10 research outputs found
Características e atributos de Latossolos sob diferentes usos na região Oeste do Estado da Bahia
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different land uses on the characteristics and attributes of Oxisols in the western region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The Oxisols had textures with largely predominant sand fraction, and they were evaluated in areas of cerrado, cotton, soybean, and common bean in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães. The morphological characterization and the collection of samples for evaluating soil physical and chemical attributes of horizons were carried out in small trenches, while the evaluation of field saturated hydraulic conductivity was done using the Guelph permeameter at two depths: 0.0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m. The evaluated Oxisols, besides their massive structure, showed a dense genetic horizon, which, under agricultural use, becomes more compacted, thick, and shallow, forming clods when plowed. Agricultural use reduces the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the evaluated Oxisols in bothlayers, except for common bean cultivation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes usos da terra nas características e nos atributos de Latossolos da região Oeste do Estado da Bahia. Os Latossolos apresentavam texturas com fração areia amplamente predominante, e foram avaliados em áreas de cerrado, algodão, soja e feijão, no Município de Luís Eduardo Magalhães. A caracterização morfológica e a coleta de amostras de solos para avaliação dos atributos físicos e químicos por horizontes foram feitas em minitrincheiras, enquanto a avaliação da condutividade hidráulica saturada foi feita com permeâmetro de Guelph em duas profundidades: 0,0–0,20 e 0,20–0,40 m. Os Latossolos avaliados, além de uma estrutura maciça, apresentaram horizonte genético adensado, que, sob uso agrícola, torna-se mais compactado, espesso e superficial, e forma torrões quando revolvido. O uso agrícola reduz a condutividade hidráulica saturada dos Latossolos avaliados nas duas camadas, com exceção do cultivo de feijão
Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world
Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.
Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States.
Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis.
Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection
Soils Developed on Geomorphic Surfaces in the Mountain Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro
Proposta de melhoramento do mapa de solos do Brasil para a classe dos espodossolos
O Mapa de Solos do Brasil foi desenvolvido no intuito de oferecer uma visão geral da diversidade de solos do país. No entanto, devido a sua escala 1:5.000.000, existe a dificuldade de utilização desse mapa para estudos detalhados em função de sua generalização. Nesse sentido, este trabalho avaliou a distribuição da classe dos Espodossolos no mapa, representatividade e acurácia; propondo procedimentos para aprimoramento do mapa à luz da identificação dos ambientes de ocorrência dos Espodossolos. A partir de revisão bibliográfica, foram levantados 189 perfis de solo da classe dos Espodossolos, os quais compõem uma base de dados com o mapeamento em um sistema de informação geográfica, no qual foi comparado ao Mapa de Solos do Brasil e feita análise dos ambientes de ocorrência (mapas interativos de biomas, clima, vegetação, relevo e geologia). No que concerne à validação do Mapa de Solos do Brasil, é necessário o seu aprimoramento com relação às ocorrências de Espodossolos, especial nas suas áreas de maior ocorrência, como a restinga. Da análise de suas ocorrências, foi observado que esses solos ocorrem em condições de umidade elevada, climas tropical e subtropical, terrenos planos, na região costeira, na Amazônia e nos Tabuleiros Costeiros associados à vegetação de restinga, campinarana e muçununga, respectivamente. Também ocorrem sob terreno movimentado sob vegetação altomontana, em regiões de clima frio e úmido. Para o aprimoramento, sugere-se focar os trabalhos de mapeamento deste perfil nos padrões de distribuição identificados: Amazônia - vegetação de campinarana, relevo de transição entre depressões e planícies, altitudes abaixo de 100m e material advindo de sedimentos arenosos; Pantanal: sedimentos arenosos e argilosos, vegetação de savana e altitudes próximas de 100m; e Mata Atlântica: vegetação de restinga em diversos relevos, altitudes inferiores a 100m, a vegetação de muçununga associada a tabuleiros costeiros também com altitudes inferiores a 100m e vegetação altomontana sob terrenos movimentados em altitudes em torno de 1.000m.The Brazilian Soil Map was developed in order to provide an overview of the diversity of the country's soil, however, but there is a lot of space for improvement. Not However, due to their scale 1:5.000.000, there is a difficulty of Use Map Of this paragraph Detailed studies due to its generalization. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the indicated occurrence of the class of Spodosols, its accuracy and if does represent reality; building up suggestions to further improvement of the map, based on the identified Spodosols occurrences. From bibliographic search were identified 189 Spodosols occurrences, making it up a data base, used to feed a geographic information system, that was them compared to the Brazilian Soil Map and assessed against the environments where they were found (biomes, vegetation, weather, relief and geology). When referring to the Brazilian Soil Map accuracy in the case of Spodsols, it is necessary further improvements, especially in the areas of higher presence as the case of sandbank (in Portuguese: restingas). Distribution pattern of Spodosols profiles were observed as: elevated humidity, tropical and subtropical weather, flat terrain or soft wavy, on the coast, in the Amazon and coastal plains, associated with the vegetation of sandbank, campinarana and muçununga respectively. Also occur in busy ground under montane vegetation in cold and wet climates. To further improve the Map, is suggested to focus the mapping efforts in the distribution patterns identified: Amazon – capinarama vegetation, transition relief from low lands slope towards flat lands, altitude lower than 100m and origin from sandy sediments; Pantanal: sandy and muddy sediments, savana vegetation, and altitude around 100m; and Atlantic Forest – sandbank at different reliefs, altitude lower than 100m, muçununga vegetation when associated to coastal talus also at lower than 100m and altomontana vegetation on busy ground under montane vegetation in cold and wet climates in altitude around 1,000m
Soils with dark subsurface horizons in saline basins in the Brazilian Pantanal
Soils in the Brazilian Pantanal classified as Espodossolos and registered in the literature diverge from the central concept of pedogenesis by podzolization, especially due to the high values of pH and basic cations, although the morphology is similar to that of spodic horizons. In this sense, this study hypothesized that the neutral to alkaline conditions along the edges of the saline basins in the Lower Nhecolândia region do not inhibit the podzolization process nor the development of spodic soils. The objectives were to analyze the attributes of soils with spodic features and evaluate whether they correspond to a podzolization process. Four profiles in a transect in Lower Nhecolândia were selected, where the morphology indicated the presence of a spodic horizon. Three profiles (P1, P2 and P4) were located in a bay and one in the transition between a bay and a “cordilheira” (small elevation between lagoons) (P3). The soils were analyzed for particle size, chemistry and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), as well as organic carbon (C org), total carbon (TC) and XRF of the nodules. The complexity of features and characteristics of soil profiles in the Lower Nhecolândia region indicate multiple pedogenetic processes in this environment. The characteristics of all profiles denote a redoximorphic process: poor profile development (except for P3), mottles formed by precipitation of Fe and Mn oxides, as well as presence of Fe and Mn nodules. The organic matter content of these nodules is mostly greater than or equal to that of the surrounding material, and aluminum is relatively not higher than in the fine earth. This reinforces a rexodimorphic process in the horizons with spodic features. The occurrence of sodic and solodic characters, as well as clay accumulation in P3 also characterize the sodification process. The neutral to alkaline pH values in water, high sum of bases and low C org and Al oxide contents of the studied soils all contradict the occurrence of a podzolization process. However, Fe, Al and C org accumulation in the nodules and some B horizons indicate a spodic character. Also, the fact that SiBCS criteria classify the studied soils as Espodossolos indicates the relevance of establishing limits for chemical attributes, which would adjust the taxonomy of soils with a spodic character according to their pedogenesis
Soils Developed on Geomorphic Surfaces in the Mountain Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro
<div><p>ABSTRACT: The evaluation of soils in representative landscapes constitutes an opportunity to evaluate spatial distribution, discuss formation processes, and apply this knowledge to land use and management. In this sense, from the perspective of an environmentally diversified region, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the occurrence and understand the formation of soils in different geomorphic surfaces of a landscape from a mountain region in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The study was developed in the Pito Aceso microbasin in the municipality of Bom Jardim, composed of narrow valleys and a rugged mountain domain, with elevation between 640 and 1,270 m. In a representative landscape, the geomorphic surfaces were obtained from the slope segments and flow lines. On the geomorphic surfaces, soil profiles were described by their morphological properties, collected, and analyzed to describe the chemical and physical properties of each horizon. Geomorphological aspects and possible variations of the parent material directly affected pedogenesis and led to distinct soil classes in the landscape. Variation in the geomorphic surfaces directs the processes for soil formation under current conditions, as well as the preservation of polygenetic soils. Soils of lower development and with greater participation of the exchangeable cations were identified at the summit (talus deposit) (Neossolo Litólico and Cambissolo Húmico) and toeslope (colluvial-alluvial) (Neossolo Flúvico), whereas more developed soils with lower nutrient content occur in the concave (Argissolos Vermelho and Amarelo) and convex (Latossolo Amarelo) backslope, except for the Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo in the shoulder, which had high exchangeable cations contents.</p></div
Soils developed on geomorphic surfaces in the mountain region of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
The evaluation of soils in representative landscapes constitutes an opportunity to evaluate spatial distribution, discuss formation processes, and apply this knowledge to land use and management. In this sense, from the perspective of an environmentally diversified region, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the occurrence and understand the formation of soils in different geomorphic surfaces of a landscape from a mountain region in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The study was developed in the Pito Aceso microbasin in the municipality of Bom Jardim, composed of narrow valleys and a rugged mountain domain, with elevation between 640 and 1,270 m. In a representative landscape, the geomorphic surfaces were obtained from the slope segments and flow lines. On the geomorphic surfaces, soil profiles were described by their morphological properties, collected, and analyzed to describe the chemical and physical properties of each horizon. Geomorphological aspects and possible variations of the parent material directly affected pedogenesis and led to distinct soil classes in the landscape. Variation in the geomorphic surfaces directs the processes for soil formation under current conditions, as well as the preservation of polygenetic soils. Soils of lower development and with greater participation of the exchangeable cations were identified at the summit (talus deposit) (Neossolo Litólico and Cambissolo Húmico) and toeslope (colluvial-alluvial) (Neossolo Flúvico), whereas more developed soils with lower nutrient content occur in the concave (Argissolos Vermelho and Amarelo) and convex (Latossolo Amarelo) backslope, except for the Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo in the shoulder, which had high exchangeable cations contents.Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-27T23:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)
Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p < 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures
International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p < 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted
Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)
Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p<0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p<0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology