117 research outputs found
Types of governance in education: a quantitative analysis
This study creates a typology of education systems. It uses empirical analysis to deter-mine six types of education governance on the basis of various factors such as the de-gree of state involvement or funding sources, and structural differences of average time spent on homework or the degree of support for low achievers. It reveals differences in output among these types as measured by student performance, and relative equality of performance. The typology reflects similarities in governance of education among groups of countries, and indicates that common geography and history may be more of a linking factor than expected in a globalized world. --
Types of governance in education : a quantitative analysis
This study creates a typology of education systems. It uses empirical analysis to determine six types of education governance on the basis of various factors such as the degree of state involvement or funding sources, and structural differences of average time spent on homework or the degree of support for low achievers. It reveals differences in output among these âtypesâ as measured by student performance, and relative equality of performance. The typology reflects similarities in governance of education among groups of countries, and indicates that common geography and history may be more of a linking factor than expected in a globalized world
Types of governance in education: a quantitative analysis
"This study creates a typology of education systems. It uses empirical analysis to deter-mine six types of education governance on the basis of various factors such as the degree of state involvement or funding sources, and structural differences of average time spent on homework or the degree of support for low achievers. It reveals differences in output among these 'types' as measured by student performance, and relative equality of performance. The typology reflects similarities in governance of education among groups of countries, and indicates that common geography and history may be more of a linking factor than expected in a globalized world." (author's abstract
Increased prevalence of colorectal adenomas in women with breast cancer
Background: The frequency of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas was investigated in a large cohort of women with breast cancer in comparison with matched controls, since data on the occurrence of second tumors in women with breast cancer is controversial. Design: In a cohort study, 188 consecutive women (median age 57 years) with primary breast cancer and 376 age-matched women who served as controls were examined by total colonoscopy. Breast cancer patients and controls were compared for the frequency of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Results: Women with breast cancer showed a higher risk of colorectal adenomas than controls (14.9 vs. 9.3%, p = 0.047, OR 1.7, 95% Cl 1.0-2.9). This increased prevalence resulted primarily from an increased prevalence in the age group 65-85 (31 vs. 10%, p = 0.004, OR 3.8, 95% Cl 1.6-9.3). Colorectal carcinomas were found infrequently in both groups (2 in each group). Women with breast cancer receiving anti-estrogen therapy showed a trend towards a lower risk of adenomas compared to women without anti-estrogen therapy (3.7 vs. 17.2%, p = 0.053, OR 0.16, 95% Cl 0.0-1.1). Conclusions: Women with breast cancer above the age of 65 years have an increased risk of colorectal adenomas compared to women without breast cancer. Women with a diagnosis of breast cancer should especially be encouraged to participate in colorectal cancer-screening programs which, in most countries, call for screening of all average-risk individuals over the age of 50 years
Vortex core switching by coherent excitation with single in-plane magnetic field pulses
The bistability of the core magnetization of nano-scaled magnets with a
magnetic vortex configuration has great potential for data storage
applications. To exploit this, reliable switching between the two possible
states is needed. Time resolved x-ray microscopy was used to study the response
of the vortex core to excitation pulses at sub-ns timescales and image the
vortex core switching. A reliable switching process by coherent excitation with
leading and trailing edges of in-plane magnetic field pulses was found and
compared with micromagnetic simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Polarisation selective magnetic vortex dynamics and core reversal in rotating magnetic fields
A magnetic vortex occurs as an equilibrium configuration in thin
ferromagnetic platelets of micron and sub-micron size and is characterised by
an in-plane curling magnetisation. At the centre, a magnetic singularity is
avoided by an out-of-plane magnetisation core. This core has a gyrotropic
excitation mode, which corresponds to a circular motion of the vortex around
its equilibrium position, where the rotation sense is determined by the
direction of the vortex core magnetisation, its polarisation. Unlike linear
fields or spin polarised currents, which excite both polarisation states, an
in-plane rotating field can selectively excite one of the polarisation states.
Here we report the observation of vortex dynamics in response to rotating
magnetic fields, imaged with time-resolved scanning X-ray microscopy. We
demonstrate that the rotating field only excites the gyrotropic mode if the
rotation sense of the field coincides with the vortex gyration sense and that
such a field can selectively reverse the vortex polarisation
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Ultimate attainment in the use of collocations among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany and TurkishâGerman returnees
In this paper we show that heritage speakers and returnees are fundamentally different from the majority of adult second language learners with respect to their use of collocations (Laufer & Waldman, 2011). We compare the use of lexical collocations involving yap- âdoâ and et- âdoâ among heritage speakers of Turkish in Germany (n = 45) with those found among Turkish returnees (n = 65) and Turkish monolinguals (n = 69). Language use by returnees is an understudied resource although this group can provide crucial insights into the specific language ability of heritage speakers. Results show that returnees who had been back for one year avoid collocations with yap- and use some hypercorrect forms in et-, whilst returnees who had been back for seven years at the time of recording produce collocations that are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of monolingual speakers of Turkish. We discuss implications for theories of ultimate attainment and incomplete acquisition in heritage speakers
Seasonal melting and the formation of sedimentary rocks on Mars, with predictions for the Gale Crater mound
A model for the formation and distribution of sedimentary rocks on Mars is
proposed. The rate-limiting step is supply of liquid water from seasonal
melting of snow or ice. The model is run for a O(10^2) mbar pure CO2
atmosphere, dusty snow, and solar luminosity reduced by 23%. For these
conditions snow only melts near the equator, and only when obliquity >40
degrees, eccentricity >0.12, and perihelion occurs near equinox. These
requirements for melting are satisfied by 0.01-20% of the probability
distribution of Mars' past spin-orbit parameters. Total melt production is
sufficient to account for aqueous alteration of the sedimentary rocks. The
pattern of seasonal snowmelt is integrated over all spin-orbit parameters and
compared to the observed distribution of sedimentary rocks. The global
distribution of snowmelt has maxima in Valles Marineris, Meridiani Planum and
Gale Crater. These correspond to maxima in the sedimentary-rock distribution.
Higher pressures and especially higher temperatures lead to melting over a
broader range of spin-orbit parameters. The pattern of sedimentary rocks on
Mars is most consistent with a Mars paleoclimate that only rarely produced
enough meltwater to precipitate aqueous cements and indurate sediment. The
results suggest intermittency of snowmelt and long globally-dry intervals,
unfavorable for past life on Mars. This model makes testable predictions for
the Mars Science Laboratory rover at Gale Crater. Gale Crater is predicted to
be a hemispheric maximum for snowmelt on Mars.Comment: Submitted to Icarus. Minor changes from submitted versio
Professional development in teaching and learning for early career academic geographers: Contexts, practices and tensions
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Geography in Higher Education on 16th May 2011, available online: doi: 10.1080/03098265.2011.563380This paper provides a review of the practices and tensions informing approaches to professional development for early career academic geographers who are teaching in higher education. We offer examples from Britain, Canada, Nigeria and the USA. The tensions include: institutional and departmental cultures; models that offer generic and discipline-specific approaches; the credibility of alternative settings for professional development in teaching and learning; the valuing of professional development and of teaching in academic systems of reward and recognition; and the challenges of balancing professional and personal life. We summarize concepts of good practice and suggest opportunities for future research
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