731 research outputs found
Comparison of quasi-spherical surfaces : application to corneal biometry
In this study, the authors present two new techniques with their own particular advantages dedicated to the
authentication of a person based on the three-dimensional geometry of the cornea. A device known as corneal
topographer is used for capturing the shape of each cornea. Until now only a few studies on corneal biometry have
been conducted and they were limited only to the anterior surface. In this study, since the whole cornea is a tissue
layered by two (anterior and posterior) surfaces, the authors propose to use both surfaces to characterise the corneal
shape. The first proposed method consists of comparing coefficients from a spherical harmonics decomposition, and
this allows to do a fast comparison that can be used to perform many-to-one comparisons. The second approach is
based on the minimal residual volume between two corneas after a registration step, this geometry-based method is
more accurate but slower, and is thus used to perform one-to-one comparisons. A cascade fusion scheme is also
proposed to benefit from the advantages of both methods. The authorsâ study demonstrates that corneal shape could
be used for biometry. The two proposed methods have been tested and validated on a dataset of 257 corneas
Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems from Non-Einsteinian, Plasma-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Nanofluids
The viscosity of oxygen-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (O-MWCNT)
nanofluids was measured for concentrations from 0.1 to 10 ppm under conditions
of 0 to 30 MPag pressures and 0 to 10 C temperatures. The presence of O-MWCNTs
did not affect the temperature dependence of viscosity but did reduce the
effective viscosity of solution due to cumulative hydrogen bond-disrupting
surface effects, which overcame internal drag forces. O-MWCNTs added a weak
pressure dependence to the viscosity of solution because of their ability to
align more with the flow direction as pressure increased. In the liquid to
hydrate phase transition, the times to reach the maximum viscosity were faster
in O-MWCNT systems compared to the pure water baseline. However, the presence
of O-MWCNTs limited the conditions at which hydrates formed as increased
nanoparticle collisions in those systems inhibited the formation of critical
clusters of hydrate nuclei. The times to viscosity values most relevant to
technological applications were minimally 28.02 % (200 mPa s) and 21.08 % (500
mPa s) slower than the baseline, both in the 1 ppm system, even though all
systems were faster to the final viscosity. This was attributed to O-MWCNT
entanglement, which resulted in a hydrate slurry occurring at lower viscosity
values
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