The f -index of inclusion as optimal adjoint pair for fuzzy modus ponens

We continue studying the properties of the f -index of inclusion and show that, given a fixed pair of fuzzy sets, their f -index of inclusion can be linked to a fuzzy conjunction which is part of an adjoint pair. We also show that, when this pair is used as the underlying structure to provide a fuzzy interpretation of the modus ponens inference rule, it provides the maximum possible truth-value in the conclusion among all those values obtained by fuzzy modus ponens using any other possible adjoint pair.Partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), State Agency of Research (AEI), Junta de Andalucía (JA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the projects PGC2018-095869-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER) and UMA2018-FEDERJA-001 (JA/UMA/FEDER). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

G-Sense: a scalable architecture for global sensing and monitoring

The pervasiveness of cellular phones combined with Internet connectivity, GPS embedded chips, location information, and integrated sensors provide an excellent platform to collect data about the individual and its surrounding environment. As a result, new applications have recently appeared to address large-scale societal problems as well as improve the quality of life of the individual. However, these new applications, recently called location-based services, participatory sensing, and human-centric sensing, bring many new challenges, one of them being the management of the huge amount of traffic (data) they generate. This article presents G-Sense, for Global-Sense, an architecture that integrates mobile and static wireless sensor networks in support of location-based services, participatory sensing, and human-centric sensing applications. G-Sense includes specific mechanisms to control the amount of data generated by these applications while meeting the application requirements. Furthermore, it creates a network of servers organized in a peer-to-peer architecture to address scalability and reliability issues. An example prototype application is presented along with some basic results and open research issues

ALGORITMO DE ENRUTAMIENTO DISTRIBUIDO PARA REDES INALÁMBRICAS

RESUMEN. En este artículo es propuesto un algoritmo distribuido de enrutamiento para redes de comunicaciones, basado en Sistemas de Hormiga. En el algoritmo propuesto, el espacio de solución del problema de optimización combinatoria dinámico será el espacio dónde las hormigas pasearán, y la probabilidad de transición y la función de actualización del feromona son definidos según la función objetivo del problema de comunicación. Nosotros probamos y comparamos nuestro algoritmo de enrutamiento contra otros esquemas de enrutamiento bien conocidos para redes inalámbricas, y mostramos como nuestra propuesta obtiene mejores rendimientos a nivel de retraso, entre otras medidas. PALABRAS CLAVE Procesamiento Inteligente Distribuido, Algoritmos de Enrutamiento, Redes Inalámbricas, Tolerantes a Fallas. ABSTRACT In this paper, a general Combinatorial Ant System-based distributed routing algorithm is presented. In the proposed algorithm, the solution space of the dynamic combinatorial optimization problem is mapped into the space where the ants will walk, and the transition probability and the pheromone update formula of the Ant System is defined according to the objective function of the communication problem. We test and compare the performance of our routing algorithm against well-known routing schemes for wireless networks, and show its superior performance in terms of throughput, delay, among other measures. KEYWORDS Distributed Intelligent Processing, Distributed Routing Algorithms, Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Fault Tolerant Networks.   

ALGORITMO DE ENRUTAMIENTO DISTRIBUIDO PARA REDES INALÁMBRICAS

RESUMEN. En este artículo es propuesto un algoritmo distribuido de enrutamiento para redes de comunicaciones, basado en Sistemas de Hormiga. En el algoritmo propuesto, el espacio de solución del problema de optimización combinatoria dinámico será el espacio dónde las hormigas pasearán, y la probabilidad de transición y la función de actualización del feromona son definidos según la función objetivo del problema de comunicación. Nosotros probamos y comparamos nuestro algoritmo de enrutamiento contra otros esquemas de enrutamiento bien conocidos para redes inalámbricas, y mostramos como nuestra propuesta obtiene mejores rendimientos a nivel de retraso, entre otras medidas. PALABRAS CLAVE Procesamiento Inteligente Distribuido, Algoritmos de Enrutamiento, Redes Inalámbricas, Tolerantes a Fallas. ABSTRACT In this paper, a general Combinatorial Ant System-based distributed routing algorithm is presented. In the proposed algorithm, the solution space of the dynamic combinatorial optimization problem is mapped into the space where the ants will walk, and the transition probability and the pheromone update formula of the Ant System is defined according to the objective function of the communication problem. We test and compare the performance of our routing algorithm against well-known routing schemes for wireless networks, and show its superior performance in terms of throughput, delay, among other measures. KEYWORDS Distributed Intelligent Processing, Distributed Routing Algorithms, Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Fault Tolerant Networks.   

Homeoprofilaxis en tiempos de coronavirus.

Introduction: the spread of epidemics has been frequent in the history of mankind. Since December 2019, in the People's Republic of China, with the emergence of the Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - known worldwide as COVID-19, this epidemic has caused an unprecedented global impact associated with a high number of deaths. Development: legends and curious data on the use of homeopathic therapeutics in Cuba come to light. In 1992, the Ministry of Public Health authorized the diffusion of Homeopathy in Cuba, Juan Artiga group was created, and in 1993, the first Homeopathic Medical Service was opened and Homeopathy was retaken as a modality within the Natural and Traditional Medicine. In 1999, the II Cuban Congress of Homeopathy was held at Frank Pais Hospital Convention Center, and in 2003 the III Congress was held. However, the most novel in our view, is referred to how despite having this science ancient origins, nowadays it stands out as a measure to prevent viral respiratory diseases.Conclusions: homeopathy, trying to bring the patient to that state of physical, social and psychological well-being, which is indefinable and unconscious. Homeopathic prophylaxis in Cuba has set high the principles of Community Medicine and once again demonstrates the broad vision of a Cuban socialist healthcare system.Introducción: la propagación de epidemias ha sido frecuente en la historia de la humanidad. Desde diciembre de 2019, en la República Popular China, con el surgimiento del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo por Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) –  conocido mundialmente como COVID-19, este ha ocasionado un impacto mundial sin precedentes al que se asocia un elevado número de fallecidos.Desarrollo: Salen a la luz leyendas y datos curiosos sobre el empleo de esa terapéutica la homeopatía en Cuba. En 1992, el Ministerio de Salud Pública autoriza la difusión de la Homeopatía en Cuba, por lo que se crea el grupo “Juan Artiga", ya en 1993, se abren las primeras consultas y se retomó de esta manera la Homeopatía como modalidad dentro de la MNT. En 1999 tuvo lugar en el Centro de Eventos del Hospital “Frank País”, el II Congreso Cubano de Homeopatía, y en el 2003 se realizó el III Congreso. Sin embargo, lo más novedoso a nuestro modo de ver, está referido a cómo a pesar de ser esta una ciencia con orígenes antiguos, sobresale en la actualidad como medida para prevenir enfermedades respiratorias virales.Conclusiones: La Homeopatía, tratar de llevar al enfermo a ese estado de bienestar físico, social y psicológico, que es indefinible e inconsciente. La homeoprofilaxis en Cuba ha puesto en alto los principios de la Medicina Comunitaria y una vez más, demuestra la amplia visión de un sistema de salud socialista cubano

Learning strategies to raise the academic level of students of Medical Sciences in Pinar del Rio

The paper deals with learning strategies and their necessity in contemporary education as a way to provide lifelong learning to medical science students. It systematizes some of the most used theoretical positions in the understanding of the subject. It aims to present a theoretical position from a complex and dialectical approach in relation to the perception of learning strategies and the way in which these positions have evolved, highlighting the role that the teacher should play to promote their development. The intention of the present work, leads to the discussion of a detected problem and, above all, raises lines of action that lead to an improvement, however, this improvement is presented in an innovative way, since it starts from the theoretical support, from those arguments that characters of the psychology of learning and cognition have raised, through their explanations of how the process of learning occurs, from the process of teaching. The data reveal that high-performing students use more strategies than low-performing ones. Hence the importance of guiding students in the use of learning strategies so that they can perform a variety of tasks and facilitate the study of the different disciplines that make up the curriculum throughout their careers, helping them to be more autonomous and effective in their learning

Centinela: A human activity recognition system based on acceleration and vital sign data

This paper presents Centinela, a system that combines acceleration data with vital signs to achieve highly accurate activity recognition. Centinela recognizes five activities: walking, running, sitting, ascending, and descending. The system includes a portable and unobtrusive real-time data collection platform, which only requires a single sensing device and a mobile phone. To extract features, both statistical and structural detectors are applied, and two new features are proposed to discriminate among activities during periods of vital sign stabilization. After evaluating eight different classifiers and three different time window sizes, our results show that Centinela achieves up to 95.7% overall accuracy, which is higher than current approaches under similar conditions. Our results also indicate that vital signs are useful to discriminate between certain activities. Indeed, Centinela achieves 100% accuracy for activities such as running and sitting, and slightly improves the classification accuracy for ascending compared to the cases that utilize acceleration data only

¿Reducir el rango de comunicación o apagar nodos? Una evaluación inicial de estrategias para control de topología en redes inalámbricas de sensores

AbstractTopology control-TC is a strategy used to save energy in wireless sensor networks. Topology construction-TCn is the area of TC that studies the reduction of the network topology, while maintaining characteristics like connectivity and coverage. There are two main strategies to reduce the topology of a network: reducing the transmission power, like the KNEIGH-Tree, and decreasing the number of active nodes in the network, like A3 and A3Cov. Both strategies reduce the energy consumption and, therefore, increase the network lifetime; however, these strategies have not been compared against one another. This paper compares the three protocols mentioned before in terms of the network lifetime and coverage. The results show that in dense networks, the A3 and A3Cov protocols extend the lifetime of the network more than twice than that of the offered by the KNEIGH-Tree protocol.ResumenControl de Topología-(CT) es una estrategia para ahorrar energía en las redes inalámbricas de sensores. Construcción de Topología-(CnT) es el área de CT que estudia la reducción de la topología de la red, manteniendo características como cubrimiento y conectividad. Las dos principales estrategias existentes para CnT se basan en reducir la potencia de transmisión de los nodos, como el KNEIGH-Tree, o en disminuir el número de nodos activos, como A3 y A3Cov. Ambas estrategias reducen el consumo de energía en la red, extendiendo su vida útil; sin embargo, hasta ahora estas estrategias no se han comparado entre ellas. Este artículo evalúa los tres protocolos mencionados en términos de su impacto en la vida de la red y la cobertura de área. Los resultados en redes densas muestran que A3 y A3Cov superan en más de 100% los resultados de KNEIGH-Tree

Differential effects of tau stage, Lewy body pathology, and substantia nigra degeneration on FDG-PET patterns in clinical AD

PURPOSE: Comorbid Lewy body (LB) pathology is common in AD. The effect of LB co-pathology on FDG-PET patterns in AD is yet to be studied. We analysed associations of neuropathologically-assessed tau pathology, LB pathology, and substantia nigra neuron loss (SNnl) with ante-mortem FDG-PET hypometabolism in patients with a clinical AD presentation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with autopsy-confirmed AD (‘pure-AD’), 24 with AD and LB co-pathology (‘AD-LB’), and 7 with LB but no or low evidence of AD pathology (‘pure-LB’) were studied. Pathologic groups were compared on regional and voxel-wise FDG-PET patterns, the cingulate island sign ratio (CISr), and neuropathological ratings of SNnl. Additional analyses assessed continuous associations of Braak tangle stage and SNnl with FDG-PET patterns. RESULTS: Pure-AD and AD-LB showed highly similar patterns of AD-typical temporo-parietal hypometabolism and did not differ in CISr, regional FDG SUVR, or SNnl. By contrast, pure-LB showed the expected DLB-like pattern, accompanied by pronounced occipital hypometabolism and elevated CISr and SNnl compared to the AD groups. In continuous analyses, Braak tangle stage was significantly correlated with more AD-like, and SNnl with more DLB-like, FDG-PET patterns. CONCLUSIONS: In autopsy-confirmed AD dementia patients, comorbid LB pathology did not have a notable effect on the regional FDG-PET pattern. A more DLB-like FDG-PET pattern was observed in relation to SNnl, but advanced SNnl was mostly limited to relatively pure LB cases. AD pathology may have a dominant effect over LB pathology in determining the regional neurodegeneration phenotype