1,448 research outputs found
Quantum walks on two kinds of two-dimensional models
In this paper, we numerically study quantum walks on two kinds of
two-dimensional graphs: cylindrical strip and Mobius strip. The two kinds of
graphs are typical two-dimensional topological graph. We study the crossing
property of quantum walks on these two models. Also, we study its dependence on
the initial state, size of the model. At the same time, we compare the quantum
walk and classical walk on these two models to discuss the difference of
quantum walk and classical walk
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TMEM16B regulates anxiety-related behavior and GABAergic neuronal signaling in the central lateral amygdala.
TMEM16B (ANO2) is the Ca2+-activated chloride channel expressed in multiple brain regions, including the amygdala. Here we report that Ano2 knockout mice exhibit impaired anxiety-related behaviors and context-independent fear memory, thus implicating TMEM16B in anxiety modulation. We found that TMEM16B is expressed in somatostatin-positive (SOM+) GABAergic neurons of the central lateral amygdala (CeL), and its activity modulates action potential duration and inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC). We further provide evidence for TMEM16B actions not only in the soma but also in the presynaptic nerve terminals of GABAergic neurons. Our study reveals an intriguing role for TMEM16B in context-independent but not context-dependent fear memory, and supports the notion that dysfunction of the amygdala contributes to anxiety-related behaviors
RNase P Ribozymes Inhibit the Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus by Targeting Essential Viral Capsid Proteins.
An engineered RNase P-based ribozyme variant, which was generated using the in vitro selection procedure, was used to target the overlapping mRNA region of two proteins essential for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication: capsid assembly protein (AP) and protease (PR). In vitro studies showed that the generated variant, V718-A, cleaved the target AP mRNA sequence efficiently and its activity was about 60-fold higher than that of wild type ribozyme M1-A. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of 98%-99% in AP/PR expression and an inhibition of 50,000 fold in viral growth in cells with V718-A, while a 75% reduction in AP/PR expression and a 500-fold inhibition in viral growth was found in cells with M1-A. Examination of the antiviral effects of the generated ribozyme on the HCMV replication cycle suggested that viral DNA encapsidation was inhibited and as a consequence, viral capsid assembly was blocked when the expression of AP and PR was inhibited by the ribozyme. Thus, our study indicates that the generated ribozyme variant is highly effective in inhibiting HCMV gene expression and blocking viral replication, and suggests that engineered RNase P ribozyme can be potentially developed as a promising gene-targeting agent for anti-HCMV therapy
Unidirectional anisotropy in cubic FeGe with antisymmetric spin-spin-coupling
We report strong unidirectional anisotropy in bulk polycrystalline B20 FeGe
measured by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bulk and micron-sized samples
were produced and analytically characterized. FeGe is a B20 compound with
inherent Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Lorenz microscopy confirms a
skyrmion lattice at in a magnetic field of 150 mT.
Ferromagnetic resonance was measured at ,
near the Curie temperature. Two resonance modes were observed, both exhibit a
unidirectional anisotropy of in
the primary, and in the secondary
mode, previously unknown in bulk ferromagnets. Additionally, about 25 standing
spin wave modes are observed inside a micron-sized FeGe wedge, measured at room
temperature ( K). These modes also exhibit unidirectional
anisotropy
Convex Hull-Based Multi-objective Genetic Programming for Maximizing ROC Performance
ROC is usually used to analyze the performance of classifiers in data mining.
ROC convex hull (ROCCH) is the least convex major-ant (LCM) of the empirical
ROC curve, and covers potential optima for the given set of classifiers.
Generally, ROC performance maximization could be considered to maximize the
ROCCH, which also means to maximize the true positive rate (tpr) and minimize
the false positive rate (fpr) for each classifier in the ROC space. However,
tpr and fpr are conflicting with each other in the ROCCH optimization process.
Though ROCCH maximization problem seems like a multi-objective optimization
problem (MOP), the special characters make it different from traditional MOP.
In this work, we will discuss the difference between them and propose convex
hull-based multi-objective genetic programming (CH-MOGP) to solve ROCCH
maximization problems. Convex hull-based sort is an indicator based selection
scheme that aims to maximize the area under convex hull, which serves as a
unary indicator for the performance of a set of points. A selection procedure
is described that can be efficiently implemented and follows similar design
principles than classical hyper-volume based optimization algorithms. It is
hypothesized that by using a tailored indicator-based selection scheme CH-MOGP
gets more efficient for ROC convex hull approximation than algorithms which
compute all Pareto optimal points. To test our hypothesis we compare the new
CH-MOGP to MOGP with classical selection schemes, including NSGA-II, MOEA/D)
and SMS-EMOA. Meanwhile, CH-MOGP is also compared with traditional machine
learning algorithms such as C4.5, Naive Bayes and Prie. Experimental results
based on 22 well-known UCI data sets show that CH-MOGP outperforms
significantly traditional EMOAs
Bridging the Preference Gap between Retrievers and LLMs
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior results across a wide
range of tasks, and Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective way to
enhance the performance by locating relevant information and placing it into
the context window of the LLM. However, the relationship between retrievers and
LLMs in a RAG is still under-investigated. Most existing work treats the
retriever and the LLM as independent components and leaves a gap between
retrieving human-"friendly" information and assembling a LLM-"friendly"
context. In this work, we examine a novel bridge mechanism. We validate the
ranking and selection assumptions of retrievers in the context of RAG and
propose a framework that chains together supervised and reinforcement learning
to train a bridge model that optimizes the connection between the retriever and
the LLM. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in both
question-answering and personalized generation tasks
Lepton-flavored electroweak baryogenesis
We explore lepton-flavored electroweak baryogenesis, driven by CP-violation in leptonic Yukawa sector, using the τ−μ system in the two Higgs doublet model as an example. This setup generically yields, together with the flavor-changing decay h→τμ, a tree-level Jarlskog invariant that can drive dynamical generation of baryon asymmetry during a first-order electroweak phase transition and results in CP-violating effects in the decay h→ττ. We find that the observed baryon asymmetry can be generated in parameter space compatible with current experimental results for the decays h→τμ, h→ττ, and τ→μγ, as well as the present bound on the electric dipole moment of the electron. The baryon asymmetry generated is intrinsically correlated with the CP-violating decay h→ττ and the flavor-changing decay h→τμ, which thus may serve as “smoking guns” to test lepton-flavored electroweak baryogenesis
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