8,868 research outputs found
A Bootstrapping Method for Finer-Grained Opinion Mining Using Graph Model
PACLIC 23 / City University of Hong Kong / 3-5 December 200
Study on electromagnetically induced transparency effects in Dirac and VO hybrid material structure
In this paper, we present a metamaterial structure of Dirac and vanadium
dioxide and investigate its optical properties using the finite-difference
time-domain (FDTD) technique. Using the phase transition feature of vanadium
dioxide, the design can realize active tuning of the PIT effect at terahertz
frequency, thereby converting from a single PIT to a double PIT. When VO is
in the insulating state, the structure is symmetric to obtain a single-band PIT
effect; When VO is in the metallic state, the structure turns asymmetric to
realize a dual-band PIT effect. This design provides a reference direction for
the design of actively tunable metamaterials. Additionally, it is discovered
that the transparent window's resonant frequency and the Dirac material's Fermi
level in this structure have a somewhat linear relationship. In addition, the
structure achieves superior refractive index sensitivity in the terahertz band,
surpassing 1 THz/RIU. Consequently, the concept exhibits encouraging potential
for application in refractive index sensors and optical switches
Bias-Aware Design for Informed Decisions: Raising Awareness of Self-Selection Bias in User Ratings and Reviews
People often take user ratings and reviews into consideration when shopping
for products or services online. However, such user-generated data contains
self-selection bias that could affect people decisions and it is hard to
resolve this issue completely by algorithms. In this work, we propose to raise
the awareness of the self-selection bias by making three types of information
concerning user ratings and reviews transparent. We distill these three pieces
of information (reviewers experience, the extremity of emotion, and reported
aspects) from the definition of self-selection bias and exploration of related
literature. We further conduct an online survey to assess the perceptions of
the usefulness of such information and identify the exact facets people care
about in their decision process. Then, we propose a visual design to make such
details behind user reviews transparent and integrate the design into an
experimental website for evaluation. The results of a between-subjects study
demonstrate that our bias-aware design significantly increases the awareness of
bias and their satisfaction with decision-making. We further offer a series of
design implications for improving information transparency and awareness of
bias in user-generated content
WC-SBERT: Zero-Shot Text Classification via SBERT with Self-Training for Wikipedia Categories
Our research focuses on solving the zero-shot text classification problem in
NLP, with a particular emphasis on innovative self-training strategies. To
achieve this objective, we propose a novel self-training strategy that uses
labels rather than text for training, significantly reducing the model's
training time. Specifically, we use categories from Wikipedia as our training
set and leverage the SBERT pre-trained model to establish positive correlations
between pairs of categories within the same text, facilitating associative
training. For new test datasets, we have improved the original self-training
approach, eliminating the need for prior training and testing data from each
target dataset. Instead, we adopt Wikipedia as a unified training dataset to
better approximate the zero-shot scenario. This modification allows for rapid
fine-tuning and inference across different datasets, greatly reducing the time
required for self-training. Our experimental results demonstrate that this
method can adapt the model to the target dataset within minutes. Compared to
other BERT-based transformer models, our approach significantly reduces the
amount of training data by training only on labels, not the actual text, and
greatly improves training efficiency by utilizing a unified training set.
Additionally, our method achieves state-of-the-art results on both the Yahoo
Topic and AG News datasets
Spindle oscillations are generated in the dorsal thalamus and modulated by the thalamic reticular nucleus
Spindle waves occur during the early stage of slow wave sleep and are thought to arise in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), causing inhibitory postsynaptic potential spindle-like oscillations in the dorsal thalamus that are propagated to the cortex. We have found that thalamocortical neurons exhibit membrane oscillations that have spindle frequencies, consist of excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and co-occur with electroencephalographic spindles. TRN lesioning prolonged oscillations in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex (AC). Injection of GABA~A~ antagonist into the MGB decreased oscillation frequency, while injection of GABA~B~ antagonist increased spindle oscillations in the MGB and cortex. Thus, spindles originate in the dorsal thalamus and TRN inhibitory inputs modulate this process, with fast inhibition facilitating the internal frequency and slow inhibition limiting spindle occurrence
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