Efficient Deep Learning: A Survey on Making Deep Learning Models Smaller, Faster, and Better

Deep Learning has revolutionized the fields of computer vision, natural language understanding, speech recognition, information retrieval and more. However, with the progressive improvements in deep learning models, their number of parameters, latency, resources required to train, etc. have all have increased significantly. Consequently, it has become important to pay attention to these footprint metrics of a model as well, not just its quality. We present and motivate the problem of efficiency in deep learning, followed by a thorough survey of the five core areas of model efficiency (spanning modeling techniques, infrastructure, and hardware) and the seminal work there. We also present an experiment-based guide along with code, for practitioners to optimize their model training and deployment. We believe this is the first comprehensive survey in the efficient deep learning space that covers the landscape of model efficiency from modeling techniques to hardware support. Our hope is that this survey would provide the reader with the mental model and the necessary understanding of the field to apply generic efficiency techniques to immediately get significant improvements, and also equip them with ideas for further research and experimentation to achieve additional gains

PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA: A PREVAILING HERB

Abstract: The outcomes of the phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica stem sample exhibited the presence of valuable phytonutrients. The results indicates thatPlumbago zeylanica all six solvent extract confined with reducing sugar, terpenoids , tannin, alkaloids and flavonoid. The domino effect of the phytochemical screening of medicinal plants wasconferred in relations to their practicality to manhood. Key words: Plumbago zeylanica, phytochemical screening, chitrak, phytonutrients.Â

Screening of successive extracts of Amorphophallus konjac for antibacterial activity

Amorphophallus is an Aroid family member, native to Asia. Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br. is also known as snake plant due to snake like outlines on its stem. In Mount Abu the plant is grown in wild and known for its toxic principles. In Traditional Chinese System of Medicine (TCM), it was mentioned that gel prepared from flour has been used in detoxification, tumor suppression, phlegm liquefaction and skin disorders. In the present research work, attempts were made to authenticate and validate the ethno-medicinal potentials of A. konjac antimicrobial activity which could be alternate for current synthetic antimicrobial agents. The plant was selected for screening of antimicrobial efficacy against eight selected bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC- 2921), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 13047 ), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC  12453), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC- 13047), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 6305). The results of antimicrobial activity of crude dicholormethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol were significant. DCM extract C (10 mg/disc) possess maximum efficacy against S. pneumoniae (IZ = 20 mm; AI = 1.25). The main cause of community acquired pneumonia and septicemia in HIV infected patients is caused by S. pneumoniae microorganism. Further, bioactivity guided fractionation of pure compounds from DCM extract of A. konjac can lead to work as novel antibiotic in future. Therefore, the extract can also be used for isolation of volatiles compounds with potentials so that the extract / active fraction / pure compounds can be used as nasal spray in future therapeutics.Key words: Amorphophallus konjac, antibacterial activity, antimicrobial agents, ethnomedicinal plant

Graphical Augmentation of Message Content

This disclosure describes techniques for automatic augmentation and/or generation of message content. Per techniques of this disclosure, message content is visually augmented based on content recognition and/or user indication. The visual augmentation includes emphasis of specific message content and/or addition of graphical overlay elements based on the message content or user selection. The visual augmentation is portable across platforms and devices. With user permission and express consent, trained machine learning models are used to detect sentiment being expressed in a message and/or key reference points included in the message. Augmentations are suggested based on the detected sentiment or key reference points. Textual cues provided by the user are utilized to surface entities that are related to the textual cues. Based on the entities, user intent and sentiment, a suitable graphical overlay is provided. An augmented message with suggested overlays is displayed to the user, ready for sending or further edits

Effect of molybdenum addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of plain carbon steel weld

The present investigation has two main objectives; first is optimization of welding process parameters of submerged arc welding (SAW) using Taguchi philosophy and second is to improve the mechanical properties such as strength and microhardness of weld joint by alloying with varying amounts of molybdenum. For optimization of welding process, parameters Taguchi philosophy have been applied on a mild steel plate (AISI C- 1020) of 10 mm thickness with 60o groove angle with arc voltage and welding speed as variables and bead width as output variables. A mathematical relationship between bead width, arc voltage and welding speed has also been found using multiple regression analysis for the present base metal plate geometry. After optimizing welding parameters, molybdenum has been added individually to the welding area in varying percentages. The properties of alloyed and unalloyed weld metal bead are compared. The mechanical characterization of weld has been done in terms of microhardness, tensile strength, whereas microstructural characterization has been performed using optical microscopy, XRD and EDS. The presence of molybdenum resulted in bainite structure in weld bead having a refined grain structure, enhancement in tensile strength and microhardness. The XRD results showed the formation of molybdenum carbides justifying the increase in microhardness value

EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF HAMELIA PATENS PLANT WITH THE GC-MS SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactive compound present in the leaves, root, flower, and stem by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Novel drugs are isolated from plants against human diseases.Methods: The plant parts (leaves, stem, flower, and root) were collected, washed, shade dried, and powdered, and the methanol extracts of all plant parts were prepared by Soxhlet reflux method. The methanolic extracts were analyzed for the identification of phytochemical compounds present in the Hamelia patens plant parts using GC-mass spectrometry (MS) matched by the National Institute of Standards And Technology-11 library and Willey 8 library.Results: The bioactive fraction on GC-MS analysis revealed a chromatogram showing highest peaks. Methanol extracts of H. patens leaf are found to possess a wide range of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and their isomers such as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 4H-pyran (1.77%), 1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) (3.06%), mome inositol (18.22%), pentadecanoic acid (1.66%), and squalene (11.47%). GC-MS analysis revealed chromatogram, showing that the highest peaks of H. patens stem are methyl salicylate (3.41%), 2-amino-9-(3,4- dihydroxy-5- hydroxymethyl) (9.53%), mome inositol (63.73%), and squalene (1.07%).Conclusion: Isolation of such bioactives and their use as therapeutic target is the prime motto of our research to isolate novel bioactive that can used as potential therapeutic agents

Dry sliding wear behavior and its relation to microstructure of artificially aged Al-Si-Mg/TiB2 in situ composites

Mechanical stir casting is utilized to produce an artificially aged Al-Si-Mg alloy, whereas halide slat (K2TiF6 and KBF4) synthesis is utilized to produce Al-Si-Mg/TiB2 aluminum matrix composites. The dry sliding pin on disc wear test was conducted using a DUCOM/TR-20LE-PHM-200 machine to simulate an automobile application (Piston-Ring assembly).  Where pistons are made of aluminum alloy (for the Pin) and rings are made of grey cast iron (for the disc material). At room temperature, a wear test was conducted by altering the ageing time (3, 6, 9, 12), sliding speed (2, 2.5 m/s), and applied load (14.71, 19.62, 24.52 N) with the disc speed (500 rpm) held constant (10 min).  The results indicate that the aluminum matrix composite (AMC) wear rate is reduced by 37 percent at higher sliding speeds (2.5 m/s) and by 4 percent at lower sliding speeds (2.0 m/s) compared to the base alloy. Field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the formation of the mechanically mixed layer (MML) or oxidative layers on the worn surfaces reduces the wear rate under conditions of longer ageing time, higher sliding speed, and lower applied load. The research demonstrates that composite wear is a function of sliding velocity, aging period, and applied force. As sliding speed rose from 2 m/s to 2.5 m/s, the wear rate of composites dropped reasonably, yet composites are softer than basic alloys. It is conceivable due to the presence of a considerable amount of MML and the formation of oxidative layers between pins and their equivalents

Kinetics of Oxidation of Glycollic Acid by Os (VIII)

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VIRTUAL BE-RIGHT-BACK STATUS FOR TELECONFERENCING APPLICATION

Techniques are provided herein to notify, in real-time, participants of a teleconference/meeting that one of the participants is absent. The notification may be a virtual Be Right Back (BRB) indicator. In some examples, the participant may be sent a personalized message with the transcript of the meeting for the duration they were absent. This may allow participants to step away without disrupting the flow of the meeting