Estado inflamatorio, oxidante y proaterogénico en trastornos del metabolismo del hierro

Iron overload and deficiency were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms involved and the clinical impact of such alterations are scarcely known. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of maintaining iron homeostasis over CVD risk factors has not been fully studied. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the role of iron levels over biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in patients with iron overload and deficiency in comparison with healthy controls, and to assess the impact of their respective treatments. Indicators of glucose and lipoprotein metabolism, the activities of lipoprotein-associated enzymes, the chemical composition and functionality of isolated lipoproteins and biomarkers of inflammation and atherosclerosis were evaluated. Patients with iron metabolism alterations showed a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile with presence of modified and dysfunctional lipoproteins and a proinflammatory state with increased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Such alterations were corrected in response to the treatments of each condition. In conclusion, iron overload and deficiency are associated with metabolic alterations and a proinflammatory state which might enhance the development of atherosclerotic CVD.Fil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento Bioquímica Clínica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaLa sobrecarga y la deficiencia de hierro fueron asociadas a mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Sin embargo, los mecanismos involucrados y su impacto clínico resultan poco conocidos. Asimismo, aún no ha sido evaluado el potencial terapéutico del mantenimiento de la homeostasis del hierro sobre los factores de riesgo de ECV. El objetivo de la tesis fue evaluar el rol de los niveles de hierro sobre la inflamación, la disfunción endotelial y la aterosclerosis a través del estudio de sus bioindicadores en pacientes con sobrecarga y deficiencia de hierro en comparación con controles sanos, y estudiar el impacto de sus respectivos tratamientos. Se evaluó el metabolismo de los glúcidos y los lípidos, la actividad de enzimas asociadas a lipoproteínas, la composición química y funcionalidad de las lipoproteínas aisladas, y bioindicadores de inflamación y aterosclerosis. En ambos trastornos del metabolismo del hierro, se observaron: alteraciones en el perfil lipoproteico, presencia de lipoproteínas modificadas y disfuncionales, y un estado proinflamatorio caracterizado por una mayor actividad de fosfolipasa-A2 asociada a lipoproteínas. Estas alteraciones revirtieron en respuesta a los tratamientos respectivos de cada condición. En conclusión, las alteraciones del metabolismo del hierro se asocian a procesos proinflamatorios capaces de promover el desarrollo de ECV

Desarrollo de recursos de apoyo para el aprendizaje de conceptos básicos relativos a funciones

En el presente documento se describe en detalle el desarrollo de un aplicación informática de apoyo al aprendizaje de conceptos básicos relativos a funciones. El objetivo de esta aplicación es desarrollar un producto que sirva como complemento de refuerzo a los alumnos de la asignatura de Fundamentos de Matemáticas del Grado de Ingeniería Informática. Se ha diseñado e implementado una aplicación de escritorio que consta de una serie de ejercicios desarrollados mediante la librería PyQt5 utilizando un sistema gestor de base de datos MySQL.This document describes in detail the development of a computer application to support the learning of basic concepts related to functions. The objective of this application is to develop a product that serves as a complementary reinforcement for the students of the Fundamentals of Mathematics course of the Computer Engineering Degree. A desktop application has been designed and implemented consisting of a series of exercises developed using the PyQt5 library and a MySQL database management system.Departamento de Matemática AplicadaGrado en Ingeniería Informátic

Increased iron store and its relationship with cardiovascular disease

En los últimos años, se ha avanzado considerablemente en el control de varios de los denominados factores de riesgo aterogénico tradicionales, a pesar de lo cual la incidencia de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) continúa siendo elevada. Entre las diversas condiciones asociadas a ECV, podría ubicarse también a la sobrecarga de hierro. Su estudio ha cobrado relevancia desde que se planteó la ?hipótesis del hierro?, la cual postula que bajos niveles de hierro ejercerían un efecto protector del sistema cardiovascular. No obstante, hasta el presente, los resultados de los estudios diseñados para probar esta hipótesis han sido controversiales. Por otro lado, se lograron numerosos avances en el conocimiento del metabolismo del hierro a partir del descubrimiento de la hormona reguladora hepcidina. Los estudios sobre las funciones fisiológicas de esta hormona permitieron elaborar nuevas hipótesis que explican los resultados de los estudios clínicos anteriormente concebidos como contradictorios. El objetivo de la presente actualización es exponer, a razón de los últimos avances sobre la regulación del metabolismo del hierro y su vinculación con la inflamación, el estado actual del conocimiento sobre el posible rol del exceso de hierro como factor de riesgo de ECV.In the last years, great advance has been achieved in the control of several of the classic atherogenic risk factors; nonetheless, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains high. Among the disorders which are associated with CVD, increased iron stores have been described as one of them. Its study gained relevance since the “iron hypothesis”, which postulates that low iron levels exert a protective effect on cardiovascular system, was elaborated. In spite of the numerous studies carried out to test this hypothesis, the results have been controversial. On the other hand, much knowledge regarding iron metabolism has been gained since the description of the regulatory hormone, hepcidin. The studies on hepcidin physiologic functions allowed the elaboration of new hypothesis that could explain the results formerly conceived as inconsistent. The aim of the present review is to describe, in light of the newest advances in iron metabolism regulation and its association with inflammation, the current state of knowledge regarding the possible role of iron overload as a risk factor of CVD.Fil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Sorroche, Patricia. Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

GH levels and insulin sensitivity are differently associated with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in active acromegaly

Context: Acromegaly is characterized by GH excess and insulin resistance. It is not known which of these disorders is responsible for the increased atherogenic risk in these patients. Objective: To analyse the associations of GH and homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and to compare the above-mentioned variables between patients with active acromegaly and controls. Design and setting: This open cross-sectional study was conducted at a University Hospital. Patients: Twenty-two outpatients were compared with sex- and age-matched control subjects. Main outcomes: Included clinical features, hormonal status, markers of insulin resistance, lipoprotein profile and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Results: Patients presented higher triglyceride (median [IQR]) (1·2[1·1-1·6] vs 0·9[0·6-1·1] mm, P < 0·05), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean ± SD) (3·5 ± 0·9 vs 3·0 ± 0·7mm, P < 0·05), apoB (0·98 ± 0·23 vs 0·77 ± 0·22 g/l, P < 0·05), free fatty acid (0·69 ± 0·2 vs 0·54 ± 0·2 mM, P < 0·05), oxidized-LDL (120 ± 22 vs 85 ± 19 U/l, P < 0·05) and endothelin-1 (0·90 ± 0·23 vs 0·72 ± 0·17 ng/l, P < 0·05) levels, increased cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity (179 ± 27 vs 138 ± 30%/ml/h, P < 0·01) and lower C reactive protein (CRP) (0·25[0·1-0·9] vs 0·85[0·4-1·4] mg/l; P < 0·05) levels than control subjects. Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) concentration was not different. By multiple linear regression analyses, HOMA explained the variability of triglycerides (25%), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (30%) and CETP activity (28%), while GH independently predicted LDL-C (18%), oxidized-LDL (40%) and endothelin-1 levels (19%). Conclusions: In patients with active acromegaly, GH excess contributes to the development of insulin resistance, and the interaction between both disturbances would be responsible for the appearance of atherogenic pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory factors. Insulin resistance would be preferably associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile and to high CETP activity, while high GH levels would independently predict the increase in LDL-C, ox-LDL and endothelin-1

Wholegrain Consumption and Risk Factors for Cardiorenal Metabolic Diseases in Chile: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2016-2017 Health National Survey

Abstract: Wholegrain (WG) consumption has been associated with reduced risk factors for cardiorenal metabolic diseases (CRMD). In Latin-America. WG intake is low and scarce studies on this subject have been found. We aimed to evaluate the association between WG consumption and risk factors for CRMD in the 2016-2017 Chilean-National Health Survey. This cross-sectional study included 3110 participants representative of a total population of 11,810,647 subjects > 18 y, not taking insulin and with complete data on CRMD risk factors. Outcomes were metabolic syndrome and its components, albuminuria, and impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR). WG consumption was categorized as regular (≥every two days), sporadic (≥once a month), and non-consumers. Associations were analyzed by multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for confounders taking into account the complex sample design of the survey. Regular WG consumers showed a lower risk of high blood pressure (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41-0.91) compared to non-consumers in fully-adjusted models. Although inverse associations were noticed with other metabolic syndrome components and impaired GFR, none was statistically significant. The association between WG and BP remained robust in the sensitivity analysis. In conclusion regular WG consumption was associated with a 39% lower risk of high blood pressure in Chilean adults. Keywords: wholegrain; cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome; chronic kidney disease; Latin Americ

Importancia de las ciencias ómicas en biotecnología

III Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Combinar la nutrición comunitaria y personalizada: nuevos retos

High risk of cardiovascular disease in iron overload patients

Introduction: Iron overload (IO) is defined as an increase in storage iron, regardless of the presence or absence of tissue damage. Whether increased iron stores are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease remains controversial.Objectives: To study insulin resistance markers, lipoprotein profile, activities of anti and prooxidant enzymes and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in patients with IO.Methods: Twenty patients with IO were compared with 20 sex and age-matched controls. General biochemical parameters, lipoprotein profile, and activities of paraoxonase 1, employing two substrates, paraoxon (PON) and phenylacetate (ARE), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and CETP were determined.Results: IO patients showed higher levels of HOMA-IR and triglycerides (median [Q1-Q3]) (128[93-193] vs. 79[51-91]mg/dl,p<0.0005) while lower HDL-cholesterol (mean±SD) (41±9 vs. 52±10mg/dl,p<0.0005) in comparison with controls. Moreover, the triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol (3.2[2.0-5.1] vs. 1.5[1.0-1.9],p<0.0005) ratio and oxidized LDL levels (94[64-103] vs. 68[59-70]IU/l,p<0.05) were increased in the patient group. Though no difference was observed in ARE activity, PON activity was decreased in IO patients (246[127-410] vs. 428[263-516]nmol.ml-1.min-1,p<0.05). In addition, CETP and Lp-PLA2 activities were also increased in the patients (189±31 vs. 155±36%.ml-1.h-1,p<0.005; and 10.1±2.9 vs. 8.2±2.4µmol.ml-1.h-1,p<0.05, respectively). Associations between ferritin concentration and the alterations in lipid metabolism were also found. Multiple regression analyses identified HOMA-IR as independent predictor of CETP activity (B=65.9,p<0.0001,r2=0.35), as well as ferritin concentration of Lp-PLA2 activity (B=3.7,p<0.0001,r2=0.40) after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusions: IO patients presented not only insulin resistance, but also metabolic alterations which were related to elevated iron stores and are associated to high risk of cardiovascular disease.Fil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Rosso, Leonardo Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Sorroche, Patricia. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Arbelbide, Jorge. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Vascular reactivity and biomarkers of endothelial function in healthy subjects exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) on vascular reactivity and biochemical markers associated with endothelial function (EF). Main methods: Ten healthy subjects were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4,000. meters above sea level for 4. hours in a hypobaric chamber. Vascular reactivity was measured by the flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMVD) test. Endothelin-1, high sensitive-C reactive protein (hsCRP), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), paraoxonase and adiponectin levels, and FMVD were evaluated before and after the exposure. Key findings: Subjects were young (age: 32±6years), lean [body mass index: 23.9±2.0kg/m2, waist circumference: 77(IQR: 72-80) cm], and presented normal clinical and biochemical parameters. No significant changes were evidenced in FMVD in response to HH (pre: 0.45 (0.20-0.70) vs. during: 0.50 (0.20-1.22) mm; p=0.594). On the other hand, endothelin-1 (+54%, p<0.05), hsCRP (+37%, p<0.001), IL-6 (+75%, p<0.05), TNF-α (+75%, p<0.05), and adiponectin (-39%, p<0.01) levels were significantly altered post-HH. FMVD was increased in 7 subjects, and it was decreased in 3 individuals during HH exposure. Interestingly, when EF biomarkers were compared between these two subgroups of subjects, only post exposure-adiponectin levels were significantly different (49±5 vs. 38±6μg/ml, respectively, p<0.05). Significance: HH exposure had an effect on endothelin-1, adiponectin, hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α concentration. However, adiponectin was the only biomarker associated with an altered vascular reactivity.Fil: Iglesias, Diego. Sociedad Argentina de Medicina de Montaña; Argentina. Hospital Italiano; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Rosso, Leonardo Adrián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vainstein, Nora. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lezón, Christian Esteban. Sociedad Argentina de Medicina de Montaña; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Concept vessel: green desalination barge

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