MEASUREMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT POWER OF MOUTHWASHES INDICATED IN STOMATITIS

ABSTRACTObjective: Hospital formulations containing allopurinol and rebamipide are used in the prophylactic and therapeutic management of stomatitis,owing to their antioxidant powers. The objective of this study was to measure the antioxidant powers of Zyloric® tablets (allopurinol), Mucosta®tablets (rebamipide), different hospital formulations indicated in the management of stomatitis (allopurinol and rebamipide mouthwashes), andAzulene® 0.4% for Gargle (sodium azulene sulfonate).Methods: We measured the antioxidant powers of Zyloric® and Mucosta® tablets, all hospital formulations indicated in the management of stomatitis(allopurinol and rebamipide mouthwashes), and the widely used Azulene® 0.4% for Gargle by employing the biological antioxidant potential test. Wecompared the efficacy of each of these drugs in the management of stomatitis.Results: Azulene® 0.4% for Gargle was found to have stronger antioxidant power than Zyloric® (100 mg) and Mucosta® (100 mg) tablets dissolved inwater. The antioxidant power of the solvent used in hospital formulations was similar to that of the prepared hospital formulation. Antioxidant powerof the drugs themselves was not observed in both the allopurinol and rebamipide mouthwashes.Conclusion: The antioxidant power of the drugs was not observed in both the allopurinol and rebamipide mouthwashes; therefore, hospitalformulations used as antioxidants were found to be less effective in the treatment of stomatitis. However, Azulene® 0.4% for Gargle was found to beuseful in the prophylactic and therapeutic management of stomatitis, owing to its antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.Keywords: Stomatitis, Bone alkaline phosphatase-test, Allopurinol mouthwash, Rebamipide mouthwash, Azulene® 0.4% for Gargle, Antioxidant powe

Development and Evaluation of a Novel 99mTc-Labeled Annexin A5 for Early Detection of Response to Chemotherapy

99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 can be considered as a benchmark in the field of apoptosis imaging. However, 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 has characteristics of high uptake and long retention in non-target tissues such as kidney and liver. To minimize this problem, we developed a novel 99mTc-labeled annexin A5 using a bis(hydroxamamide) derivative [C3(BHam)2] as a bifunctional chelating agent, and evaluated its usefulness as an imaging agent for detecting apoptosis. The amino group of C3(BHam)2 was converted to a maleimide group, and was coupled to thiol groups of annexin A5 pretreated with 2-iminothiolane. 99mTc labeling was performed by a ligand exchange reaction with 99mTc-glucoheptonate. Biodistribution experiments for both 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 and 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 were performed in normal mice. In addition, in tumor-bearing mice, the relationship between the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy (5-FU) and the tumor accumulation of 99mTc-C 3(BHam)2-annexin A5 just after the first treatment of 5-FU was evaluated. 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 was prepared with a radiochemical purity of over 95%. In biodistribution experiments, 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 had a much lower kidney accumulation of radioactivity than 99mTc-HYNIC- annexin A5. In the organs for metabolism, such as liver and kidney, radioactivity after the injection of 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin A5 was residual for a long time. On the other hand, radioactivity after the injection of 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 gradually decreased. In therapeutic experiments, tumor growth in the mice treated with 5-FU was significantly inhibited. Accumulation of 99mTc-C 3(BHam)2-annexin A5 in tumors significantly increased after 5-FU treatment. The accumulation of radioactivity in tumor correlated positively with the counts of TUNEL-positive cells. These findings suggest that 99mTc-C3(BHam)2-annexin A5 may contribute to the efficient detection of apoptotic tumor response after chemotherapy

A Case of Ameloblastoma Removed Using a Three-dimensional Transparent Plastic Jaw Model Which Can Visualize Internal Jawbone Structures

Construction of three-dimensional (3D) models of various organs from CT images using 3D printers has recently become possible. In oral surgery, surgical simulation using a 3D printed jaw model is being widely used. With the conventional use of plaster for jaw modeling, the structures in the jawbone cannot be clearly visualized. Here, we report a case of a mandibular ameloblastoma extirpated using a 3D transparent plastic jaw model which can visualize the structures in the jawbone and assist in recognition of the anatomical position of a tumor. The patient was a 23-year-old woman who visited our hospital in 2016 with a complaint of swelling of the right mandible. Following the diagnosis of ameloblastoma, the tumor was removed. However, after 1 year and 7 months, tumor recurrence was suspected under the mandibular canal. Using a 3D jaw model for visualizing the inside of the jawbone, the tumor was removed with curettage of the surrounding tissue with minimal surgical invasion under general anesthesia. No recurrence has been observed 8 months post-surgery. Therefore, the use of the 3D jaw model facilitated recognition of the anatomical position of the tumor, which resulted in safe and reliable tumor removal

Relieving psychological stress and improving sleep quality by bergamot essential oil use before bedtime and upon awakening: A randomized crossover trial

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic increased psychological stress and decreased sleep quality, especially among young people. Aromatherapy alleviates psychological stress, and bergamot essential oil helps improve depression. This study aimed to verify whether bergamot essential oil use alleviates psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and improves sleep quality and morning wakefulness. Design: A placebo-controlled, randomized, open-label, two-arm, two-period crossover trial. Interventions: Each intervention period was 1 week, with a 1-week washout period between the two periods. Participants used a bergamot or placebo spray before bedtime and upon awakening in each period. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were sleep quality and morning wakefulness, assessed using the Ogri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA). The secondary outcome measures were depression, anxiety, and stress, assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Results: A total of 48 university students participated in the study. A significant improvement was observed in “sleepiness on rising,” “refreshing on rising,” and “sleep length” in the bergamot group. Additionally, a significant improvement was observed in depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: Using bergamot essential oil before bedtime helps relax the mind and body and provides sound sleep. It also improves mood and wakefulness when used upon awakening. Using aromatic essential oils is expected to relieve psychological stress and improve sleep quality and morning wakefulness

A clinical study on malignant lymphomas arising in the oral region

2008年から2018年までの11年間に当科で口腔領域に発症した悪性リンパ腫の18例について臨床的特徴を調べた。患者は，平均年齢が70.2歳の男性10例，女性8例であった。原発部位の10例（55.6％）は上顎歯肉で，初期症状は15例（83.3％）で腫瘤と腫脹であった。7例（38.9％）が初診時に臨床的に悪性リンパ腫と診断されたが，その他の11例は正しく診断することが困難であった。腫瘤形成や潰瘍のような様々な臨床症状が診断を困難にしており，1回の生検では確定診断が得られなかった。そこで，血液検査値が診断の指標であるかどうかを検討した。われわれの結果は，17例中8例のLDH（47.1％）と16例中11例のsIL-2R（68.8％）が高い値を示していた。さらに，われわれはリンパ球/単球数比（LMR）が診断に役立つかどうかを調べた。LMRの値は，17例中13例（76.5％）が有意に低く，非ML患者と比較しても有意差を認めた。以上のことより，LMRの血液検査も診断の補助的なマーカーであると考えられた。We examined the clinical characteristics of 18 cases of malignant lymphomas arising in the oral region which were diagnosed at our department during the 11 years from 2008 to 2018. The patients consisted of 10 males and 8 females whose mean age was 70.2 years. The primary site was the upper gingiva in 10 cases （55.6％）, and the initial symptoms were tumor mass and swelling in 15 cases （83.3％）. Only 7 cases （38.9％） were clinically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma at first visit, but the other 11 cases were difficult to diagnose correctly. The various clinical symptoms such as mass formation and ulcer made differential diagnosis difficult, and a definitive diagnosis could not be obtained by only a single biopsy. Therefore, we examined whether blood test results might be used as an indicator of the diagnosis or not. Our results showed that LDH in 8 of 17 cases （47.1％） and sIL-2R in 11 of 16 cases （68.8％） were high values. Furthermore, we examined whether lymphocyte-monocyte ratio （LMR） helped the diagnosis or not. Thirteen of 17 cases （76.5％） showed a low value of LMR. There was a significant difference in LMR compared to non-malignant lymphoma patients. LMR in the blood tests was also considered to be a useful marker for the diagnosis