Examination of liver metastases with contrast enhanced ultrasonography

Objectives: To investigate the effect of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in examination of liver metastasesMaterials and methods: Totally 13 metastatic liver lesions were examined in 13 cases. These lesions were examined by dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasonography with Levovist 2.5/4 gr. flk (contrast agent that contains galactose and palmitic acid). Vascular phase (arterial-portal) and parenchymal phase enhancement patterns were investigated in these lesions.Results: The sensitivity and specifity of vascular phase enhancement and later phase perfusion defect in these lesions were found as %76.92 and %100 respectively. Conclusion: Dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasonography is an effective method in characterization of liver metastase

Unified Field Oriented Controlled Drive System for All Types of PMSMs Considering System Nonlinearities

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) have increasing popularity in recent years due to their extensive use in domestic appliances, electric/hybrid vehicles, wind power generation and more electric aircraft technologies. This paper proposes a unified drive system simulation for all types of PMSMs. Its unified structure achieves self controller tuning and decoupling compensation once a machine is replaced by another. Field oriented control based realistic drive is implemented with a much-simplified simulation. The proposed structure incorporates with parameter variations, inverter nonlinearities, and DC-link voltage variations as well as it simulates ideal system behavior. Each system nonlinearity can be simply studied for any machine by deliberately altering the corresponding parameter owing to its unified structure. Hence, the effect of that particular variation on harmonic distortions, torque ripples, torque production capability, battery utilization ratio, system efficiency, system response and so on can be analyzed in detail. Thus, the novel implementation strategy will be quite useful to analyze the system behavior under different evaluation metrics, and it will accelerate the research and developments on the promising topic. The effectiveness of the strategy has been verified by extensive simulations

Cultural Politics in the Transformation of Islamic Education in South Sumatra: A Study of the Pesantren Law 2019

The relationship between the governing state officials and the ulama (Islamic scholars) governing pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) is mutually beneficial. One of the state’s accommodations regarding the pesantren’s interest and development is the formulation of legislation that provides a stronger acknowledgement and better legal foundation for the betterment of the pesantren, which is law number 18, 2019, concerning pesantren. The importance of this law and its relationship with the dynamics of Indonesian politics and Islamic education is still under study. Therefore, this article aims to unfold how Indonesian cultural politics engender the legislation of pesantren and whether such legislation positively impacts the betterment of the pesantren institution. Through qualitative research, this study found that the mutual relationship between the Indonesian government and Islamic learning institutions gives a conducive political and social environment for the formulation of the law regarding pesantren and the law strengthens the legitimacy of the pesantren in the Indonesian legal and educational system

Multilane traffic density estimation with KDE and nonlinear LS and tracking with Scalar Kalman filtering

Tezin basılısı, İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir.With increasing population, the determination of traffic density becomes very critical in managing the urban city roads for safer driving and low carbon emission. In this study, Kernel Density Estimation is utilized in order to estimate the traffic density more accurately when the speeds of the vehicles are available for a given region. For the proposed approach, as a first step, the probability density function of the speed data is modeled by Kernel Density Estimation. Then, the speed centers from the density function are modeled as clusters. The cumulative distribution function of the speed data is then determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, whose complexity is less when compared to the other techniques and whose robustness is high when outliers exist. Then, the mean values of clusters are estimated from the smoothed density function of the distribution function, followed by a peak detection algorithm. The estimation of variance values and kernel weights, on the other hand, are found by a nonlinear Least Square approach. As the estimation problem has linear and non-linear components, the nonlinear Least Square with separation of parameters approach is adopted, instead of dealing with a high complexity nonlinear equation. Finally, the tracking of former and latter estimations of a road is calculated by using Scalar Kalman Filtering with scalar state - scalar observation generality level. Simulations are carried out in order to assess theperformanceoftheproposedapproach. Forallexampledatasets, theminimummean square error of kernel weights is found to be less than 0.002 while error of mean values is found to be less than 0.261. The proposed approach was also applied to real data from sample road traffic, and the speed center and the variance was accurately estimated. By using the proposed approach, accurate traffic density estimation is realized, providing extra information to the municipalities for better planning of their cities.Declaration of Authorship ii Abstract iii Öz iv Acknowledgments vi List of Figures ix List of Tables x Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Methods to Find Probability Density Function and Cumulative Distribution Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 1.3 Traffic Density Estimation with Kernel Density Estimation . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 The Approaches for Determination of Key Parameters of Traffic Density Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.5 Tracking between Estimated Data and New Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.6 Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Literature Review 7 2.1 Methodologies Used for Estimation of Traffic Density . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 An Example Study of Traffic Density Estimation with KDE and CvM . . 9 2.3 Three Complementary Studies for Traffic Density Estimation and Tracking 9 2.4 Comparison of Three Different Nonlinear Estimation Techniques on the Same Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 2.4.1 A Maximum Likelihood Approach for Estimating DS-CDMA Multipath Fading Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4.2 Channel Estimation for the Uplink of a DS-CDMA System . . . . 12 2.4.3 A Robust Method for Estimating Multipath Channel Parameters in the Uplink of a DS-CDMA System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 3 The Model 16 3.1 Finding Density Distribution with KDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.2 Finding Empirical CDF with KS Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3 Determination of Speed Centers via PDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.4 Estimation of Variance and Kernel Weights with Nonlinear LS Method . . 21 3.5 Tracking of Traffic Density Estimation with Scalar Kalman Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4 Numerical Calculations for Traffic Density Estimation 26 4.1 An Example Traffic Scenario with Five Speed Centers . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.2 The Estimation of A Real Time Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.3 Traffic Density Estimation with Different Kernel Numbers . . . . . . . . . 29 5 Examples to Test Tracking Part of the Model 31 5.1 Tracking with the Change only in Mean Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 Tracking with the Change only in Kernel Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.3 Tracking with the Change in All Three Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6 Assesment 38 7 Conclusion 41 A Derivation of Newton-Raphson Method for the Estimation of Variance Values and Kernel Weights 43 Bibliography 4

A vision for edge AI

Edge Artificial Intelligence is progressively pervading all aspects of our life. However, to perform complex tasks, a massive amount of matrix multiplications needs to be computed. At the same time, the available hardware resources for computation are highly limited. The pressing need for efficiency serves as the motivation for this dissertation. In this dissertation, we propose a vision for highly-resource constrained future intelligent systems that are comprised of robust Binarized Neural Networks operating with approximate memory and approximate computing units, while being able to be trained on the edge

The Project of the Creation of an Ottoman Nation and Attempts at Turkification

Education is one of the unique ways for reaching the level of contemporary civilizations. With this understanding, the new education system was put into practice after the promulgation of the Republic. The manner of giving religious education and whether this education should be given or not has been controversial in this system and the effects of such discussions have continued until today. The revolutionary staff, who believe that one of the most important spheres that revives and unites a society is religion and that such an important and valuable aspect should be under the state control, shut down madrasahs and wanted to transform Imam-Hatip schools into theological schools. The source of debates that have reached the present day has been shaped in this process. In this study, the approach of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the new education system to religious education was evaluated. Archival documents, newspapers, journals and copyright works were reviewed during the research process