5,959 research outputs found
Modeling of electron emission processes accompanying Radon--decays within electrostatic spectrometers
Electrostatic spectrometers utilized in high-resolution beta-spectroscopy
studies such as in the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment have to
operate with a background level of less than 10^(-2) counts per second. This
limit can be exceeded by even a small number of Rn-219 or Rn-220 atoms being
emanated into the volume and undergoing alpha-decay there. In this paper we
present a detailed model of the underlying background-generating processes via
electron emission by internal conversion, shake-off and relaxation processes in
the atomic shells of the Po-215 and Po-216 daughters. The model yields electron
energy spectra up to 400 keV and electron multiplicities of up to 20 which are
compared to experimental data.Comment: 7 figure
Hiddenocysta matsuokae gen. nov. et sp. nov. from the Holocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
A new dinoflagellate cyst genus and species are described here as Hiddenocysta gen. nov. and Hiddenocysta matsuokae sp. nov. from Holocene sediments in a core from the west coast of Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). The genus Hiddenocysta encompasses spherical to ovoid skolochorate cysts, characterized by a gonyaulacoid plate pattern and a 2P precingular archeopyle. The species H. matsuokae is characterized by a granular wall and slender trifurcate processes with heavily perforated process bases. Two end members are described here based on process morphology and number of processes (formas 1 and 2). Cyst wall chemistry is analyzed using micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and reveals a unique dinosporin composition consistent with a gonyaulacoid autotrophic feeding strategy
Tan(beta)-enhanced supersymmetric corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon
We report on a two-loop supersymmetric contribution to the magnetic moment
(g-2)_mu of the muon which is enhanced by two powers of tan(beta). This
contribution arises from a shift in the relation between the muon mass and
Yukawa coupling and can increase the supersymmetric contribution to (g-2)_mu
sizably. As a result, if the currently observed 3 sigma deviation between the
experimental and SM theory value of (g-2)_mu is analyzed within the Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the derived constraints on the parameter
space are modified significantly: If (g-2)_mu is used to determine tan(beta) as
a function of the other MSSM parameters, our corrections decrease tan(beta) by
roughly 10% for tan(beta)=50.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Genetic Characterization of the Tick-Borne Orbiviruses
The International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognizes four species of tick-borne orbiviruses (TBOs): Chenuda virus, Chobar Gorge virus, Wad Medani virus and Great Island virus (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae). Nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence comparisons provide a basis for orbivirus detection and classification, however full genome sequence data were only available for the Great Island virus species. We report representative genome-sequences for the three other TBO species (virus isolates: Chenuda virus (CNUV); Chobar Gorge virus (CGV) and Wad Medani virus (WMV)). Phylogenetic comparisons show that TBOs cluster separately from insect-borne orbiviruses (IBOs). CNUV, CGV, WMV and GIV share low level aa/nt identities with other orbiviruses, in 'conserved' Pol, T2 and T13 proteins/genes, identifying them as four distinct virus-species. The TBO genome segment encoding cell attachment, outer capsid protein 1 (OC1), is approximately half the size of the equivalent segment from insect-borne orbiviruses, helping to explain why tick-borne orbiviruses have a ~1 kb smaller genome
Finite temperature dynamics of vortices in the two dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model
We study the effects of finite temperature on the dynamics of non-planar
vortices in the classical, two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model with
XY- or easy-plane symmetry. To this end, we analyze a generalized
Landau-Lifshitz equation including additive white noise and Gilbert damping.
Using a collective variable theory with no adjustable parameters we derive an
equation of motion for the vortices with stochastic forces which are shown to
represent white noise with an effective diffusion constant linearly dependent
on temperature. We solve these stochastic equations of motion by means of a
Green's function formalism and obtain the mean vortex trajectory and its
variance. We find a non-standard time dependence for the variance of the
components perpendicular to the driving force. We compare the analytical
results with Langevin dynamics simulations and find a good agreement up to
temperatures of the order of 25% of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
temperature. Finally, we discuss the reasons why our approach is not
appropriate for higher temperatures as well as the discreteness effects
observed in the numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in European Physical
Journal B (uses EPJ LaTeX
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Characterization of high purity germanium point contact detectors with low net impurity concentration
High Purity germanium point-contact detectors have low energy thresholds and excellent energy resolution over a wide energy range, and are thus widely used in nuclear and particle physics. In rare event searches, such as neutrinoless double beta decay, the point-contact geometry is of particular importance since it allows for pulse-shape discrimination, and therefore for a significant background reduction. In this paper we investigate the pulse-shape discrimination performance of ultra-high purity germanium point contact detectors. It is demonstrated that a minimal net impurity concentration is required to meet the pulse-shape performance requirements
Low autocorrelated multi-phase sequences
The interplay between the ground state energy of the generalized Bernasconi
model to multi-phase, and the minimal value of the maximal autocorrelation
function, , , is examined analytically and
the main results are: (a) The minimal value of is
significantly smaller than the typical value for random
sequences . (b) over all sequences
of length N is obtained in an energy which is about 30% above the ground-state
energy of the generalized Bernasconi model, independent of the number of phases
m. (c) The maximal merit factor grows linearly with m. (d) For a
given N, indicating that for m=N,
, i.e. a Barker code exits. The analytical results are
confirmed by simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Levinson theorem for Aharonov-Bohm scattering in two dimensions
We apply the recently generalized Levinson theorem for potentials with
inverse square singularities [Sheka et al, Phys.Rev.A, v.68, 012707 (2003)] to
Aharonov-Bohm systems in two-dimensions. By this theorem, the number of bound
states in a given m-th partial wave is related to the phase shift and the
magnetic flux. The results are applied to 2D soliton-magnon scattering.Comment: 5 pages (REVTeX
Vortex motion in a finite-size easy-plane ferromagnet and application to a nanodot
We study the motion of a non-planar vortex in a circular easy-plane
ferromagnet, which imitates a magnetic nanodot. Analysis was done using
numerical simulations and a new collective variable theory which includes the
coupling of Goldstone-like mode with the vortex center. Without magnetic field
the vortex follows a spiral orbit which we calculate. When a rotating in-plane
magnetic field is included, the vortex tends to a stable limit cycle which
exists in a significant range of field amplitude B and frequency for a
given system size L. For a fixed , the radius R of the orbital motion
is proportional to L while the orbital frequency varies as 1/L and is
significantly smaller than . Since the limit cycle is caused by the
interplay between the magnetization and the vortex motion, the internal mode is
essential in the collective variable theory which then gives the correct
estimate and dependency for the orbit radius . Using this
simple theory we indicate how an ac magnetic field can be used to control
vortices observed in real magnetic nanodots.Comment: 15 pages (RevTeX), 14 figures (eps
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