Multiage Education and Student Perceptions

This thesis was designed to explore my growing curiosity about students\u27 perceptions of their reading development within my multiage classroom. I looked at multilevel reader\u27 s theater groups to explore perceptions of reading development in multiage classrooms. This multiage grouping occurred twice a week for five weeks. In order to answer this research question, I used interviews and observations. Some students were videotaped and others were in a group that I observed. My analysis led to themes and patterns pertaining to help; specifically, the types of help, the ways in which older and younger students offer help, and how students construct standards and norms for helping. I found that students in my particular multiage classroom have positive perceptions of their reading development regardless of reading ability or traditional grade level

Social distance and diversity

The authors created a survey using the Bogardus Social Distance scale to answer the following: What are the tolerance levels of college students from a predominately white society towards people of different ethnicities, races, religions, and sexual orientation? and What factors can influence the tolerance levels?College Honors

Links Between Eruptive Styles, Magmatic Evolution, and Morphology of Shield Volcanoes: Snake River Plain, Idaho

Despite their similar ages and geographic locations, two low-shield volcanoes on the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, Kimama Butte (87 ka) and Rocky Butte (95 ka), have strikingly different profiles. In this study, these two volcanoes are examined to determine the connections between chemical composition, intensive parameters, eruption style, and topographic features of basaltic shield volcanoes. Because lava temperature, magma viscosity, and chemical composition overlap at the two volcanoes, they are probably not important controls on the differences in morphology. The main difference at the two shields, aside from general vent morphology, is the presence of late-stage, phenocryst-rich, high viscosity lavas that form high spatter ramparts at Kimama Butte but not at Rocky Butte. We conclude that phenocryst abundance, magma viscosity, and eruption style play the most important role in developing a shield volcano summit. Where eruptions shifted from lava lake overflow and tube development to late fountaining with short, viscous, spatter-fed, phenocryst-rich flows, a steeper, higher shield developed. The result can be used to better understand the eruptive processes of shield volcanoes on the Moon, Mars, and Venus that can only be studied morphologically

Multiage Education: An Exploration of Advantages and Disadvantages through a Systematic Review of the Literature

This systematic quantitative literature review explores existent empirical studies with an interest in multiage education in small school settings, with a specific focus on curriculum and pedagogy. Database searches were methodically conducted across six data bases. The inclusion criteria specified the need for empirical research, and publication dates ranged from 1997 to 2017. The article begins by setting the scene for the systematic review, exploring historical and international practices related to multiage complexities and terminology. Curriculum and pedagogical practices are explored to identify key advantages and disadvantages associated with a multiage approach in small school contexts

Multiage education: an exploration of advantages and disadvantages through a systematic review of the literature

This systematic quantitative literature review explores existent empirical studies with an interest in multiage education in small school settings, with a specific focus on curriculum and pedagogy. Database searches were methodically conducted across six data bases. The inclusion criteria specified the need for empirical research, and publication dates ranged from 1997 to 2017. The article begins by setting the scene for the systematic review, exploring historical and international practices related to multiage complexities and terminology. Curriculum and pedagogical practices are explored to identify key advantages and disadvantages associated with a multiage approach in small school contexts

Inducible RNA interference in Aspergillus nidulans

Scope and Method of Study:A unique RNAi construct was tested with the developmental gene, brlAB, in the fungal genetic model, Aspergillus nidulans. The construct contains inverted repeats of the inducible alcohol dehydrogenase (alcA) promoter surrounding a unique BamHI restriction enzyme site containing any gene of interest. The RNAi construct was utilized to generate a genome-wide RNAi library. The RNAi library was used here to screen for fludioxonil resistance. There is evidence that fludioxonil, a commonly used fungicide, activates an osmotic stress-signaling pathway. When it is aberrantly activated, the cells swell beyond capacity, leak their contents, and die. Ambruticin is an antifungal that could potentially be used in humans and animals to treat fungal infections, and it is also thought to aberrantly activate the osmotic stress-signaling pathway. The RNAi library strains resistant to fludioxonil were tested against ambruticin VS3 and sensitivity to osmotic stress. The silenced insert from selected strains was rescued from the genome by PCR of the integrated RNAi construct and sequenced to identify the silenced gene. Those genes that were identified more than one time were further analyzed in silico, and selected genes were chosen to independently confirm resistance conferred by silencing.Findings and Conclusions:The RNAi construct was found to integrate into the genome of the fungus and cause locus specific silencing of brlAB in Aspergillus nidulans. The RNAi strains had inducible brlA phenotypes, and downregulation of brlA was confirmed by Northern blotting and Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase PCR. The downregulation of brlA was found to be induced by RNAi with anti-sense Northern blots and siRNA Northern blots, and the silencing was specific for brlAB, not brlAa, a downstream alternate transcript of the brlA locus.Thirty-six genes were found more than one time to cause resistance to fludioxonil and ambruticin when silenced. Twenty-four of these had annotations, while twelve were hypothetical. Twenty-one out of the twenty-four annotated genes contain transmembrane domains, indicating that fludioxonil and ambruticin alter the plasma membrane in order to aberrantly activate the osmotic stress-signaling pathway. It also suggests there are multiple ways the drugs act upon the cell, rather that having a single target

Shaping Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Managing Uncertainty and Equivocality in the Entrepreneurial Process.

This dissertation develops and tests a theory of how technology entrepreneurs shape their business opportunity and the organizing practices that facilitate that process. I suggest that entrepreneurial opportunities are not predetermined phenomena discovered by vigilant individuals but rather are emergent, created by founders as they manage the uncertainties of the entrepreneurial process. Study 1 is a case-based analysis of technology ventures. The findings suggest that opportunities emerge through a change process as founders shape their ventures to match their evolving knowledge and changing environmental realities. As founders learn from experience, receive feedback and advice and respond to unexpected events the opportunity takes form through a series of changes. However, because change can be disruptive and time-consuming, the process can be costly to the venture. I then develop a theoretical framework of organizational practices that facilitate the shaping process by reducing the disruptive effects of change. I suggest that because the shaping process occurs in a dynamic and uncertain context, ventures that develop vigilant awareness of changing conditions, through performance monitoring and environmental scanning, are more able to recognize the need for change before problems escalate. In addition, ventures that systematically learn from their experience can rapidly reduce equivocality and build knowledge. As a result, change efforts tend to be smaller, more incremental and based on more accurate information and result in less disruption. I test my hypotheses in Study 2 using a survey of technology entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that performance monitoring reduces overall change experienced by ventures and environmental scanning is associated with better perceived performance. Experiential learning strategies reduce the disruptiveness of change efforts and are associated better perceived performance. Mediation tests suggest that experiential learning strategies reduce disruption and improve performance in part because they improve certainty about the venture’s internal and external environment. This dissertation contributes to the entrepreneurship and innovation literatures by providing a window into micro-level processes through which new opportunities are created, managed and shaped. Furthermore, by addressing the real-time organizing practices that allow entrepreneurs to manage their emerging opportunity, this research also contributes to literatures on managing uncertainty and unexpected events.Ph.D.Business AdministrationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78946/1/mibarton_1.pd

Group A Streptococcal Septic Hip Arthritis in a Child With Spastic Triplegic Cerebral Palsy

Reports of septic hip arthritis in children with cerebral palsy are exceedingly rare. This case report describes a 10-year-old boy with spastic triplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Functional Classification System), who presented with fever and irritability. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing septic joint arthritis in patients with cerebral palsy who are nonverbal and have limited mobility. A high index of suspicion is necessary in this population when presented with fever and new limitations in mobility