Electromagnetic form factors of hyperons in a relativistic quark model

The relativistically covariant constituent quark model developed by the Bonn group is used to compute the EM form factors of strange baryons. We present form-factor results for the ground-state and some excited hyperons. The computed magnetic moments agree well with the experimental values and the magnetic form factors follow a dipole $Q^2$ dependence.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings for NSTAR '04 conference in Grenoble, France, March 24-27, 2004 (World Scientific

CLASH: The Concentration-Mass Relation of Galaxy Clusters

We present a new determination of the concentration–mass (c–M) relation for galaxy clusters based on our comprehensive lensing analysis of 19 X-ray selected galaxy clusters from the Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble (CLASH). Our sample spans a redshift range between 0.19 and 0.89. We combine weak-lensing constraints from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and from ground-based wide-field data with strong lensing constraints from HST. The results are reconstructions of the surface-mass density for all CLASH clusters on multi-scale grids. Our derivation of Navarro–Frenk–White parameters yields virial masses between 0.53 × 10^(15) M_⊙ h and 1.76 × 10^(15) M_⊙ h and the halo concentrations are distributed around c_(200c) ∼ 3.7 with a 1σ significant negative slope with cluster mass. We find an excellent 4% agreement in the median ratio of our measured concentrations for each cluster and the respective expectation from numerical simulations after accounting for the CLASH selection function based on X-ray morphology. The simulations are analyzed in two dimensions to account for possible biases in the lensing reconstructions due to projection effects. The theoretical c–M relation from our X-ray selected set of simulated clusters and the c–M relation derived directly from the CLASH data agree at the 90% confidence level

Reproductive governance in a fragile and population-dense context: family planning policies, discourses, and practices in Burundi

This article describes the reproductive governance deployed in Burundi, which promotes fertility control through uptake of modern contraceptives as a solution to the economic hardship and land pressure of individuals and communities. Using a qualitative approach, we explore how women and couples in rural Burundi set their preferences, choices and practices of family planning, and how they relate with the government discourse. We describe how reproductive practices are complex and modulated by social and material factors and power dynamics. We argue that the current hegemonic discourse-largely supported by external donors-adopts a depoliticised and technocratic approach to family planning that aligns with neoliberal development frameworks, leaving existing power dynamics and resources distribution issues unexamined and unaddressed. By situating reproductive navigation in context, we show how medicalisation of reproduction is not fully enacted, and partly resisted by women and other actors

Weighing simulated galaxy clusters using lensing and X-ray

We aim at investigating potential biases in lensing and X-ray methods to measure the cluster mass profiles. We do so by performing realistic simulations of lensing and X-ray observations that are subsequently analyzed using observational techniques. The resulting mass estimates are compared among them and with the input models. Three clusters obtained from state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, each of which has been projected along three independent lines-of-sight, are used for this analysis. We find that strong lensing models can be trusted over a limited region around the cluster core. Extrapolating the strong lensing mass models to outside the Einstein ring can lead to significant biases in the mass estimates, if the BCG is not modeled properly for example. Weak lensing mass measurements can be largely affected by substructures, depending on the method implemented to convert the shear into a mass estimate. Using non-parametric methods which combine weak and strong lensing data, the projected masses within R200 can be constrained with a precision of ~10%. De-projection of lensing masses increases the scatter around the true masses by more than a factor of two due to cluster triaxiality. X-ray mass measurements have much smaller scatter (about a factor of two smaller than the lensing masses) but they are generally biased low by 5-20%. This bias is ascribable to bulk motions in the gas of our simulated clusters. Using the lensing and the X-ray masses as proxies for the true and the hydrostatic equilibrium masses of the simulated clusters and averaging over the cluster sample we are able to measure the lack of hydrostatic equilibrium in the systems we have investigated.Comment: 27 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication on A&A. Version with full resolution images can be found at http://pico.bo.astro.it/~massimo/Public/Papers/massComp.pd

Tris(cis-2-hy­droxy­cyclo­hexane-1,3,5-tri­aminium) hydrogen sulfate octa­chloride dihydrate

The 2-hy­droxy­cyclo­hexane-1,3,5-triaminium (= H3 L 3+) cation of the title compound, 3C6H18N3O3+·8Cl−·HSO4 −·2H2O, exhibits a cyclo­hexane chair with three equatorial ammonium groups and one axial hy­droxy group in an all-cis configuration. The hydrogen sulfate anion and two water mol­ecules lie on or in proximity to a threefold axis and are disordered. The crystal structure features N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Three C 3-symmetric motifs can be identified in the structure: (i) Two chloride ions (on the C 3-axis) together with three H3 L 3+ cations constitute an [(H3 L)3Cl2]7+ cage. (ii) The lipophilic C6H6-sides of three H3 L 3+ cations, which are oriented directly towards the C 3-axis, generate a lipophilic void. The void is filled with the disordered water mol­ecules and with the disordered part of the hydrogen sulfate ion. The hydrogen atoms of these disordered moieties were not located. (iii) Three H3 L 3+ cations together with one HSO4 − and three Cl− counter-ions form an [(HSO4)(H3 L)3Cl3]5+ cage. Looking along the C 3-axis, these three motifs are arranged in the order (cage 1)⋯(lipophilic void)⋯(cage 2). The crystal studied was found to be a racemic twin

4,6-Dinitro­pyrogallol

In the title mol­ecule, C6H4N2O7, the two nitro groups are tilted with respect to the aromatic ring by 11.2 (1) and 10.9 (1)°. All three hy­droxy groups are involved in the formation of bifurcated intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing exhibits short O⋯O distances of 2.823 (2) Å between two O atoms of the nitro groups

Differential Spectral Imaging of the CN Violet Band in Laser-Induced Plasmas on TNT Simulant Molecules

Dual channel emission imaging of m-nitrobenzoic acid and benzoic acid was performed in order to visualize the morphology of the CN violet band emission of a TNT analogue. The CN channel was corrected for continuum emission using a simultaneously imaged background channel. Simultaneous dual channel imaging alleviated problems with shot to shot variation in the plasma morphology due to the friable substrates and showed differences between plasmas formed on the two targets

The MUSIC of CLASH: Predictions on the Concentration-Mass Relation

We present an analysis of the MUSIC-2 N-body/hydrodynamical simulations aimed at estimating the expected concentration-mass relation for the CLASH (Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble) cluster sample. We study nearly 1,400 halos simulated at high spatial and mass resolution. We study the shape of both their density and surface-density profiles and fit them with a variety of radial functions, including the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW), the generalized NFW, and the Einasto density profiles. We derive concentrations and masses from these fits. We produce simulated Chandra observations of the halos, and we use them to identify objects resembling the X-ray morphologies and masses of the clusters in the CLASH X-ray-selected sample. We also derive a concentration-mass relation for strong-lensing clusters. We find that the sample of simulated halos that resembles the X-ray morphology of the CLASH clusters is composed mainly of relaxed halos, but it also contains a significant fraction of unrelaxed systems. For such a heterogeneous sample we measure an average two-dimensional concentration that is ~11% higher than is found for the full sample of simulated halos. After accounting for projection and selection effects, the average NFW concentrations of CLASH clusters are expected to be intermediate between those predicted in three dimensions for relaxed and super-relaxed halos. Matching the simulations to the individual CLASH clusters on the basis of the X-ray morphology, we expect that the NFW concentrations recovered from the lensing analysis of the CLASH clusters are in the range [3-6], with an average value of 3.87 and a standard deviation of 0.61

Concept of an efficient self-startup voltage converter with dynamic maximum power point tracking for microscale thermoelectric generators

Microscale Thermoelectric Generators (microTEGs) have a high application potential for energy harvesting for autonomous microsystems. In contrast to conventional thermoelectric generators, microTEGs can only supply small output-voltages. Therefore, voltage converters are required to provide supply-voltages that are sufficiently high to power microelectronics. However, for high conversion efficiency, voltage converters need to be optimized for the limited input voltage range and the typically high internal resistance of microTEGs. To overcome the limitations of conventional voltage converters we present an optimized self-startup voltage converter with dynamic maximum power point tracking. The performance potential of our concept is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The voltage conversion interface demonstrates energy harvesting from open-circuit voltages as low as 30.7 mV, and enables independent and full start-up from 131 mV. No additional external power supply is required at any time during operation. It can be operated with a wide range of internal resistances from 20.6 to − 4 kΩ with a conversation efficiency between η = 68–79%