549 research outputs found
Experimental calibration of hornblende as a proposed emprical geobarometer
The recent Eos report by Anderson [1987] reviewed prospects for using dated granitoid plutons as crustal nails in the reconstruction of descent or ascent of deformed crust during orogenic processes, if suitable geobarometers could be established. Hammarstrom and Zen [1986] and Hollister et al [1987] have proposed an empirical geobarometer for calcalkaline plutonic rocks of tonalite and granodiorite composition based on the total Al content (Air) of calcic hornblendes. This proposition has generated considerable interest
Medullary thyroid cancer in a 9-week-old infant with familial MEN 2B: Implications for timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy
BACKGROUND: Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) are at high risk of developing aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in childhood, with the highest risk in those with MEN type 2B (of whom >95% have an M918T RET proto-oncogene mutation). Metastatic MTC has been reported as young as 3 months of age. Current guidelines recommend prophylactic thyroidectomy within the first year of life for MEN 2B. PATIENT FINDINGS: We report a 9-week-old infant with MTC due to familial MEN 2B. A full-term male infant, born to a mother with known MEN 2B and metastatic MTC, had an M918T RET proto-oncogene mutation confirmed at 4 weeks of age. He underwent prophylactic total thyroidectomy at 9 weeks of age. Pathology showed a focal calcitonin-positive nodule (2.5 mm), consistent with microscopic MTC. SUMMARY: This case highlights the importance of early prophylactic thyroidectomy in MEN 2B. Although current guidelines recommend surgery up to a year of life, MTC may occur in the first few weeks of life, raising the question of how early we should intervene. In this report, we discuss the risks, benefits and barriers to performing earlier thyroidectomy, soon after the first month of life, and make suggestions to facilitate timely intervention. Prenatal anticipatory surgical scheduling could be considered in familial MEN 2B. Multidisciplinary collaboration between adult and pediatric specialists is key to the optimal management of the infant at risk
CO2 laser supraglottic resurfacing for non-granulomatous chronic supraglottitis in two children
Chronic epiglottitis and supraglottitis are clinical entities that present with respiratory distress and are primarily associated with autoimmune disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or angioedema. First described in adults with sarcoidosis in 2010, CO2 laser epiglottis resurfacing has been effective in reducing epiglottic edema. We present two cases of adolescent males with non-granulomatous chronic supraglottitis who were successfully treated with CO2 laser supraglottic resurfacing.Peer reviewe
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Why does early childhood deprivation increase the risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood? A developmental cascade model
Abstract Background: Using data from the English & Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study we recently reported that early time-lmited exposure to severe institutional deprivation is
associated with early onset and persistent neurodevelopmental problems and later
onset emotional problems. Here we examine possible reasons for the late
emergence of emotional problems in this cohort. Our main focus is on testing a
developmental cascade mediated via the functional impact of early-appearing
neurodevelopmental problems on late adolescent functioning. We also explore a
second putative pathway via sensitization to stress. Methods: The ERA study includes 165 Romanian individuals who spent their early lives in grossly depriving institutions and were subsequently adopted into UK
families, along with 52 UK adoptees with no history of deprivation. Age six years
symptoms of neurodevelopmental problems and age 15 anxiety/depression
symptoms were assessed via parental reports. Young adult symptoms of depression
and anxiety were assessed by both parent and self-reports; young adults also
completed measures of stress reactivity , exposure to adverse life events and
functioning in work and interpersonal relationships. Results: The path between early institutional deprivation and adult emotional problems was mediated via the impact of early neurodevelopmental problems on
unemployment and poor friendship functioning during the transition to adulthood.
The findings with regard to early deprivation, later life stress reactivity and emotional
problems were inconclusive.
Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the risk for adult depression and anxiety following extreme institutional deprivation is explained through the effects of early neurodevelopmental problems on later social and vocational functioning. Future research should more fully examine the role of stress susceptibility in this model
#Bopo: The Effect of Body Positive Social Media Content on Women’s Mood and Self-compassion
Body positivity is a trending movement that promotes appreciation of one’s body, including acceptance of one’s appearance and perceived flaws. In two experiments, we compared the effects of body-positive social media content relative to idealized body content and neutral control content on young women’s psychological states. In study 1, participants were randomly assigned to view Instagram posts involving fitspiration photos, body positive photos, body positive quotes, or travel landscape photos. In study 2, participants were randomly assigned to view Instagram posts involving selfies of the same individuals’ faces with or without makeup. As predicted, viewing body positive content (body positive photos, quotes, and no-makeup selfies) resulted in better mood and self-perceptions than viewing idealized body content (fitspiration photos and selfies with makeup), especially among participants with higher disordered eating symptoms and/or low trait self-compassion, and these effects were mediated by a reduction in self-criticism. Expanding on previous research demonstrating the detrimental effects of exposure to fitspiration and other idealized images on social media, these results also provide empirical support for the benefits of exposure to content promoting body acceptance
Upper Mantle Oxygen Fugacity and Its Relationship to Metasomatism
We have calculated fO_2's and temperatures of various mantle environments worldwide using published
analyses of coexisting olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and Fe^(3+)-bearing spinel from 280 peridotites. Most calculated fO_2's fall within ± 2 log units of the Fayalite-Magnetite-Quartz (FMQ) buffer at 15 kbar. Our data set defines a general trend in fO_2-T space that is not related to FMQ or to other Fe-bearing buffers.
Variations in major-element, trace-element, and oxygen isotopic composition of xenoliths correlate with
variations in calculated fO_2. Rare "fertile" xenoliths record fO_2's close to WM (WĂĽstite-Magnetite) buffer
at 15 kbar and 900°C. Xenoliths with both cryptic and/or modal metasomatic overprinting are generally
oxidized relative to xenoliths without evidence of such open system processing. Based on trace element and
oxygen isotopic data, the best candidate for the metasomatic agent is a CO_2-H_2O-rich fluid. We suggest that
metasomatic fluids are derived from oxidized, hydrated material subducted at convergent margins and that
this process may have led to progressive oxidation of the earth's upper mantle through much of geologic
time. This is consistent with the observation that xenoliths from Hawaii and Tahiti record fO_2's higher than
mantle array's average, as do some xenoliths from the circumpacific region
Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life
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