheep by dosing it orally with a crude extract of the steroidal saponins
from Tribulus terrestris. GC-MS analysis of the sheep's ruminal contents, bile, faeces and urine for
free and conjugated sapogenins, revealed the general features of the metabolic pathway by which diosgenin
and yamogenin glycosides were converted into the glucuronides of epismilagenin and episarsasapogenin,
the major constituents of the biliary crystals that usually form during geeldikkop. Other steroidal
saponins in the T. terrestris extract, including those derived from tigogenin, neotigogenin, gitogenin and
neogitogenin, appear to be non-lithogenic. The implications of these findings are discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Foundation
for Research and Development
Conflation between self-report and neurocognitive assessments of cognitive flexibility: a critical review of the Jingle Fallacy
Cognitive flexibility is a widely studied construct and is considered an important treatment target for several psychological disorders. The convergence of several independent fields of research has led to assumptions about the assessment of cognitive flexibility – assumptions that are not empirically supported and often conflate different notions of flexibility. This critical review discusses how the conflation of self-report and neurocognitive assessments has seemingly arisen from literature on eating disorders. We describe how seminal early observations of “inflexible” personality characteristics, communication competence research, and investigations of frontal lobe function after injury led to two methods of assessing “cognitive flexibility”. We discuss the impact that conflation of self-report and neurocognitive assessments has had on the field, and we provide recommendations for assessing cognitive flexibility in both research and clinical settings.Caitlin A. Howlett, Stephanie Miles, Carolyn Berryman, Andrea Phillipou and G. Lorimer Mosele
Photosensitivity in South Africa. VII. Chemical composition of biliary crystals from a sheep with experimentally induced geeldikkop
Geeldikkop was induced in a sheep by oral administration of crude saponins from Tribulus terrestris.
Centrifugation of the bile from this sheep gave a pale green sediment of crystalloid material which was
insoluble in common organic solvents, but soluble in acetic acid. Analysis of the crystalloid material by
¹H and ¹³C NMR, EDXA, TLC, LSIMS, and by acidic hydrolysis followed by TLC and GC-MS, revealed
it to be composed principally of a 6:1 mixture of the calcium salts of the β-D-glucuronides of the steroidal
sapogenins epismilagenin and episarsasapogenin. The administered saponin was found to contain
glycosides of the steroidal sapogenins diosgenin, yamogenin, epismilagenin, tigogenin, neotigogenin,
gitogenin and neogitogenin in the ratio 10:7:1:11:7:35:25. A metabolic pathway for the conversion of
diosgenin and yamogenin saponins to the biliary glucuronides is proposed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Agricultural Research Council. Foundation
for Research and Development.mn201
Photosensitivity in South Africa. IX. Structure elucidation of a beta-glucosidase-treated saponin from Tribulus terrestris and the identification of saponin chemotypes of South African T. terrestris
Saponin C, a β-glucosidase-treated saponin isolated from ethanol-water extracts of a South African
collection of Tribulus terrestris, was shown by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy to be
ruscogenin 1-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranoside.GC-MS analysis of the
hydrolysed ethanol-water (4:1) extracts of T. terrestris specimens from two of four sites, revealed high
levels of ruscogenin and potentially lithogenic diosgenin saponins. Specimens from two other sites contained
non-lithogenic saponins derived predominantly from tigogenin, neotigogenin, gitogenin and neogitogenin.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Agricultural Research Council. Foundation
for Research and Development.mn201
Towards a greater dialogue on disability between Muslims and Christians
Attitudes to disability and disabled people by Muslims – focusing on attitudes in the Middle East and North Africa - and Christians – focusing on the West (here taken to mean Europe, North America and Australasia) - were examined through a grounded theory literature search, with the study being divided into three phases of reading and analysis. The aims of study were to develop a dialogue on disability between the two cultures, to inform an understanding of the attitudes to disability in the two cultures, and to inform cultural practice in promoting support and equality in both cultures. The study finds that Islam and Christianity have much in common and are a force for good in promoting and developing disability equality in both Muslim and Christian cultures
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