Foamed glass-ceramic materials based on oil shale by-products

The feasibility and features of the production of foamed glass-ceramic materials based on oil shale ash were investigated. The optimal regime of synthesis found involved the following steps: glass fusion at 1400 °C, preparation of the glass powders and blending with the foaming agent. The foaming was carried out at 900 to 920 °C with a further one-stage crystallization at 790 to 820 °C. It was noted that the admixture of calcium carbonate, as a foaming agent, changed the phase composition of the resulting glass-ceramics by an increased rate of the crystallization process and the intensive formation of gehlenite simultaneously with diopside

Распознавание наземных объектов на радиолокационном изображении с применением сверточной нейронной сети

In this paper, methods of recognizing ground objects on a radar image obtained using a synthesized aperture radar are considered. The results of modeling the recognition of ground objects using a convolutional neural network are presented. The comparison of the dependence of the recognition time on the number of ground objects on the radar for neural network and correlation methods is given. Weber V. I., Kuprits V. Y., Mescheryakov A. A., Kuprits M. V. Recognition of ground objects on a radar image using convolutional neural network. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2022;6(1):93–101. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2022.6.1.005. Рассматриваются методы распознавания наземных объектов на радиолокационном изображении, полученном с помощью радиолокатора с синтезированной апертурой. Приводятся результаты моделирования распознавания наземных объектов с применением сверточной нейронной сети. Приведено сравнение зависимости времени распознавания от количества наземных объектов на РЛИ для нейросетевого и корреляционного методов.  Вебер В. И., Куприц В. Ю., Мещеряков А. А., Куприц М. В. Распознавание наземных объектов на радиолокационном изображении с применением сверточной нейронной сети. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2022;6(1):93–101. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2022.6.1.005.

Модели сигналов импульсной РЛС, принимаемых однопозиционной станцией радиотехнической разведки на наземных трассах

Излагаются основы однопозиционного пассивного метода определения координат источника радиоизлучения путем использования множества отражений излученных сигналов от естественных и искусственных образований на трассе распространения радиоволн. Алгоритм основан на сравнении координат возможных отражателей, нанесенных на карту местности, с координатами, вычисленными по измеренным пеленгам источников отражений и задержек отраженных сигналов относительно прямого. Приводятся данные радиофизического эксперимента по изучению отражений, выполненного в трехсантиметровом диапазоне волн, позволяющие оценить пригодность принимаемых сигналов для реализации метода. Принимаемые сигналы представлены в виде простейших математических моделей. Показано, что их статистический характер не препятствует реализации метода

The Commonwealth of the Independent States as an Organization of Missed Opportunities: the Russian Leadership's Errors in the 1990s

Following the collapse of the USSR, the post-Soviet states applied their foreign policy and solved economic and military problems in cooperation with one another. They established the Commonwealth of the Independent States and the other integration associations, both within and beyond the CIS. This article deals with the problems of integration of the post-Soviet states. It discovers the main reasons why the CIS failed to grow in a very integration union. The authors believe that the main cause was a short-foresighted policy of the Russian leadership under the presidency of Boris Yeltsi

The Commonwealth of Independent States as a Way to a «Civilized Divorce»

The article describes the events, which took place in the USSR in its last years. It discovers the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It explains why the CIS did not grow in a new Union state and did become nothing more than a mechanism for a “civilized divorce” of the former Soviet republics

Vertical Structure of the Outer Accretion Disk in Persistent Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries

We have investigated the influence of X-ray irradiation on the vertical structure of the outer accretion disk in low-mass X-ray binaries by performing a self-consistent calculation of the vertical structure and X-ray radiation transfer in the disk. Penetrating deep into the disk, the field of scattered X-ray photons with energy $E\gtrsim10$\,keV exerts a significant influence on the vertical structure of the accretion disk at a distance $R\gtrsim10^{10}$\,cm from the neutron star. At a distance $R\sim10^{11}$\,cm, where the total surface density in the disk reaches $\Sigma_0\sim20$\,g\,cm$^{-2}$, X-ray heating affects all layers of an optically thick disk. The X-ray heating effect is enhanced significantly in the presence of an extended atmospheric layer with a temperature $T_{atm}\sim(2\div3)\times10^6$\,K above the accretion disk. We have derived simple analytic formulas for the disk heating by scattered X-ray photons using an approximate solution of the transfer equation by the Sobolev method. This approximation has a $\gtrsim10$\,% accuracy in the range of X-ray photon energies $E<20$\,keV.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, published in Astronomy Letter

Additional spectroscopic redshift measurements for galaxy clusters from the First Planck Catalogue

We present the results of spectroscopic redshift measurements for the galaxy clusters from the first all-sky Planck catalogue of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources, that have been mostly identified by means of the optical observations performed previously by our team (Planck Collaboration, 2015a). The data on 13 galaxy clusters at redshifts from z=~0.2 to z=~0.8, including the improved identification and redshift measurement for the cluster PSZ1 G141.73+14.22 at z=0.828, are provided. The measurements were done using the data from Russian-Turkish 1.5-m telescope (RTT-150), 2.2-m Calar Alto Observatory telescope, and 6-m SAO RAS telescope (Bolshoy Teleskop Azimutalnyi, BTA).Comment: published in Astronomy Letter