An IFU investigation of possible Lyman continuum escape from Mrk 71/NGC 2366

Mrk 71/NGC 2366 is the closest Green Pea (GP) analog and candidate Lyman Continuum (LyC) emitter. Recently, 11 LyC-leaking GPs have been detected through direct observations of the ionizing continuum, making this the most abundant class of confirmed LyC-emitters at any redshift. High resolution, multi-wavelength studies of GPs can lead to an understanding of the method(s), through which LyC escapes from these galaxies. The proximity of Mrk 71/NCG 2366 offers unprecedented detail on the inner workings of a GP analog, and enables us to identify the mechanisms of LyC escape. We use 5825-7650{\AA} integral field unit PMAS observations to study the kinematics and physical conditions in Mrk 71. An electron density map is obtained from the [S II] ratio. A fortuitous second order contamination by the [O II]3727 doublet enables the construction of an electron temperature map. Resolved maps of sound speed, thermal broadening, "true" velocity dispersion, and Mach number are obtained and compared to the high resolution magneto-hydrodynamic SILCC simulations. Two regions of increased velocity dispersion indicative of outflows are detected to the north and south of the super star cluster, knot B, with redshifted and blueshifted velocities, respectively. We confirm the presence of a faint broad kinematical component, which is seemingly decoupled from the outflow regions, and is fainter and narrower than previously reported in the literature. Within uncertainties, the low- and high-ionization gas move together. Outside of the core of Mrk 71, an increase in Mach numbers is detected, implying a decrease in gas density. Simulations suggest this drop in density can be as high as ~4 dex, down to almost optically thin levels, which would imply a non-zero LyC escape fraction along the outflows... [abridged]Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 17 pages, 16 figures, 4 table

Sociodemographic Characteristics Of Survival In Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of acquired hematopoietic stem cell disоrders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a high risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Due to the phenotypic diversity of MDS, survival widely varies. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the impact of some socio-demographic characteristics on the survival of patients with MDS. We analyzed 219 patients with MDS, who were admitted in the Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital "St. Marina”- Varna for a period of 10 years (2010-2020). Survival was assessed by age, sex, FAB and WHO2016 subtype and risk group defined by IPSS, IPSS-R and WPSS. There is a significantly higher survival rate in women and an inversely proportional relationship between survival and age. Patients with RAEB and RAEB-t have the lowest survival as well as patients with high and very high risk. MDS presents with significant differences in survival between subtypes, age and sex. The outcome of the disease varies according to the risk group determined by the established scales for risk stratification, and the most accurate in the prognosis is IPSS-R

Mapping Lyman Continuum escape in Tololo 1247-232

Low redshift, spatially resolved Lyman continuum (LyC) emitters allow us to clarify the processes for LyC escape from these starburst galaxies. We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 and ACS imaging of the confirmed low-redshift LyC emitter Tol 1247-232 to study the ionization structure of the gas and its relation to the ionizing star clusters. We perform ionization parameter mapping (IPM) using [O III]4959, 5007 and [O II]3727 imaging as the high- and low-ionization tracers, revealing broad, large-scale, optically thin regions originating from the center, and reaching the outskirts of the galaxy, consistent with LyC escape. We carry out stellar population synthesis modeling of the 26 brightest clusters using our HST photometry. Combining these data with the nebular photometry, we find a global LyC escape fraction of f_esc = 0.12, with uncertainties also consistent with zero escape and with all measured f_esc values for this galaxy. Our analysis suggests that, similar to other candidate LyC emitters, a two-stage starburst has taken place in this galaxy, with a 12 Myr old, massive, central cluster likely having pre-cleared regions in and around the center, and the second generation of 2 - 4 Myr old clusters dominating the current ionization, including some escape from the galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Decreased periferal blood dendritic cells in multiple Myeloma: The potential role of IL-6 and Beta-2-Microglobulin

Introduction: Several studies demonstrate the presence of quantitative and functional abnormalities in the dendritic cell (DC) subsets in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The inhibitory effect of IL-6, TGF-!, IL-10 and beta-2-microglobuline (beta-2-MG) is highly suspected.Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (MDC and PDC) in newly diagnosed patients with MM in correlation with various biological markers.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with newly diagnosed MM were included in the study. All the laboratory parameters were obtained at the time of diagnosis. Three colour flow cytometry with ILT3/lin/CD11c was used for the detection of the two peripheral blood dendritic cell (PBDC) subsets. The plasma level of IL6 was detected by ELISA (Standard Curve Range: 2-200pg/ml); the beta-2-MG- by the immunoturbidimetric test.Results: The median age of patients was 61.5 years (36-89). The mean M-protein concentration was 46.5±16.2 g/l. IgG kappa was detected in 15 patients, IgG lambda-in 4, IgA kappa-in 7, IgA lambda-in 3. The mean level of beta-2-MG was 7.0±5.7mg/l (1.82-22.49 mg/l ); beta-2-MG was used to determine the stage according to the ISS. The mean level of IL6 was 27.73±21.47pg/ml (4.6-72.5 pg/ml). The percentage of MDC and PDC was significantly lower in the periferal blood of patients with MM in comparison to healthy subjects (0.08%±0.09% vs 0.21%±0.02% and 0.04%±0.03% vs 0.16%±0.01%, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the percentage of MDC and PDC in the different stages. There was a negative correlation between MDC and PDC and the levels of beta-2-MG (p=0.02 and p=0.02), as well as between MDC and the IL6 levels (p=0.04). No correlation was found between MDC, PDC, levels of M-protein and the type of paraprotein.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the relationship between peripheral blood DC, IL6 and beta-2-MG and confirm the published data for the inhibitory effect of the two factors on DC differentiation and maturation in vitro. The monitoring of beta-2-MG and IL6 may have clinical implication as a predictor of the immune system status as well as for the yield of harvested DCs for vaccination

Cell adhesion molecules in pleural effusions with different etiology

The pleura, including the mesothelial and underlying mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrix, is often involved in pathological processes of not completely defined mechanisms. Pleural cells are specialized in performing barrier and secretory functions and require careful study to gather a meaningful clinical information.Biomedical Reviews 1996; 6: 121-123