Evaluación de propuestas innovadoras que integran la orientación hacia el emprendimiento en la formación universitaria: diagnóstico de la cultura emprendedora desde una perspectiva de género

Este estudio se enmarca en un proyecto de innovación educativa financiado y desarrollado en la Universidad de Málaga, cuyo objetivo general es desarrollar metodologías innovadoras para la integración de una perspectiva orientadora hacia el emprendimiento y el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en la formación universitaria. Concretamente esta ponencia se centra en: a) identificar desde la propia percepción del alumnado, el grado en que metodologías como el plan de gestión de carrera y el aprendizaje-servicio estimulan la cultura emprendedora en la formación universitaria. Así como también, b) conocer si existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto a conciencia y visión de la cultura emprendedora en la actual formación universitaria. La metodología seguida es de carácter cuantitativo, basada en la recogida de información a través del diseño de un cuestionario estructurado construido al efecto. El método de investigación es un estudio descriptivo tipo encuesta o survey. Participan en la muestra un total de 149 estudiantes de las titulaciones de Pedagogía y Psicopedagogía, pudiendo observar resultados positivos en cuanto al impacto de estas metodologías innovadoras y una visión sobre la cultura emprendedora similar en mujeres y hombres

“Zombie attack” a new way to teach Chemistry

The Higher Education requires new models which allow training people able to adapt and survive in changing environments. It is based on the use of technologies and the adaptation of knowledge to people. It is about an education according to circumstances, which is adapted to context and virtual behaviour of people. One of the main difficulties that lecturers find in the classroom is how to maintain students' attention and interest in their subject, especially when students also think that the subject is not important for their training. In order to motivate these students, innovation in educational techniques and methodologies, such as experiential learning, are progressively being imposed to and/or coordinated with the traditional ones. Escape Room is a very modern concept in education, based on the development of mental skills for the solution of enigmas and problems. It is a tool to develop the cooperative, cognitive, deductive and logical reasoning skills of the students. In this work, an educational gamification experience based on the escape room concept is presented. The students have 1 hour and 30 minutes to carry out this activity. They will have to solve four puzzles and enigmas that will give them the key to open a treasure chest and finally let them escape from the classroom. Logic, ingenuity and teamwork will allow participants to develop not only chemical competence, but also other basic skills. The story that is told throughout the escape room is a zombie attack: the city has been infected (with a virus) and only the occupants of the room where the activity takes place have not been infected. In addition, they can all protect themselves if they are able to open the chest where the antidote is located. The aim of this activity is to enhance the knowledge acquired throughout the semester as well as the development of skills.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

GABAergic neurotransmission and new strategies of neuromodulation to compensate synaptic dysfunction in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline, brain atrophy due to neuronal and synapse loss, and formation of two pathological lesions: extracellular amyloid plaques, composed largely of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Lesions mainly accumulate in brain regions that modulate cognitive functions such as the hippocampus, septum or amygdala. These brain structures have dense reciprocal glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic connections and their relationships directly affect learning and memory processes, so they have been proposed as highly susceptible regions to suffer damage by Aβ during AD course. Last findings support the emerging concept that soluble Aβ peptides, inducing an initial stage of synaptic dysfunction which probably starts 20–30 years before the clinical onset of AD, can perturb the excitatory–inhibitory balance of neural circuitries. In turn, neurotransmission imbalance will result in altered network activity that might be responsible of cognitive deficits in AD. Therefore, Aβ interactions on neurotransmission systems in memory-related brain regions such as amygdaloid complex, medial septum or hippocampus are critical in cognitive functions and appear as a pivotal target for drug design to improve learning and dysfunctions that manifest with age. Since treatments based on glutamatergic and cholinergic pharmacology in AD have shown limited success, therapies combining modulators of different neurotransmission systems including recent findings regarding the GABAergic system, emerge as a more useful tool for the treatment, and overall prevention, of this dementia. In this review, focused on inhibitory systems, we will analyze pharmacological strategies to compensate neurotransmission imbalance that might be considered as potential therapeutic interventions in AD

A Connection Between Pattern Classification by Machine Learning and Statistical Inference With the General Linear Model

A connection between the general linear model (GLM) with frequentist statistical testing and machine learning (MLE) inference is derived and illustrated. Initially, the estimation of GLM parameters is expressed as a Linear Regression Model (LRM) of an indicator matrix; that is, in terms of the inverse problem of regressing the observations. Both approaches, i.e. GLM and LRM, apply to different domains, the observation and the label domains, and are linked by a normalization value in the least-squares solution. Subsequently, we derive a more refined predictive statistical test: the linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), that maximizes the class margin of separation within a permutation analysis. This MLE-based inference employs a residual score and associated upper bound to compute a better estimation of the actual (real) error. Experimental results demonstrate how parameter estimations derived from each model result in different classification performance in the equivalent inverse problem. Moreover, using real data, the MLE-based inference including model-free estimators demonstrates an efficient trade-off between type I errors and statistical power.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Espana)/FEDER RTI2018-098913B100Junta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission CV20-45250 A-TIC-080-UGR18 P20-00525National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia 18/0490

Síntesis del 10,11-epoxi-carbamazepina (CBZ-E) mediante el empleo de un método triboquímico

La carbamazepina (CBZ) (5Hdibenzo[ b,f]azepine-5-carboxamida)1 es un fármaco bluckbuster que se utiliza como antiepiléptico, analgésico, antimaníaco2 y antinarcótico.3 Uno de los metabolitos hepáticos con mayor significación farmacológica, el 10,11-epoxi-carbamazepina (CBZ-E),4 constituye un potencial patrón de referencia e interesante sustrato para estudios de farmacocinética clínica y toxicología debido a su similar actividad farmacológica. En Cuba tiene un amplio uso (> 100 000 pacientes) en la práctica clínica y para el tratamiento de patologías neurológicas como la epilepsi

Sleep bruxism. Conceptual review and update

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a parafunctional oromotor habit that can sometimes pose a threat to the integrity of the structures of the masticatory system if the magnitude and direction of the forces exerted exceed the system?s adaptive capacity. Over the years science has tried to provide a consistent explanation of the etiopathogenesis and physiopathology of SB, although the pathophysiological mechanisms are even now not yet fully understood. There is at present no specific, effective treatment to eliminate the habit of bruxism permanently. There are only palliative therapeutic alternatives steered at preventing the pathological effects of SB on the stomatognathic system and alleviating the negative clinical consequences of the habit. The objective of this article is to review and update the fundamental scientific concepts of SB and to furnish an approach to the main types of therapy used, based on the scientific literature

An optimized thermal extraction system for preparation of water from fluid inclusions in speleothems

The fluid inclusions present in speleothems (secondary mineral deposits formed in caves) are a relict sample of the parent seepage water from which the speleothem was deposited and determination of their composition can solve the palaeotemperature equation for the precipitation of speleothem carbonate. We have extracted fluid inclusions using a newly-designed thermal vacuum extraction method in stalagmites and stalactites from Nerja Cave, Southern Spain. Optimal conditions were found to involve heating samples crushed to 0.8-2mm for 3 hours at 300-400ºC. Waters extracted from modern aragonitic speleothem samples produced results on the Meteoric Water Line defined by modern infiltration and other waters associated with the cave and hence demonstrate an absence of fractionation effects. This successfully demonstrates the utility of the method

Perinatal and maternal outcomes according to the accurate term antepartum ultrasound estimation of extreme fetal weights

Background: The accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight (EFW) at term may be useful in addressing obstetric complications since birth weight (BW) is a parameter that represents an important prognostic factor for perinatal and maternal morbidity. (2) Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of 2156 women with a singleton pregnancy, it is verified whether or not perinatal and maternal morbidity differs between extreme BWs estimated at term by ultrasound within the seven days prior to birth with Accurate EFW (difference < 10% between EFW and BW) and those with Non-Accurate EFW (difference ≥ 10% between EFW and BW). (3) Results: Significantly worse perinatal outcomes (according to different variables such as higher rate of arterial pH at birth < 7.20, higher rate of 1-min Apgar < 7, higher rate of 5-min Apgar < 7, higher grade of neonatal resuscitation and need for admission to the neonatal care unit) were found for extreme BW estimated by antepartum ultrasounds with Non-Accurate EFW compared with those with Accurate EFW. This was the case when extreme BWs were compared according to percentile distribution by sex and gestational age following the national reference growth charts (small for gestational age and large for gestational age), and when they were compared according to weight range (low birth weight and high birth weight). (4) Conclusions: Clinicians should make a greater effort when performing EFW by ultrasound at term in cases of suspected extreme fetal weights, and need to take an increasingly prudent approach to its management.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Myogenic temporomandibular disorders : clinical systemic comorbidities in a female population sample

Myogenic temporomandibular disorders (MTMD) frequently coexist with other clinical conditions in the same individual. In the last decades, several authors have analyzed these comorbidities looking for the origin of this overlapping. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative anaylisis between a group of patients with MTMD and a control group of dental patients without dysfunctional pathology to assess whether there are significant differences in the presence of systemic medical comorbidities between the two groups. Restrospective epidemiological analysis, based on medical questionnaires in a group of 31 patients, women, aged from 24 to 58 (average 39.96 years), diagnosed with MTMD (Masticatory Myofascial Pain), with a control group with the same number of individuals, gender and age range to evaluate if there is a significant statistical difference in the presence of medical comorbidities in this group of patients with MTMD and if they are in a higher risk of suffering different pathological conditions. It was found that the group affected by MTMD presented many more associated medical conditions than the control group: health changes during the last year, medical evaluations and treatments, presence of pain, sinus disease, tinnitus, headache, joint pain, ocular disorders, fatigue, dizziness, genitourinary disorders and xerostomia among others; and they were also in a higher risk to suffer other pathological entities as headaches and articular pain. These results reinforce our hypothesis that MTMD belong to a group of medical conditions triggered by a loss of equilibrium of the individual?s Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immune (PNEI) Axis that produces alterations in the response against external stimuli in some genetically predisposed individuals. It is, therefore, necessary to change the way of diagnosing and managing these individual?s medical conditions, being mandatory to look from a more multidisciplinary perspective than the one we are currently offering