Internet based survey on energy use and evaluation, including household machinery and climate impacts

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20th century variations of the soil moisture content in East- Hungary

The present study is an illustrated version of the Abstract of a PhD Theses prepared by the first author at the University of Szeged". The aim of the Theses is to give a modem climatographical analysis on the varied hydrometeorological relations of the region, based on reliable observations of meteorological stations. The analysis includes statistical characteristics of the inter-annual variability, spatial and temporal correlation of the available soil moisture content and long-range changes, as well as their possible relation with climatic trends for greater regions. The above-mentioned aims are intended to be realised on the basis of the Palmer's Drought Severity Index (PDSI) data series. Monthly PDSI data series of five stations (Miskolc, Nyíregyháza, Debrecen, Kecskemét and Szeged) were determined for the 20th century, in three versions. To study the spatial correlations short PDSI sets of 17 stations were calculated for the period between 1951 and 1992, with Thornthwaite's plant-independent method and without homogenisation. The objective and results of our work is to help further the inter-disciplinary study of agro-ecological problems, influenced by the soil moisture content, by performing objective regionalization based on soil moisture anomalies in the region; by publishing the characteristics and the calendar of the objective yeartypes; and also by determining climatically representative, long dry and wet periods

Spatial and temporal variations of the palmer drought severity index in South-East Hungary

Összefoglalás - Havi száraz és nedves anomáliák térbeli és időbeli jellemzőit elemezzük a Körös-Maros köze (gyakorlatilag Csongrád és Békés megye) területén, amelyet a termesztett növények nagy területi aránya jellemez. A nedvességi viszonyokat a Palmer-féle aszályossági index (PDSI) felhasználásával számszerűsítjük. A Palmer-modell számításait az 1951-1990 évek (foként a tenyészidöszakra kiterjedő) havi adatsoraira végeztük el a térség 17 állomására. Az alapvető statisztikai jellemzők, ill. a térbéli és időbeli korrelációk megállapítása mellett faktoranalízis segítségével alrégiókat is meghatároztunk, amelyeken belül a PDSI értékek hasonló fázisban ingadoznak. Vizsgáltuk a nyári félcvbén a térségen belli! fennálló egyidejű korrelációk szorosságát, valamint a kiszáradási folyamat kezdetén (áprilisban) megfigyelt állapot hatását a rákövetkező hónapok PDSI értékeire. A hosszabb, 1881-1990 évek idősoraira elemeztük a lassúbb, egyirányú változásokat, valamint a teljes időszak átlagától szignifikánsan eltérő szakaszok hosszát. Summary - Spatial and diachronic characteristics of monthly dry and wet anomalies are examined in the Körös-Maros Interfluve Area (in the practical calculations, Csongrád and Békés counties, on the Great Hungarian Plain), characterized by high proportionality of managed vegetation. Assessment of humidity conditions is performed by employing the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Palmer's model is applied to monthly data (mostly in the vegetation period) for the period of 1951 -1990 at 17 stations of the region. Besides computation of basic statistics and determination ofthe spatial and temporal correlations, factor analysis is also employed to define subareas in the region, inside of which PDSls covary in time. Synchronous correlations between the stations of the region and the effect of April conditions on the following months PDSI values are also investigated. Long-term, unidirectional changes and also the length of periods are demonstrated, exhibiting averages which are significantly different from that case in which the whole period of 1881-1990 is covered

Az éghajlatváltozás aktuális globális és hazai fejleményei

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A pedagógusok tartalmi és módszertani tudásának fejlesztése a klímaváltozáshoz kapcsolódva

Az éghajlatváltozás az oktatás számára is kihívást jelent, hiszen meg kell ismertetnünk az oktatásban résztvevőkkel, hogy mi a folyamat lényege, mik a következményei, és mit tehetünk a változás lefékezéséért. Írásunk első fele e kérdésekről szól, míg a második részben arra mutatunk példákat, hogy miként tudjuk kihasználni a klímaváltozás iránti érdeklődést arra, hogy más fontos kérdésekre hívjuk fel a figyelmet és fejlesszünk bizonyos kulcskompetenciákat

Education in the Sustainability Development Goals (2016-2030), sustainability in the education

The United Nations (UN) accepted the Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030) for mankind, including 17 Goals and 169 Targets. Sustainability is understood in its widest sense, considering society and economy as equally important pillars, as environmental safety. Fulfilment of these aims needs active and prepared participation of future generations, hence education of these tasks is inevitable. In the paper, a reasonable classification of the Goals is provided, which is missing in the document. This classification sorts the 17 Goals into five groups: Primary needs of humans (Goals 2, 3, 6 and 7); Equality between humans (1, 4, 5 and 10); Efficient, sustainable production (8, 9, 12 and 13); Landscapes in danger (11, 14 and 15) and Worldwide cooperation (16, 17). Goal 4 is devoted to education with 10 Targets, whereas eight further Targets of six Goals literally mention education or synonyms. Having them briefly presented, the paper critically notes those Targets, where education is also requested, but not mentioned by the document. There are also recommendations on how to teach sustainability in the various secondary school subjects. Reversely, examples are also provided to convince the Reader about possibility and usefulness of applying sustainability to support practically all school subjects and to develop key competences by selected aspects of sustainability. In the Appendices, there are global and European indicators, to be used in education of and by sustainability

Az energiahasználat és a klímaváltozás nemzetközi és hazai aktualitásai

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Adalékok az éghajlatváltozás tudományos hátteréhez

In a previous paper scientific background of climate change was comprehended (Mika J. 2019), mostly based on the Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC 2013). Since then, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change issued the Physical Science Basis of Climate Change in its Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC 2021). The present paper surveys the key aspects of climate change established by the new report and presents them in the structure of our former study. The main conclusion of the paper is that the new report reinforces the previous conclusions concerning the human contribution to the warming trends, and supports the projected changes for the future. Some open details remained challenging future research efforts