Share of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inflammatory bowel disease. The diagnostic usefulness of selected markers. Part 1

Malfunctioning of environmental, immunologic or genetic mechanisms brings about a disorder of system homeostasis, which results in the development of diseases of arduous course. Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of disorders which house a pathological inflammation of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It is postulated that one reason for the resulting changes may be free radical reactions. As a result of the ongoing inflammation under the course of the disease an influx of neutrophils into the lumen begins. Although endoscopic examination constitutes an irreplaceable method in the evaluation of the resulting changes, laboratory tests are an essential tool in the diagnostic process. In recent years it has been proven that the role of faecal calprotectin as a non-invasive test can be used to differentiate organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases, and evaluate remission or exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease [6,28]. It has also been noted that there is a need to seek other new markers that would facilitate the diagnosis.W wyniku nieprawidłowego działania mechanizmów środowiskowych, immunologicznych czy genetycznych dochodzi do zaburzenia homeostazy ustrojowej, co skutkuje rozwojem chorób o uciążliwym przebiegu. Nieswoiste zapalenia jelit stanowią grupę schorzeń, w których dochodzi do patologicznego zapalenia ściany przewodu pokarmowego. Postuluje się, iż jedną z przyczyn powstałych zmian mogą być reakcje wolnorodnikowe. W wyniku toczącego się procesu zapalnego w przebiegu tych chorób rozpoczyna się napływ neutrofilów do światła jelita. Mimo, iż niezastąpioną metodą w ocenie powstałych zmian jest badanie endoskopowe, badania laboratoryjne stanowią niezbędne narzędzie w procesie diagnostycznym. W ostatnich latach udowodniona jest rola kalprotektyny kałowej, jako nieinwazyjnego badania służącego do różnicowania organicznych i czynnościowych chorób przewodu pokarmowego, oceny remisji bądź zaostrzenia nieswoistego zapalenia jelit [6,28]. Wskazuje się także na potrzebę poszukiwania innych nowych markerów, które przyczyniłyby się do ułatwienia diagnostyki

Udział reaktywnych form tlenu (RFT) w nieswoistych zapaleniach jelit. Użyteczność diagnostyczna wybranych markerów. Część 1

Malfunctioning of environmental, immunologic or genetic mechanisms brings about a disorder of system homeostasis, which results in the development of diseases of arduous course. Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of disorders which house a pathological inflammation of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It is postulated that one reason for the resulting changes may be free radical reactions. As a result of the ongoing inflammation under the course of the disease an influx of neutrophils into the lumen begins. Although endoscopic examination constitutes an irreplaceable method in the evaluation of the resulting changes, laboratory tests are an essential tool in the diagnostic process. In recent years it has been proven that the role of faecal calprotectin as a non-invasive test can be used to differentiate organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases, and evaluate remission or exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease [6,28]. It has also been noted that there is a need to seek other new markers that would facilitate the diagnosis.W wyniku nieprawidłowego działania mechanizmów środowiskowych, immunologicznych czy genetycznych dochodzi do zaburzenia homeostazy ustrojowej, co skutkuje rozwojem chorób o uciążliwym przebiegu. Nieswoiste zapalenia jelit stanowią grupę schorzeń, w których dochodzi do patologicznego zapalenia ściany przewodu pokarmowego. Postuluje się, iż jedną z przyczyn powstałych zmian mogą być reakcje wolnorodnikowe. W wyniku toczącego się procesu zapalnego w przebiegu tych chorób rozpoczyna się napływ neutrofilów do światła jelita. Mimo, iż niezastąpioną metodą w ocenie powstałych zmian jest badanie endoskopowe, badania laboratoryjne stanowią niezbędne narzędzie w procesie diagnostycznym. W ostatnich latach udowodniona jest rola kalprotektyny kałowej, jako nieinwazyjnego badania służącego do różnicowania organicznych i czynnościowych chorób przewodu pokarmowego, oceny remisji bądź zaostrzenia nieswoistego zapalenia jelit [6,28]. Wskazuje się także na potrzebę poszukiwania innych nowych markerów, które przyczyniłyby się do ułatwienia diagnostyki

Biochemical markers of oxidative stress in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of diseases of unexplained aetiology, characterized by periods of remissions and exacerbations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as far as disorders of balance between levels of prooxidants and antioxidants may also participate in the occurrence of IBD. The aim of the present study was an assessment of the antioxidative barrier of the organism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 99 patients (80 with IBD as a study group and 19 healthy as a control group) from Jan Biziel University Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Venous blood was the material for biochemical analysis: HT, GSH, GPXp, GPXRBC, GST, GR, SOD-1, MDA, NO2-/NO3- and CP. Results: There were statistically significant differences in oxidative stress parameters observed between the study group and the control group, especially concerning HT, GSH, GPXRBC, GST, SOD-1, MDA and NO2-/NO3-. Discussion: The assumption that increased activity of antioxidative compounds may constitute a defence against the influence of oxidative stress may be true. Their decreased activity may participate in lowering an organism’s abilities to defend against oxidative stress and cause the development of free radical diseases. Further studies into targeted preventive strategies are needed. Conclusions: Prooxidative factors play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Due to the still unknown etiopathology of IBD, research on imbalances between pro-oxidants and antioxidants should be continued in larger groups of patients

Fizjoterapia u pacjenta z nowotworem jelita grubego – postępowanie przedoperacyjne

During the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, whether by laparoscopic or classic open method, the tissues in the abdominal cavity are traumatized. The cuts of the muscle fibers are associated with the disturbance of the tone of the postural muscles. A scar within the abdominal cavity also causes movement limitations in the form of restrictions in the mobility of the spine. The implementation of patient rehabilitation in the form of targeted physiotherapy before the procedure should be an indispensable element of the treatment of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study is to propose a therapy that uses the spine mobility test to diagnose deficits. The proposed preoperative therapy focuses mainly on improving the parameters of the spine's mobility. The paper presents examples of activities that can be used in therapy before surgery. A review of the available literature and own experience were used for the work. It can be concluded from the analyzed literature that physiotherapy in oncological patients is not very widespread and is neglected in the treatment process. Patients, by In the literature, before colorectal cancer removal surgery, they are not subjected to physical rehabilitation, which is associated with complications resulting from the course of the procedure. The process of rehabilitating patients after surgical treatment of colorectal cancer should take place in the pre-operative period. Physiotherapy should take into account the weakening of the muscle strength in the trunk and limitations of mobility caused by age. Rehabilitation should be aimed at restoring functionality.Podczas chirurgicznego leczenia raka jelita grubego, czy metodą laparoskopową, czy klasyczną otwartą dochodzi do traumatyzacji tkanek w obrębie jamy brzusznej. Przecięcia włókien mięśniowych wiąże się̨ z zaburzeniem napięcia mięśni posturalnych. Blizna w obrębie jamy brzusznej sprawia również ograniczenia ruchowe, w postaci ograniczeń́ ruchomości kręgosłupa. Wdrożenie usprawniania pacjenta pod postacią ukierunkowanej fizjoterapii przed zabiegiem powinno być́ nieodzownym elementem leczenia raka jelita grubego. Celem pracy jest propozycja terapii wykorzystująca badanie ruchomości kręgosłupa celem zdiagnozowania deficytów. Proponowana terapia przedoperacyjna skupiona jest głównie na poprawie parametrów ruchomości kręgosłupa.  W pracy przedstawiono przykładowe aktywności, które mogą̨ być́ stosowane w terapii przed zabiegiem operacyjnym. Do pracy wykorzystano przegląd dostępnej literatury oraz doświadczenia§ własne. Spośród analizowanej literatury można wnioskować́, że fizjoterapia pacjentów onkologicznych jest mało rozpowszechniona i pomijana w procesie leczenia. Pacjenci, wg. piśmiennictwa, przed zabiegiem usunięcia raka jelita grubego nie są poddawani usprawnianiu ruchowemu co wiąże się z komplikacjami wynikającymi z przebiegu zabiegu. Proces usprawniania pacjentów po chirurgicznym leczeniu raka jelita grubego powinien odbywać się w okresie przed operacyjnym. W fizjoterapii należy uwzględnić osłabienie siły mięśniowej w obrębie tułowia oraz ograniczenia ruchomości spowodowane wiekiem Usprawnianie powinno być ukierunkowane na przywrócenie funkcjonalności. &nbsp

MicroRNA-34/449 controls mitotic spindle orientation during mammalian cortex development

Correct orientation of the mitotic spindle determines the plane of cellular cleavage and is crucial for organ development. In the developing cerebral cortex, spindle orientation defects result in severe neurodevelopmental disorders, but the precise mechanisms that control this important event are not fully understood. Here, we use a combination of high-content screening and mouse genetics to identify the miR-34/449 family as key regulators of mitotic spindle orientation in the developing cerebral cortex. By screening through all cortically expressed miRNAs in HeLa cells, we show that several members of the miR-34/449 family control mitotic duration and spindle rotation. Analysis of miR-34/449 knockout (KO) mouse embryos demonstrates significant spindle misorientation phenotypes in cortical progenitors, resulting in an excess of radial glia cells at the expense of intermediate progenitors and a significant delay in neurogenesis. We identify the junction adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) as a key target for miR-34/449 in the developing cortex that might be responsible for those defects. Our data indicate that miRNA-dependent regulation of mitotic spindle orientation is crucial for cell fate specification during mammalian neurogenesi

Harmonization of Flow Cytometric Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in Multiple Myeloma in Centers of Polish Myeloma Consortium

Minimal residual disease (MRD) status is now considered as one of the most relevant prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (MM) while MRD negativity became an important endpoint in clinical trials. Here, we report the results of the first study evaluating the reproducibility of high-sensitivity flow cytometry MM MRD assessment in four laboratories in Poland. EuroFlow protocols for instrument setting standardization and sample preparation in MM MRD assessment were implemented in each laboratory. In the inter-laboratory reproducibility study, 12 bone marrow samples from MM patients were distributed and processed in participant laboratories. In the inter-operator concordance study, 13 raw data files from MM MRD measurements were analyzed by five independent operators. The inter-laboratory study showed high 95% overall concordance of results among laboratories. In the inter-operator study, 89% of MRD results reported were concordant, and the highest immunophenotype interpretation differences with regard to expression of CD27, CD45, CD81 were noticed. We confirmed the applicability and feasibility of the EuroFlow protocol as a highly sensitive method of MRD evaluation in MM. Results of our inter-center comparison study demonstrate that the standardization of MM MRD assessment protocols is highly desirable to improve quality and comparability of results within and between different clinical trials

Molecular Muscle Experiment:Hardware and Operational Lessons for Future Astrobiology Space Experiments

Biology experiments in space seek to increase our understanding of what happens to life beyond Earth and how we can safely send life beyond Earth. Spaceflight is associated with many (mal)adaptations in physiology, including decline in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, vestibular, and immune systems. Biological experiments in space are inherently challenging to implement. Development of hardware and validation of experimental conditions are critical to ensure the collection of high-quality data. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied in space for more than 20 years to better understand spaceflightinduced (patho)physiology, particularly spaceflight-induced muscle decline. These experiments have used a variety of hardware configurations. Despite this, hardware used in the past was not available for our most recent experiment, the Molecular Muscle Experiment (MME). Therefore, we had to design and validate flight hardware for MME. MME provides a contemporary example of many of the challenges faced by researchers conducting C. elegans experiments onboard the International Space Station. Here, we describe the hardware selection and validation, in addition to the ground-based experiment scientific validation testing. These experiences and operational solutions allow others to replicate and/or improve our experimental design on future missions

Multifaceted Strategy for the Synthesis of Diverse 2,2'-Bithiophene Derivatives

New catalytically or high pressure activated reactions and routes, including coupling, double bond migration in allylic systems, and various types of cycloaddition and dihydroamination have been used for the synthesis of novel bithiophene derivatives. Thanks to the abovementioned reactions and routes combined with non-catalytic ones, new acetylene, butadiyne, isoxazole, 1,2,3-triazole, pyrrole, benzene, and fluoranthene derivatives with one, two or six bithiophenyl moieties have been obtained. Basic sources of crucial substrates which include bithiophene motif for catalytic reactions were 2,2'-bithiophene, gaseous acetylene and 1,3-butadiyne